A computer theoretical s1udy has been carried out in field of opto - clcctroniccs, to design  an electron  gun using the space charge effect.

The   distribution  of   axial  potential    upon   the  two   -electrode

immersion  lens  of  (L=l4mm)  has been  carried   out   using   Poisons equation and the  tinite  clement  method;  knowing  the first 11nd second derivation  of  the    axial   potential   and  the  solution   of  paraxial   ray equation, the  optical   prop

This  study  is concerned   measuri ng the concentration of some

ions l ike  calci um,  sodium, potassium, chlor,  lithium, carbonate and bicarbonate in drinking  and  river water  in AI-Muthana  and AI-Basrah

cities_

These  ions usually are found in normal water.  When we take di!Ierent samples  from different  regions  on the  E uph rates river  in Al­ Muthana  and A1-Basrah cities  we fou nd that the d rinking water  in Al­ Basrah contains a high prccent from  those ions. The  low preccnt from those  ions found  in Arab  river as compared with Euphrates  river. This study

The D.C. electrical properties of poly (ethylene oxide)/MgCl2 composites were investigated as a function of different MgCl2 filler concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) and different temperatures in the range (276–333)o K at three different polarizing fields. Resistivity: and dc Conductivity: σ dc were measured, and the activation energy: Ea of the thermal rate-process of the electrical conduction was investigated. It was found that the current-voltage measurement results exhibited Ohmic resistance behavior, the composites exhibit negative temperature reliance of resistivity and enhancement in the D.C. electrical conductivity with both temperature and MgCl2 concentration. The determined activation energy was found to

  A simple, fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been applied for the determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in its pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. The method based on coupling reaction of the antibiotic with diazotized anthranilic acid to form a stable yellow azo dye which shows a maximum absorption at 419 nm. Uni- and multivariate approaches were followed in optimizing the experimental conditions. Under optimum experimental conditions obtained via multivariate (Central Composite Design), the linearity of the constructed calibration curve was in the range of 0.560 μg.mL-1 with molar absorptivity of 14619 L.mol-1.cm-1 and the value of detection limit was 0.2813μg.mL-1. The capability of the metho

In this study, new derivatives of 3-C-spiro ring nucleoside analogues were synthesized. The structures of these derivatives were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,1HNMR (some of them) and elemental analysis. The nucleoside derivatives were tested for inhibition of E-coli and were all found to be active.

 A new carbonyl complexes of triazole and oxadiazole were synthesized. These complexes were identified and their structural geometric were suggested by using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements and other chemical and physical properties.   The spectra data (FT-IR, UV, Vis.) with the substantial aid of group theoretical calculations gave so many evidences for the proposed geometries and the type of bonding of these compounds

Thalassemia is a term that refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by a defect in the synthesis of hemoglobin. It is sometimes called Mediterranean anemia. Many biochemical changes in the blood accompany this disease. In this research, some biochemical parameters were measured in thalassemic patients and compared with healthy control group. These parameters include serum Iron, ferritin, TIBC, hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, calcium, transferrin, and transferrin saturation percentage.  The results of the research showed that there is a significant increase (P<0.05)  in serum iron and ferritin in thalassemic patients group in comparison with healthy control group. A significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum uric a

This researd exhibit's a method to  determine the change in Gibbs function,(enthai py,entropy.     and     specific     heat     capacity)      tor monovariant   heterogeneous   equilibria   .The  thermodynamical quan.tities were obtained jndirectly with m the measurment  of temperature dependent on eql,lilibrium system.

Community structures are fundamental in understanding the structure and functionality of complex networks. Different optimization algorithms, including both single-objective and multi-objective approaches, have been employed to address the challenge of community detection. Recently, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have attracted many researchers to identify communities in static networks. Many algorithms have been proposed to find a solution that achieves a trade-off between exploring new areas of the solution space and improving the quality of existing solutions. In this trade-off is crucial; whereas exploitation improves existing solutions, it may fail to find better solutions from insufficiently explored regions of the

This study included the effect of thermal neutron radiation and partial replacement of selenium with lead for S₇₀Se_30-xPb_x alloy samples with different lead concentrations (x = 0 and 5) prepared by the melting point technique. The samples were examined before and after thermal neutron irradiation for seven days with Am²⁴¹−Be⁹ radioactive source, with a radiation dose of . Continuous electrical conductivity analysis revealed changes in all samples, attributed to the rearrangement of the crystal structure caused by radiation-induced disturbances. These changes led to modifications in the electrical properties of the irradiated samples compared to the non-irradiated o

In this work, the Nickel and zinc Ferrite Ni_0.5Zn_0.5 Fe₂O₄ +XCeO₂ in purity and purity structure were prepared at multi–concentration X (0.0,0.05,0.10,0.15, and 0.20) using the solid state interaction method at a temperature (1000 °C) for four hours in air. The XR-diffraction shows that the prepared powder samples have a spinal structure at single cubic phase. The lattice parameters were decreasing from 8.331 to 8.3021 with increasing concentration of cerium's Ionic Ce⁴⁺, also the crystal volume for purity samples is larger than in purity samples, decreasing from (578.217 to 571.993) A°³ with increasing concentration. However, the real and imaginary dielectr

In this paper, orthogonal polynomials and their operational matrices will be utilized to address the initial and boundary value problems of the one-dimensional wave problem, where the domain of the space variable is bounded, which covers a variety of scientific and engineering operations. Six types of orthogonal polynomials, Include instead of such as the Genocchi, Bernoulli, Legendre, Boubaker, Chebyshev and Standard polynomials. The linear problem with its initial and boundary conditions are transformed to a linear algebraic equations, which can then be solved by utilizing  to get an approximate solution for this problem. Some test problems related to the one-dimensional wave equation with different conditions are discussed and solved

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained attention as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods, reducing toxicity to the environment and living organisms. This study aims to synthesize a novel nanocomposite (Mag-Chi-Cur-AgNPs) composed of silver NPs (AgNPs) prepared using curcumin (Cur) as a reducing and stabilizing agent, along with chitosan (Chit) and magnetic iron oxide (Mag). Cur-AgNPs were synthesized by dissolving Cur in dimethyl sulfoxide and deionized water, followed by the controlled addition of AgNO₃. The solution was stirred, pH-adjusted, ultrasonicated, and incubated. Chit-Cur-Ag nanocomposite was formed by dissolving nanochitosan in acetic acid, mixing it with Cur-AgNPs, then stirring, washing,

Water quality assessment is important for water resource management. The current study focuses on the analysis of monitoring water quality data of the Tigris River in Iraq by applying the Iraqi Water Quality Index (WQI). Twenty-one parameters Quality standards were taken along the river for three governorates and for eight stations, starting from Salah al-Din, north of Baghdad, with one station (Samarra), and Baghdad represented by three stations (Al-Mutha Bridge, Atifia, Jadriya) and south of Baghdad represented by Kut Governorate (Aziziyah, Zubaydah, Numaniyah, Al-Muftah), and included Quality standards nine standards were used for the purposes of living organisms, including (pH, T.w., PO₄, NO₃, Cl, NO₂

Gram-positive enterococci are opportunistic and resistant to many antibiotics. This search investigated the prevalence of macrolide antibiotic resistance genes in local enterococcal isolates and its correlation with biofilm formation. We collected 112 clinical samples from the Medical City Hospital, dentists' clinics, and labs in Baghdad from October 2022 to March 2023, which included root canal samples from 50 patients and urine samples from 62 patients with urinary tract infections. The samples were cultured on Pfizer-specific Enterococcus media. Twenty-one isolates were identified as Enterococcus spp. by biochemical tests and confirmed using the VITEK 2 system. After that, the crystal violet staining method was used

     When OCR systems are utilized to recognize mathematical expressions in scanned documents, they encounter numerous challenges. These challenges arise because the mathematical expressions use an extensive array of symbols, variables, numbers, and operations, each with its distinct writing style. Moreover, mathematical expressions have a hierarchical relationship and adhere to logical rules governing the grouping of their components. This paper presents a three-step approach segmentation, symbol recognition, and interpretation to overcome these issues. The segmentation process aims to identify and separate each symbol based on its spatial location. Then, various features are extracted to describe the horizontal and vertical project

In this study, an extract from bamboo leaves was used to prepare ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, and ZnO/CuO NPs in a safe, efficient, and eco-friendly manner to reduce the toxicity of nanomaterials and their use in medical applications. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. The average crystalline size was 22 nm for ZnO, 13.8 nm for CuO, and 14.7 nm for the CuO-ZnO composite. ZnO nanoparticles were hexagonal, while CuO nanoparticles were monoclinic. FESEM demonstrated that the produced nanoparticles were formed in various configurations, combining spherical flower shapes with nanorods with sizes ranging from 30 to 60 nm, which promotes the creation of images and nanoparticles. EDX analysis verified that all s

The current study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to different colors of light and culture media with different concentrations of nutrients on growth curves, growth rates, doubling times of Chlorococcum humicola and different harvest times. The studied algae were grown in two different media, Chu13 and BG11 for comparison purpose with the effect of three colors of white, blue, and red lights. White light was adopted as a control factor. The harvest was carried out after the days (7, 14, 21, 28, 35) days of development to determine the highest growth rate in the shortest time during five weeks and therefore to determine the best harvest time in producing the highest growth rates and growth curves and the lowest doubling

To identify some of the virulence features (hemolysine, gelatenase, and biofilm formation) to study the gene expression of esp gene responsible for biofilm formation in E. faecalis bacteria.

Seventy isolates of E. faecalis were collected from diverse clinical causes, containing (urine, stool, wounds, uterine secretions) from numerous hospitals clinics in Baghdad city; Central Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, and the National Center for Educational Laboratories, during the period 1-7-2022 until 1-9-2022. Detection of some virulence factors (Hemolysin, Gelatinase, biofilm), Antibiotics sensitivity antibiotics was determined using VITEK2 system. esp gene expression responsible fo

The ground-state properties like the nuclear densities and the root mean square (rms) radii for exotic neutron-rich nuclei ¹⁴B and ¹⁸N have been investigated using the Skyrme Hartree-Fock and Bear-Hodgson calculations to study the structure of these nuclei. The results of the evaluation are contrasted with the experimental data that is currently available. It found that a common feature of the neutron and matter densities for the above-selected exotic nuclei is the long tail behavior. We assumed that both ¹⁴B and ¹⁸N have a structure of the core nuclei ¹³B and ¹⁷N plus a valence neutron. It found that the structure of the valence one-neutron of ¹⁴B and ¹⁸

In this work, we have carried out a detailed theoretical analysis of the nuclear deformations of some of the nuclei situated in the vicinity and within the nuclear Island of Inversion. The properties that were studied included the calculation of the magnetic moment and the electric quadrupole moment to gather with reduced quadrupole deformation parameter for even-even isotopes of Ne, Mg, and Si nuclei, to explain the behavior of the nuclei in question, and how much they deviate from the spherical shape in this critical region. All theoretical computations were conducted utilizing the NushellX@MSU shell model code within the sd space with the effective two-body interaction USDC. The comparative analysis with available experimental data re

Diffractive lenses form images based on the principle of light diffraction, unlike conventional lenses that rely on the phenomenon of refraction to form images. Diffractive lenses consist of precisely aligned structures of holes or slits that act as optical gratings. They are arranged to give the lens the optical property of changing the path of incident rays, creating an image pattern similar to that of conventional lenses. This work aims to study the image characteristics formed by diffractive lenses by conducting a computer simulation in the Zemax optical design software. The analysis tools available in the software are then used to study the quality of the resulting image and evaluate the performance of the diffractive lens. The resu

Commercial graphite (CGT) powder was used as an adsorbent surface for cationic dye, Janus green (JG), from aqueous solutions. This study aims to highlight the practical significance of using inexpensive CGT as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of JG dye from industrial wastewater. CGT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The adsorption process was investigated by examining parameters like the weight of the adsorbent, contact time, and temperature. Pseudo-second-order kinetic (PSO), pseudo-first-order, and intraparticle diffusion were used for analyzing the kinetic data. JG dye's adsorption kinetics fit the PSO kinetic model well (R²= 0.999). Fur

In trendy farming, the use of Nano fertilizers is raising the productivity and strength of different crops by reducing the destructive effects of environmental changes. The current study is the first in Iraq to address anatomical characteristics and the Nanoscale effect on them.

In the current study, the effect of Nano zinc oxide on the anatomy features of soybeans was tested. Concentrations of Nano zinc oxide were 0.75 and compared with control plants without spray. after doing the sections and examination, the results showed that the effect of Nano zinc oxide on the vascular bundle in the stem and midrib of leaf, also the length and width of stomata in leaf epidermis compared with control, as the stems of plants sprayed with Nan

Fusarium wilt is one of the most significant diseases that affects tomato plants and is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, whether in fields or greenhouses. The current research aimed to identify the Fusarium incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc. agent that causes Fusarium wilt on tomato plants for the first time in Iraq by morphological and molecular methods, in addition to detecting the phylogenetic distance and similarity of the Iraqi isolates to other isolates globally. In January of 2023, the wilt signs were apparent on wilted tomato plants in Al-Mahmoudiya fields in Iraq. The isolate was confirmed and molecularly diagnosed according to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The se

Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is growing rapidly around the world, due in large part to significant changes in the modern human lifestyle. T2DM and its complications are affected by a complex interplay of genetic, life course, ecological, cultural, socioeconomic, cognitive-psychological-behavioral, and access to care factors that influence regional variations in disease burden and care quality by gender. This study aims to investigate the role of laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2), mixed lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2), and Protein Z (PORZ) as potential biomarkers for T2DM at different durations of the disease. These biomarkers were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While biochemical param

Escherichia coli O157 urinary tract infections are quite widespread all over the world. Few clinical investigations have indicated that ascorbic acid supplementation shortens the duration and symptoms of urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ascorbic acid was impacted by the antibiotic therapy indicated for urinary tract isolates of E. coli O157. Our study aimed to determine the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, ascorbic acid, or a combination of both in eliminating Escherichia coli O157 bacteria that had grown in the urethra of male Wistar albino rats. Following infection events, the animals exhibited significant increases in serum and urine biochemical markers linked to kidney damage. W

Drought stress resulting from the depletion of available water in the soil leads to disturbances in the plant's metabolic processes, reducing productivity due to its decreased ability to absorb water and essential nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of three bread wheat varieties (Adna 99, Bohooth 22, and Wafia), three drought stress levels (25% control, 50%, and 75% depletion of available water), and foliar application of micronutrients(control) iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (mn) at 100 mg L-¹) and no spraying on agro-biochemical characteristics. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that as drought conditio

In this paper, we present the concept of the radical of an Endo-Restricted Bounded submodule and establish its characterization, which is regarded as a new notion. In addition, we study the relationship between the radical of submodules and the radical of an Endo-Restricted Bounded submodules and this connection will give us important results in terms of their radical. Furthermore, this article will demonstrate numerous properties and corollaries that elucidate the concept of the Endo-Restricted Bounded submodule's radical. This work includes a new class of T-module as well as a T-submodule called the Endo-Restricted Bounded Module (submodule), written briefly as the Endo-R.B. module (submodule), provided with some examples that illustra

A low-cost thermal evaporation deposition technique has been used for the preparation of Cu₂Se thin films on glass substrates at RT with a thickness of 500 nm. Structural and optical properties of these films were investigated.  Structural characterization of the films was done using X-ray diffraction XRD analyses, atomic force microscopy AFM was used for the morphological characterization of the film samples, and UV-Vis spectroscopy was also used for the characterization of the samples. The films have been treated at different temperatures (403, 453 &503) K for 1 hour. X-ray diffraction (XRD-with wavelength 1.54 A) study of these films suggests a cubic structure and has prominent (220) orientation. And AFM analysis, it i