With a goal to identify, and ultimately removing from the oil fraction, the carcinogenic components, an oil fraction oil has been analyzed into a main three hydrocarbon groups, paraffins, aromatics, and polycyclic saturates. A multi-stage adsorption apparatus has been used. Four units of 300 g alumina each seems to be sufficient for removing the polynuclear aromatics from 75 g of an oil fraction boiling between 365-375 °C from Qurna crude oil. The usefulness of the ternary diagram for analyzing the oil fraction to the three hydrocarbons groups has been studied and verified. An experimentally based linear relationship of density and refractive index was established to enable of identifying the composition of an oil fraction using th

Abstract. Shock chlorination is a well-known practice in swimming pools and domestic wells. One of the limitations for using this technique in drinking water purification facilities is the difficulty of quickly removing high chlorine concentrations in water distribution systems or production facilities. In order to use this method in the drinking water industry a shock de-chlorination method should be introduced for producing microorganism and biocide free water. De-chlorination using natural stagnant aeration (leaving the water to lose the chlorine naturally) is the safest known method if compared with chemical and charcoaling methods. Unfortunately, stagnant aeration is a slow process. Therefore, developing a process for accelerat

Abstract. The main technique for removing bacteria from water for various applications is chemical disinfection. However, this method has many disadvantages such as producing disinfectant by-products (DBPs), biofilm formation and either rendering the water unpotable (at high residual disinfection) or leaving a potential for lethal diseases such as Cholera (if the residual disinfection is too low). Recently, a process was developed for continuous removal of bacteria from water using the principle of froth flotation through compressed air only without any chemicals (Hassan, 2015). This work examines the extent to which chemical free froth flotation can purify drinking water. The experiments were carried out using two flotation columns

Abstract. Froth flotation is a solid-liquid separation technique that uses hydrophobicity as a driving force. Bacteria and other drinking water microorganisms tend to be hydrophobic and can be removed from water using this application. The biggest limitation against using froth flotation in the drinking water industry is the difficulty of producing froth without chemical frothers and holding bacteria in this froth without chemical collectors which deteriorate water taste and odor. Recently, researchers at the University of Sheffield described a method for producing froth using only water and compressed air. This has enabled froth flotation to be studied as an alternative to biocides for the removal of bacteria from drinking water. T

Abstract. Froth flotation is a well-known solid-liquid separation technique. Hydrophobicity is the main driving force for such processes. Hydrophobic solids attach to air bubbles and rise up while hydrophilic or less hydrophobic species settle down. Froth can be produced with chemical frothers such as alcohols and polyglycols. However, the use of chemicals limits the use of this separation method in applications such as drinking water, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, developing a technique that produces froth without adding any chemicals would be useful to such industries. This work demonstrates that with suitable operating parameters a 27 cm froth height can be obtained in a 20 cm diameter column by using an air

A general mathematical model for a fixed bed immobilized enzyme reactor was developed to simulate the process of diffusion and reaction inside the biocatalyst particle. The modeling and simulation of starch hydrolysis using immobilized α-amylase were used as a model for this study. Corn starch hydrolysis was carried out at a constant pH of 5.5 and temperature of . The substrate flow rate was ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mL/min, substrate initial concentrations 1 to 100 g/L. α-amylase was immobilized on to calcium alginate hydrogel beads of 2 mm average diameter. In this work Michaelis-Menten kinetics have been considered. The effect of substrate flow rate (i.e., residence time

إنٌ الإعلان نشاط إنساني قديم قدم المجتمعات الإنسانية ، إذ مارسه كل مجتمع بما اتفق مع ظروف العصر وما توافر فيه من وسائل الاتصال ، وجاء تطور الإعلان في العصر الحديث انعكاساً لعوامل عدة حتى أصبح جزءً أساسياً من حياة الأفراد في العالم ، وقد ازداد الاهتمام بالإعلانات التلفزيونية بوجه خاص لأنها الوسيلة الإعلانية الجماهيرية الأولى والأقوى تأثيراً في النفوس. إذ تمارس الإعلانات دوراً كبيراً في حياتنا كأفراد فأص

يعد البريد الدعائي من الوسائل التي تنقل الرسائل الإعلانية المطبوعة إلى مستهلكي السلع والخدمات أو المتعاملين فيها وهم في محلات اقامتهم ، يفضل البريد الدعائي بوصفه طريقة مجربة وغير مكلفة وممكن قياس مدى فاعليتها ، وأصبح البريد الدعائي في التسويق العالمي احد اكثر الوسائل فاعلية في خلق زبائن جدد والاحتفاظ بهم فضلا عن الاتصال المباشر ، كما يمكن ارساله إلى شريحة محددة للغاية من الزبائن أو الافراد المختارين بح

The synthesis of zeolite NaX from locally available kaolin has been studied. The operating conditions for zeolite NaX production from kaolin with good crystallinity were as follows; a gel formation step of metakaolin in alkaline medium in presence of additional silica to crystallize the zeolite was achieved at 60 oC for 1 hr,and with stirring. In ageing step of the reactants at room temperature for 5 days and crystallization step at 87±2 oC for 24 hr. The catalytic activity of catalyst prepared from local kaolin was studied by using cumene cracking as a model for catalytic cracking and compared with standard HY zeolite and HX zeolite catalysts. The activity test was carried out in a laboratory continuous flow unit with fixed bed re

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