the visual and aesthetic characteristics of the city depending on understanding several levels of visual and aesthetic characteristics to the city, starting with the study of the physical characteristics and morphology of the city in general, and urban style to it, and then study of visual composition of the city from the optical components that affect the composition of the image (visual composition) of the city represent by pathways, borders, regions and the specific features as classified by (Kevin Lynch), and then studying the details and the attention of all elements that would confer the beautiful appearance as necessary for the needs of society and the environment in general, for example, interest in the distribution and c

Water scarcity is a growing concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Sea of Najaf in Iraq is one such region facing water scarcity, with the lake serving as a crucial water source for the local population. Remote sensing systems "RS" and geographic information systems "GIS" are important techniques for monitoring environmental and land cover changes. This paper focuses on Sentinel-2B imagery for surface water mapping in the Sea of Najaf and evaluating the performance of maximum likelihood (MLC) classification method. The study area encompasses Sea of Najaf and its immediate surroundings. Two images for Sentinel-2B one image on December,29, 2015 and December,29,2022, were used for training and validating the classification mod

تؤدي المناطق المفتوحة والخضراء دورا مهما في حياة المدن الحديثة . فاتساع الرقعة العمرانية على حساب المناطق المفتوحة والخضراء جعلت الحاجة للاستمتاع بالبيئة الطبيعية صفة ملازم لسكانها .
ويعد النمو السريع للمدن وتطور اعدادها السكانية واتساع مساحتها  احدى الاسباب التي اظهرت الحاجة الى المناطق المفتوحه الخضراء الفسيحة داخل المدينة نظرا لاهميتها البيئة والمناخية والترفيهية في حياة المواطن , لذا تولي الدول

this research presents an analytical study of the direct and indirect impacts od the survey mistakes and errors in the visual satisfaction for the towns >
Iskan sector in Hilla city has been chosen as a cases study Detail survey for this area is prepared . this local survey has been compared with Iskan sector plan . The result show differences . these differences give an indication of percentage of achieving objectives for the sector plan

يسعى هذا البحث إلى دراسة مفهوم أنسنة المدن بوصفه أداة أساسية لتعزيز الـمشاركة المـجتمعية وتحسين نوعية الحياة في المناطق الحضرية، مع التركيز على مدينة بسـماية  في العــراق بوصفها نموذجًا عمليًا. تنبع الدراسة من إشكالية رئيسة تتعلَّق بضعف التفاعل الاجتماعي وغياب الانسجام بين الــبنية التـحتية والأنشطة المجتمعية. وتفترض أن تطبيق مبادئ أنسنة المدن يسهم في تعزيز التماسك الاجتماعي ودعم التنمية المستدامة.

Housing deprivation is an important issue that directly affects human well-being and quality of life. Access to adequate housing is a basic necessity, as recognized by many international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Despite this, many families still struggle with inadequate housing conditions, which contributes to widening social and economic disparities.

Research Problem: The study addresses the unclear understanding of the causes and factors of housing deprivation.

Research Objective: This research aims to assess the levels of housing deprivation and identify the main social, economic, and urban factors that contribute to this iss

Research studies show that urban green spaces promote physical activity, the health of urban residents, and psychological well-being. Taking the community park in Duhok city as the research object, the spatial service area in terms of accessibility of to the Community Park under the mode of pedestrian transportation is analyzed by using the network analysis service area function of the geographic information system (GIS). The results show that under the walking mode in the research area, Parks are concentrated in the north and south of the city, but community parks are few in disadvantaged neighborhoods. In addition, there is a significant disparity between the number of community parks and the number of communities. Only 11 communities

     In front of the serious deterioration of the elements of the environment, new convictions arose the need to integrate into the global environmental concerns as being one and the issue of shared responsibility and the impact of this conviction, the evolution of the environment protection law in many countries, including Algeria. Due to the multiplicity of perceptions about the environmental result of multiple scientific disciplines, the legislative concept emerged to protect the environment, which includes prevention and rational management and conservation and restoration and repair.

    Environmental planning for the various governments and countries aims to avert disasters and achieve the

The housing sector in Iraq has suffered from multiple problems, the most prominent of which is the failure of the housing market to achieve housing production that faces population increases and a high number of households.

The research aims to foresight the future of the housing sector,  and to identify the expectations of experts in the development of the housing sector and housing production, in order to overcome the obstacles and problems.

Foresight does not mean forecasting about future events, but rather it is a process and skill aimed at familiarity with providing sufficient knowledge to achieve the desired future goals, Accordingly, adopting a method of future foresight will reduce error,  surprise and s

  The indicators were important core for any work, and may be occurring this indicators way of communicating among planers and decision makers, even also for public participating, do make any decision. The urban and regional planning is one of those science highly depending on using indictors, for two  reasons, first, way to communicating ideas between specialist and non-specialist, (politician and decision makers), the second one, this field are multidisciplinary science, so the need indictors to clearing thoughts among different backgrounds in one team, as common language.

This research tries to clear importance of GIS in forming and building Spatial Planning Indicators, to cross communication problem among planning g

Urban wetlands are one of the complex systems that provide many economic, social and environmental services to the city. In this research, the most important services provided by urban wetlands from the point of view of the urban planner were reviewed, and the types of these lands and their divisions according to the type of services provided by each type were presented. Environmental is represented in its ability to reduce the dangers of floods, mitigate the climate and reduce its negative impacts, purify water and deplete a lot of suspended impurities and pollutants, and social services such as recreational areas and beautiful landscapes that inspire joy and reassurance in the soul, as well as cultural areas and sports activities for m

The study relied on data about the health sector in Iraq in 2006 in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and the Central Bureau of Statistics and Information Technology in 2007 Included the estimates of the population distribution of the Baghdad province and the country depending on the population distribution for 1997,evaluate the health sector which included health institutions, and health staff, and other health services. The research Aimis; Measurement an amount and size of the growth of health services (increase and decrease) and the compare of verified in Iraq and Baghdad, and evaluate the effectiveness of the distribution of supplies and health services (physical and human) of the size of the population distribution and

The research target is to Know the extent influence of the neighborhood planning and architectural concept on the cities. as the importance of the residential areas represent 40-60% from the cities areas gives, The neighborhood planning concepts their important and their effects on the type of the urban physical pattern mode formation

The formation of the residential areas correlated organically with physical structure and geographical environment which grow organically parallel to the city expansion and population increase. The residential neighborhood development influenced by social, economical and cultural environment of the cities according to the special and time which defined it's concept.

Living in sustainable residential place is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of life in neighborhood complex within the vertical housing complexes. This research focuses on indicators of social sustainability because of their effective impact in achieving a good quality of life . The most prominent of these indicators include: (social interaction, neighborhood grouped and trust, social cohesion, security and safety, privacy, connectivity opportunities for meeting and , and community participation, and cultural diversity). This was done through a questionnaire (for the residents of the Al-Salam residential complex in the city of Baghdad), and the form includes a set of questions related to indicators of social sustai

Technical education in Iraq Composed of, a complex system of technical competence and scientific, technical and administrative, which extends to cover large areas of the country and constitute a vicious circle between economic development, social and cultural rights through middle-management on the one hand, and between academic knowledge and political decision-making, which aims to bring such development On the other hand, in the light of that education is the actual technical extension applied to create the idea of complementarily between them. In Iraq, have been distributed institutes and technical colleges to achieve those goals, in addition to realizing the idea of integration between them and community, and integration of t

The research aims to analyze and evaluate the urban land use according to the needs of the current and future population by adopting the planning criteria for the holy city of Karbala. In the theoretical side, we discussed the most important concepts of urban land use planning. In the practical aspect of the study, field surveys were conducted to obtain the required information. Using the GIS program, the land uses were planned and executed, Analysis By comparing the per capita use of urban land with criteria and the production of maps.

The main findings of the study are that there is a large deficit in meeting some of the needs of the urban land uses and the basic services of the city. The research recommended that the needs of

The cities are not yet a temporal status in the process of the human and civilization development. The cities consider as a life pattern, this mean that people cannot live without cities, which surround us. Several phenomena like globalization, revolution of information, technical development, increased of consumption, do not confirmed without the living in cities. The urbanization – in its simple meaning – means transferring from rural community to city community. In other word, it means that socioeconomic changes happened subject to the patterns and conditions of the urban life. Each government depend a certain policy, this policy contains set of plans and programs, that targeting to affect the population factors and the st

المستخلص.

هنالك العديد من التحديات التي تواجهها مدينة الكوت، مثل العديد من المناطق الحضرية الأخرى في جميع أنحاء العالم، بسبب التحضر السريع والمساحة المحدودة المتاحة. بذلك تحتاج منطقة الدراسة إلى تخطيط ذكي لاستعمالات الأراضي لمعالجة هذه القضايا مع الحفاظ على الموارد الطبيعية. وتشمل أهداف الدراسة تحليل التغيرات في استعمالات الأراضي في مدينة الكوت من عام 2003 إلى عام 2023، وتحديد العوامل المؤثرة ،

تهدف هذه،الدراسة،الى تقييم مستوى العدالة،المكانية في توزيع الخدمات الاجتماعية لبرنامج تنمية،الاقاليم،في واسط،2011-2022، من خلال البعد،المكاني لقطاعي الصحة،والتربية. بالإضافة الى العلاقة بين تخصيصات برنامج تنمية الاقاليم وعناصر (الفجوة،الخدمية، والسكان، المساحة، الامكانية الزراعية المتاحة)، فقد تم استعمال معامل جيني ومنحني لورنز في قياس التفاوت في التوزيع الامثل للخدمات وتمثيلها مكانيا باستعمال

In today's cities, it is easy to see large numbers of vacant lands and unused abandoned sites in downtown areas that are not only ugly but also potentially becoming fertile ground for criminal activities that endanger residents and visitors and contribute to the further degradation of neighborhoods,

can provide reuse of spaces Neglected opportunities to reshape the appearance of the city and to improve the city center for its users that the presence of many neglected sites, whether they were abandoned buildings or sites for destroyed buildings in Mosul after the war on ISIS and with large areas amid the urban fabric led to the emergence of the research problem is (lack of urban planning to reactivate abandoned sites within the ci

The arise of Islam as a multidimensional changing phenomenon with its own revolutionary and comprehensive character was inherent with a lot of alterations in social aspects , and this is explicit particularly in the scope of urban life and town planning . Essentially, Islamic style of life has its own urban identity. The urbanization process in Islam has been developed across two integrated sides, the first one concerned on ideational and theoretical aspects , while the other associated with practice .Many urban centers emerged during the Islamic era since the erection of Basrah , the first Islamic town in the middle of the 7th. centaury. Some contemporary urban concepts , both environmental and social could be noticed in Islamic

The emergence of oil fields and subsequent changes in adjacent land use are known to affect settlements and communities. Everywhere the industry emerges, there is little understanding about the impact of oil fields on land use in the surrounding areas. The oil industry in Iraq is one of the most important industries and is almost the main industry in the Iraqi economic sector, and it is very clear that this industry is spread over large areas, and at the same time adjoins with population communities linked to it developmentally.

The rapid development and expansion of oil extraction activities in various regions has led to many challenges related to land-use planning and management. Here, the problem of research  arises on th

Old Iraq includes the first experiences in establishing the first residential settlements in the Mesopotamian, and model villages designed and the pulp units in it and their natural matter, that made it perennial, and construction continues until now with it. These experiences were the basis for the emergence of the Iraqi civilization and thus the world and the beginning of writing, trade and the religions of the divine since before history, and then the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations, and their villages that formed the Fertile Crescent.

There is a lack of knowledge and disregard for the distant and near history of Iraq in the field of rural housing, despite Iraq's leadership in this field, with the aim of the re

Architecture has evolved through the ages as forms, relationships, materials and mechanisms according to the data of each era and up to the era of digital technology, where the change in proportions and aesthetic dimensions of contemporary architectural formation due to the capabilities of digitization has created innovative plastic properties using the void formation in the facades and the introduction of void as a formative and aesthetic element, which led to The emergence of new creative concepts and ideas that contradict traditional ideas and are consistent with the spirit of the times, led to a revolution in the world of architectural form at the level of (architectural ideas and the generation of shapes, materials and construction