In this paper, an ecological model with stage-structure in prey population, fear, anti-predator and harvesting are suggested. Lotka-Volterra and Holling type II functional responses have been assumed to describe the feeding processes . The local and global stability of steady points of this model are established. Finally, the global dynamics are studied numerically to investigate the influence of the parameters on the solutions of the system, especially the effect of fear and anti-predation.

It is proposed and studied a prey-predator system with a Holling type II functional response that merges predation fear with a predator-dependent prey's refuge. Understanding the impact of fear and refuge on the system's dynamic behavior is one of the objectives. All conceivable steady-states are investigated for their stability. The persistence condition of the system has been established. Local bifurcation analysis is performed in the Sotomayor sense. Extensive numerical simulation with varied parameters was used to explore the system's global dynamics. A limit cycle and a point attractor are the two types of attractors in the system. It's also interesting to note that the system exhibits bi-stability between these 2 types of attractors.

An essential tool for studying the web is its ability to show how energy moves through an ecosystem. Understanding and elucidating the relationship between species variety and their placement within the inclusive trophic dynamics is also beneficial. A food web ecological model with prey and two rival predators under fear and wind flow conditions is developed in this article. The boundedness and positivity of the system’s solution are established mathematically. The stability and existence constraints of the system’s equilibria are examined. The proposed system’s persistence limitations are established. Additionally, the bifurcation analysis of every potential equilibrium is examined using the Sotomayor theorem. To describe the

The influence of fear on the dynamics of harvested prey-predator model with intra-specific competition is suggested and studied, where the fear effect from the predation causes decreases of growth rate of prey.  We suppose that the predator attacks the prey under the Holling type IV functional response. he existence of the solution is investigated and the bounded-ness of the solution is studied too. In addition, the dynamical behavior of the system is established locally and globally. Furthermore, the persistence conditions are investigated. Finally, numerical analysis of the system is carried out.

This study was aimed to obtain the considerable amount of the biosurfactant (rhamnolipid) from local isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on industrial-scale. A 7L laboratory bioreactor was appointed to accomplish this task and all conditions of production were set as previously by batch culture experiments. Bioreactor with 3.5 L working volume was conducted for 120 h to obtain 16 g/L at 30ºC and 6.5 pH. The supernatant of production medium was used to reduce the surface tension of water from 72 to 27 mN/m, and the emulsification index was reached to 67%. The product was extracted with a mixture of solvents, purified by silica gel using a column of glass chromatography (3.5 × 30cm), and c

The present study was aimed to biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using rhaminolipid produced from local isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa as reducing and stabilizing agent. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by green method have shown several applications such as biomedical, anticancer, bio sensing, catalysis etc. Characterization study of purified bioemulsifier using thin layer chromatography (TLC) was demonstrated that the biosurfactant contains mono, and di- rhamnolipid with Rf values of 0.86 and 0.36 respectively. Optimization results of biosynthesis silver nanoparticles were revealed that an increasing in intensity of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR

 Four aphid species belonging to the Tribe Fordini (Homoptera, Aphididae,  Eriosomatinae) induce galls on Pistacia trees in North Iraq (Kurdistan) were recorded in this study. Molecular phylogeny of Iraq Fordini species was constructed for These species (Forda riccobonii, Paracletus  cimiciformis, Baizongia pistaciae and Forda marginata), based on sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI)  gene of these aphid species to detect  the relationship and taxonomy of  Iraqi species for tribe Fordini. Our results confirmed that each of Forda and Paracletus are a sister genus, or monophyletic group by designing in same clade, while B. pistaciae

This study was aimed to extract the effective material from the dry nests of termites and detect its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial isolates and inhibit synthesis of its biofilm. Termites dry nests were collected and the effective material was extracted then the antibacterial activity was detected using the disc diffusion assay. Results were showed that the extract have antibacterial material from the Termites dry nests, this extract showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) at (21.5mm) and Gram negative bacteria ( Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at (26 mm and 20 mm) respectively by inhibiting their growth, as well as its

The objective of this study was to evaluate a natural bio-insecticide manufacturing from Eucalyptus sp. volatile oil. The use of Eucalyptus sp. against the Backswimmer insect Anisops sardea Herrich-Schaeffer, 1849 predatory of larvae of common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L., in artificial closed ponds in Babylon province represented a new idea in Iraq. The volatile oil of the Eucalyptus sp. was extracted by hot water method using the Clevenger, three concentrations of 250000, 450000 and 650000 ppm with benzyl benzoate a

This research was aimed to study the pollen morphology for the genus Pterocephalus(Vaill)  from Dipsacaceae family in Iraq, and to utilize these feathers in isolating the species as valuable taxonomic traits for enriching Iraqi flora. The study included characteristics of the type, shape, size, sculpturing and apertures, as well as determining the full dimensions using light microscopy as well as numerical analysis of this species and draw polygonal shapes and denderogram  convergence between species. The results of the study of pollen and polygonal forms showed significant differences in the characteristics at the level of each species, which helps to identifi

This study was aimed to measure the decolorization of tattoo dyes by different chemicals and polyphenol oxidases from several plant sources. The tattoo inks removal market has burgeoned over the years, due to increased spread of tattooed persons about the world. Laser and surgery are presently the gold standards for removing of the tattoo. However, both of them have blemishes. Consequently, lots of persons were preferring easier, faster and cheaper procedures for tattoo remove. In this study polyphenol oxidases enzyme from many plant sources and different chemicals were used for decolorization of tattoo dyes in vitro. The polyphenol oxidase enzyme was used for removing of tattoo dyes (brown and blue) in order to demonstrate their

This study was aimed to determine the role of vitamin D on renal function and thyroid gland. Eighty blood samples were collected (20 patients and 20 healthy) of different sex with different ages (28-88) years from Baghdad's hospitals to study the renal function, as well as samples from (20 patients and 20 healthy) of different sex with various ages (12-62) years were collected to study the thyroid gland function. The blood samples of kidney were tested for urea, creatinine and vitamin D, whereas other samples tested for Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroxine (T4), and Tri-iodothyronine (T3), and vitamin D. The results

 This study was aimed to investigate cytogenetic effects of the crude saponinsof Yucca elephantipes leaves on mitosis. The root tips of Allium cepa L. were used as plant test system in vivo. Root tips of A. cepa were tested for four hours with four concentrations of the crude saponins (0.00, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/ml). This study were included some cytogenetic diagnosis included mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberration. Results showed that saponins reduced the mitotic index (MI) to less than 50%, specifically when treated with 12.5,25 or 50 mg/ ml mitotic index reached 25.48, 17.98, 18.81% respectively, this reduction was considered tox

This study was aimed description of morphological features of fruits and seeds of eight species related to Brassicaceae family in Iraq, the study showed number of taxonomic differences as the silique was long in all studied except the species Rorippa amphibian (L.)b Besser was short, however the  fruits varied in dimensions where the species Turritis laxa L. recorded the highest average length with (160 mm) while the species  R .amphibia was record  the shortest length (5 mm), in addition the colors ranged from green to brown. This study showed that all of the species was glabrous except Arabis caucasia Willd. was lanute-woolly.  The configuration shapes were linear with exc

The current study was aimed to evaluate the biological activity of mannoprotein produce from local isolate S. cerevisiae BY. The results of purified mannoprotein using gel filtration chromatography revealed higher ratio of protein to mannose reached to 87.1%. FTIR indicated the presence of C-H and O-H bands could be due to the protein and carbohydrate components, respectively.C=N band due to acylated amino sugars frequently found in glycoproteins, HPLC indicated the presence of mannoprotein to 12 kinds of amino acid.Antibacterial, anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm activities of mannoprotein were evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria. Mannoprotein showed slightly inhibition zones ranged (10to14mm) and(9to 13mm) against

This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of S. aureus  to different antiseptics.This research indicate that the resistance of S.aureus to antiseptics  is  due to possessing  either the smr gene or the qacA/B genes that  associated with decreased susceptibility to antiseptics there for this study amid to determine the frequencies of S. aureus chloroxylenol resistant isolates and the presence of the  previous genes in these isolates as well as the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of these genes.189 clinical isolates isolated from skin infections  identified as S. aureus in Baghdad by microscopical and biochemical tests. The chloroxylenol resistance S. aureus isolates was identified and

This study was aimed to chemical analysis of new recorded species Acalypha australis L. Plant samples collected from cultivated gardens and fields as well as road sides. This plant is annual herbs or weed, with wiry stem and simple lanceolate green leaves, and unisexual flowers with special cordate bracts, male flower characterized by separated anther sacs, fruits schizocarpic with 2 or 3 mericarps, pollen grains are 3-4-zonocolporate with irregular granulated sculpturing. Extract revealed a variable gropes of an important bioactive compounds as benzuquinones and its derivatives 2,6-dimethoxy – 1,4- benzoquinones which has an important roles as antioxidants compounds, From anthraquinones group the plant has trihydroxya

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentration of Mentha spicata on liver tissues. Fourteen mature male albino mice were used in this study and divided into two groups. Control group received 1 ml normal saline daily for 7days through oro- gastric tube. The remained animals received 1ml of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata daily for 7 days through oro-gastric tube. At the end of experiment, all animals were dissected. Liver Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were examined macroscopically. The results showed that coagulative degeneration, degeneration of hepatocy

The current study was aimed to optimize, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial and antiadhesive activity of biosurfactant(glycolipid) produce from local isolateLactobacillus helvetiusM5. The obtained results indicate that the highest emulsifying activity occurred at pH 7, Lactose (5%) the best production medium, 1% peptone as nitrogen source, maximum growth and production of biosurfactant was observed at C: N ratio (5:1) and after 120 h of incubation. Partial purified biosurfactant was characterized byfourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass. FTIR results indicated aliphatic hydrocarbon chains along with

This research project was designed to assess the antibacterial and antitcancer activity by using the crude extracts of fresh and dried peels of Annona squamosa fruit. The fresh and dried peels were extracted by using three solvents, inculded (water, ethanol, and methanol) at different concentrations (stock, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25) µg/ml. The antibacterial activity was estimated against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram - negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using agar well-diffusion method. Results showed the appearance of different regions of inhibition. Antibacterial activity of alcoholic solvent extracts of the dry and fresh peels showed noticeable inhibitory activity against

This work was designed to study the free and immobilized partial purified lovastatin in various applications. The results of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition showed enzyme inhibition at 10 mM of standard and partial purified lovastatin with specific activity 0.056 and 0.062 U/mg protein respectively, compared with specific activity 0.277 U/mg protein without inhibitor. The results of the thermal stability and storage time on lovastatin for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase demonstrated that the standard and partial purified lovastatin were stabled in t

This study was aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effect of lemongrass essential oil (LEO) from Cymbopogon citratus on A549 cell line and their effect on the expression of p53 gene in lung cancer cells. The LEO was extracted and anlaysed using GC-MS analysis, the cytotoxicity of LEO against lung cancer cells was examined using MMT assay and finally the expression of p53 was determined via qRT-PCR. The chromatogram of GC-MS exhibited 14 compounds in ELO, the major one is citral (56.4%). The cytotoxicity of LEO was dose dependent which proliferation of the lung cells were significantly inhibited with increased concentration of essential oil (P≤ 0.01) as well as the IC50 was 29.13 ppm. Furthermore

Anise (Pimpinella anisum) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant, its widely used as spices, flavoring agent and fragrance. Anise seeds and its essential oils (EOs) has been used widely in the recipes of folk medicine in the Arab region, including Iraq. Therefore, the goal of this work was to extract and define the chemical compositions of aniseeds EOs, and study its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potentials. Aniseed EOs were extracted by hydro-distillation technique using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-five distinct compounds have been recognized by Gas chromatographic–Mass spectral (GC-Mas) analysis, the major constituents were anisole (87

The agent-based modeling is currently utilized extensively to analyze complex systems. It supported such growth, because it was able to convey distinct levels of interaction in a complex detailed environment. Meanwhile, agent-based models incline to be progressively complex. Thus, powerful modeling and simulation techniques are needed to address this rise in complexity. In recent years, a number of platforms for developing agent-based models have been developed. Actually, in most of the agents, often discrete representation of the environment, and one level of interaction are presented, where two or three are regarded hardly in various agent-based models. The key issue is that modellers work in these areas is not assisted by simulation plat

تعد لوحات السيطرة الخاصة بالمراقبة والسيطرة على نوعية الانتاج احدى الاساليب العلمية الاحصائية التي تستخدم لمراقبة سير العملية الانتاجية اثناء سيرالعنلية الانتاجية اثناء سيرها في مراحل الانتاج والتي عادة ما تتكون من حد وسطي وحدين اعلى وادنى للسيطرة على نوعية ودقة الانتاج متمثلا بقيم عددية . ومن ثم فان العملية الانتاجية اما ان تكون تحت السيطرة او خارجها بالاعتماد على قيم المشاهادات العددية. وفي بعض الاحيا

The present study combines UV-Vis spectrophotometry and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for the preconcentration and determination of trace level clidinium bromide (Clid) in pharmaceutical preparation and real samples. The method is based on ion-pair formation between Clid and bromocresol green in aqueous solution using citrate buffer (pH = 3). The colored product was first extracted using a mixture of 800 µL acetonitrile and 300 µL chloroform solvents. Then, a spectrophotometric measurement of sediment phase was performed at λ = 420 nm. The important parameters affecting the efficiency of DLLME were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs of standard -1 (Std.), drug, urine and serum were ranged