ان مشكلة البحث كون لعبة كرة السلة لـ لعبة جديدة ونحن في صدد اكتشاف كل السبل التي تعمل على تطوير هذه اللعبة من الناحية البدنية والمهارية كون البحوث السابقة لم تتطرق القدرات البدنية المتمثلة (بسرعة الأستجابة) ولكون الباحث لاعب سابق وحكم كرة سلة لـ ، لذا ارتائ الباحث ان تكون اللعبة محور دراسته وذلك بوضع تمرينات تدريبية وفق الأنظمة الأكثر اعتماداً لهذه اللعبة ومعرفة مدى تأثيرها في القدرات الوظيفية والمهارية. وك

هدفت الدراسة التعرف الى اثر استخدام تدريبات الهايبرتروفي بالأثقال الحرة وتدريبات الهايبرتروفي بالأجهزة الخاصة وتأثيرها على قدرة القوة القصوى والحجم العضلي للاعبي بناء الاجسام المتقدمين , واستخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي لملائمته لطبيعة المشكلة, واجريت الدراسة على عينة من لاعبي القاعات الاهلية لبناء الاجسام والبالغ عددهم (16) لاعبا , قسموا الى مجموعتين متساويتين اذ قامت المجموعة الاولى التجريبية بالتدريب ب

. يشير البحث الى ان مهارة الدقة في التهديف هي المرحلة الأخيرة من عمل فريق جماعي نهاية تعتمد على نجاح او فشل التهديف ولكي تكون نهاية عمل الفريق ناجحة لابد ان يكون اللاعب على مستوى عالي في مهارة الدقة في التهديف وخاصتا ان هناك ضعف في اغلب الفرق العراقية بكرة القدم في التهديف وخاصتا لدى فرق منتديات وزارة الشباب والرياضة العراقية بكرة القدم ومن هنا جاءت فكرة الباحث الى إيجاد أداة مضافة الى تمارين خاصة لتطوير مهار

تكمن أهمية البحث في وضع درجات ومستويات معيارية لبعض المتغيرات الجسمية للاعبات الدوري العراقي الممتاز بالكرة الطائرة , أما مشكلة البحث فتتلخص بعدم وجود درجات ومستويات معيارية يمكن الاعتماد عليها لتحديد القياسات الجسمية الخاصة بلاعبات الكرة الطائرة في العراق, ويهدف البحث الى التعرف على مستوى بعض القياسات الجسمية ووضع درجات ومستويات معيارية لها, وتم اختيار المنهج الوصفي بالاسلوب المسحي لملائمته وموضع الدر

The research aims to: build a scale for investment and sports marketing for Iraqi sports clubs, and to identify the role of investment and sports marketing for Iraqi sports clubs from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community was represented by members of the administrative bodies of the clubs of Baghdad Governorate, while the research sample was represented by (25) clubs with a number of members (200) members of the administrative body. The sample was divided into several samples: the exploratory experiment sample (10) members, the construction sample (100) members, and the application sample (9

The research aims to build a scale (multiplicity of sports media) from the point of view of those in charge of managing the security of Iraqi football stadiums and to identify the role of the multiplicity of sports media in security education for sports stadiums, using the descriptive research methodology in the survey method, on the research sample represented by those in charge of managing the security of sports stadiums in football working in (the Iraqi Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Iraqi National Olympic Committee), which amounted to (592) divided into three exploratory samples (10), structural (300), and the main Applied (282), the researcher used the system (SPSS) to process the research data statis

The importance of the study stands out in identifying the impact of the learning style for mastery in the educational process in general and skill learning in particular, through which learners can reach mastery in performing skills equally by giving the appropriate opportunity to all learners and providing sufficient time to learn the required skills, as well as Learners can be given additional time to enable them to acquire the required skills if the specified time is not sufficient The problem of the research lies in the dependence of some teachers in the process of learning the skills of the game of volleyball, including the skill of crushing hitting, educational methods and methods that do not achieve great benefit from the learning

The aim of the research is to study the reality of psychological skills among fencing players aged 17 and above for the central and southern regions for the 2022-2023 season. The researchers used the descriptive method (survey method) to suit the nature of the research problem, and the community is represented by the players of Iraq clubs to duel for the central and southern regions for the 2022-2023 season, which number (111) players The researchers used the questionnaire to collect the necessary data to achieve the research goal by building and applying a psychological skills scale aimed at identifying the reality of psychological skills among fencing players, and the most important findings of the researchers were that the reality of

Research objective: To determine the extent of the impact of vehicle exercises on playing positions in developing some talents for football players aged (16-18) years. The research assumed: that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in physical abilities according to playing positions for football players aged (16-18) years, in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method (by designing two experimental groups and a control group with pre- and post-tests for its suitability and the nature of the problem, to achieve the research objectives). The community of origin (216) was deliberately identified,

هدف البحث إلى إعداد تمرينات تعليمية بأسلوب التعلم بالاستفسار في درس كرة اليد، والتعرف على تأثير هذهِ التمرينات في تحسين الصلابة العقلية وتعلم دقة التصويب البعيد بكرة اليد لدى طلاب الصف الرابع الإعدادي، اذ لحظ الباحث في التدريس الحاجة إلى دعم الصلابة العقلية للمتعلمين الذين يؤدون المهارات بشكلٍ متواصل خلال الجزء التطبيقي من القسم الرئيس من الدرس لزيادة تفاعل الطلاب مع المادة التعليمية المقدمة لهم لاسيما

The importance of research has crystallized in building obstacle running training in order to raise the special physical abilities of female runners in order to achieve success. Then we can find a training method that participates in raising the level of effectiveness for the better. The aim of the research is to identify the special physical abilities and to complete the 400 m hurdles for young women, as well as to Preparing hurdle-running exercises for the different stages of running, and identifying the effect of these exercises on specific physical abilities and achievement. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal control and experimental groups. The research population was determine

تناول البحث العلاقة والأثر بين التسويق الداخلي الممارس من قبل العاملين في الاندية الرياضية العراقية وما يتحقق من ميزة تنافسية تضمن لها البقاء وتحميها من تداعيات الخروج من دائرة المنافسات الرياضية، وقد حاول الباحث عرض تأطير عملي وتحليلي لآراء عينة البحث، خصوصاً وان المتغير المستقل المتمثل بالتسويق الداخلي له اهمية بالغة في تهيئة موارد بشرية ذات قدرات ومهارات عالية قادرين على تحمل المسؤولية وتقديم خ

هدف البحث الى التعرف على طبيعة اتجاهات طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية نحو النشاط الرياضي، والكشف عن دلالة الفروق في اتجاهات الطلبة نحو ممارسة النشاط الرياضي تبعاً لمتغيرات النوع الاجتماعي (ذكر - أنثى)، والتخصص الدراسي (علمي - أدبي) والصف الدراسي (العاشر، والحادي عشر، والثاني عشر). وتم استعمال المنهج الوصفي بأسلوب المقارنة، وتم اختيار مجتمع البحث بالطريقة العشوائية اذ بلغ حجم العينة (1435) طالباً وطالبة، واستعمل الباح

   هدف البحث الى تصميم جهاز مساعد في تعلم أداء مهارة من التعلق المرجحة الخلفية بالخطف للوقوف على اليدين، والتعرف على تأثير الجهاز المساعد في تعلم أداء المهارة وافترض الباحثون ان هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي لمجموعة البحث. واستخدم الباحثون المنهج التجريبي، لملائمته طبيعة البحث. وتم تحديد مجتمع البحث وعينته بالطريقة العمدية وهم لاعبي نادي بغداد ا

 

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على تأثيرات التعلم والكشف عن أفضل تبادل لنسبة انتقال التعلم بين دقة الأداء وسرعة قوة الأداء لمهارة الإرسال المستقيم بالتنس.اشتملت العينة على (30) طالباً من المنتظمين في كلية التربية الرياضية/جامعة بابل للعام الدراسي 2008-2009,تم توزيعهم على (3) مجاميع عشوائياً .المجموعة الأولى تتدرب على تمرينات الدقة أولا ثم التدريب على سرعة قوة الإرسال ثانياً,والمجموعة الثانية تتدرب على تمرينات سر

this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the neuromuscular coupling during maximal load performance (100% maximum performance of one-repetition) in the snatch lift among weightlifters, by using a high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG). The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach that have a correlational nature which included a sample of 12 weightlifters from the Al-Kadhimiya Sports Club with at least five years of training experience. The electrical activity (of the two main muscles involved in the second pull phase of the snatch lift, namely the vastus lateralis and the gluteus maximus), has been  recorded, along with the analysis of motor unit discharge rate and muscle fiber conduction velocity by using an

The Hot Chair strategy is considered one of the cooperative learning strategies that relies on interactive dialogue and discussion among students to enhance cognitive understanding. This study aimed to identify the effect of the Hot Chair strategy on developing cognitive achievement in volleyball rules among female students. The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach using a two-group design (experimental and control) with pre-tests and post-tests. The study sample consisted of 60 female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad during the 2025–2026 academic year. The experimental group included 30 students who were taught using the Hot Chair strategy, while the control group

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of contrast training on the development of muscular power and selected physiological indicators in advanced basketball players. An experimental design with two equivalent groups was employed. The sample consisted of twelve players from Al-Difa’a Al-Jawi Basketball Club, who were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n = 6) and a control group (n = 6). The experimental group followed a contrast training program for eight weeks, with three training sessions per week, while the control group continued their regular training program. The dependent variables included muscular power tests (vertical jump and seated medicine ball throw) and selected physiological indicators (resti

Exclusive drills are acknowledged as good strategies to build physical and tactical condition in players, since they represent gaming situations and are related to the correlation of the physical exercise with training. If these drills are devised for maximum oxygen consumption (VMA), players will be able to exert themselves at or near their competitive intensity and/or work load, which in turn helps develop specific endurance, speed, strength, agility and quick directional change abilities. The research problem arises from the weakness of such capabilities, that are evident in youth players (mainly slow transition between defense and offense, less precision under fatigue). Therefore, tacks were practiced during seven weeks in a

The study aimed to identify the effect of rehabilitation exercises on advanced athletes participating in sports activities who suffer from partial muscle tears in the shoulder joint. The researcher used the experimental method with a one-group design employing pre- and post-measurements, as it suited the nature of the study. The research population was intentionally selected from sports clubs and included athletes aged 20 years and above with partial shoulder muscle tears, while the main sample consisted of five players and an additional two players from the same population were used for the pilot study. The research problem was evident in the high incidence of shoulder injuries among athletes, especially in team sports such as basketbal

The importance of studying the effect of playing simulation exercises in the chest wall and the various defensive moves of handball players (15-18 years old), in an effort to find out the effectiveness of this type of exercise in the development of comprehensive defensive performance, and achieving integration between the skill side and the plans of the juniors, to build a scientific training base that contributes to the preparation of players capable of defensive performance with high efficiency in the later stages, the research problem was summarized by the following question: Does the use of playing simulation exercises contribute to the development of the level of defensive performance, especially in the chest wall and defensive move

The first-class referees officiating the Iraqi Stars League are confronted with a variety of functions they execute during one refereeing season. Referee perform different tasks apart from opposing robots such as Main Referee, Assistant Referee, Fourth Official and Social and Professional Activities. Role conflict in this case may arise from the divergent and highly abstract expec­tations fostered by different role set members. With the incredible technical and competitive progress experienced by Iraqi Stars League and an increase in the amount of first-class referees’ pressure, there arises a pressing necessity to create scientifically based counseling programs that reduces role conflict among referees and develops their cogn

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of strength training program on blood lysine and valine levels in tennis players. 6 players aged 18–20 years were sampled. The training intervention was implemented over 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week. Plasma lysine and valine were determined before and after the training period. Results indicated that the contents of lysine and valine increased evidently following training. The finding also indicated that muscle strength and endurance were significantly improved after the training program. It is possible to infer that the training program was beneficial for lysine and valine levels, muscle strength and tennis endurance in players.

The Paralympic Games are considered the third global sporting event after the Olympic Games and the second World Cup for football, as the Paralympic Games are not sports competitions, but are the embodiment of the spirit of humanity, and the research aims to 1- Analyze and know the most important results of Iraqi Paralympic table tennis achieved globally for the period (2023-2025). 2- Analyzing and knowing the most important factors that contributed to achieving the achievement The historical-analytical method was used, the study population: they are all Iraqi players participating in the Arab, international and Paralympic championships. The study sample: It was selected in a deliberate way and included the medalists accredited in the Ar

The study aimed to analyze the nature of the relationship between decision-making time and the accuracy of shooting by jumping among handball players who are students of the fourth stage at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences to reveal the extent to which cognitive-motor ability contributes to improving offensive skill performance. The study adopted a descriptive approach using the method of relational relationships, and 20 players who were selected deliberately participated. The study used a reaction time system to measure decision time, as well as test the accuracy of shooting from jumping from three specific points within the attack area. The results showed that the Arithmetic mean decision time was 0.828 seconds, whi

           The research seeks to develop an educational curriculum based on Schmidt's Schema Theory for acquiring fundamental tennis skills, implement this curriculum, and assess its impact on the learning of these skills. The researchers employed the experimental technique by configuring the experimental and control groups to align with the nature of the issue. The research sample comprised tennis players aged 11 to 13 years, categorized into a primary experimental group of 20 players, alongside a control group and an experimental group system. The control group comprised 10 participants, and the experimental group also consisted of 10 participants. The exploratory experiment group consisted of three participants, while three

Researchers have shown considerable interest in the idea of organizational climate because of its crucial role in school administration and all school operations. Hence, enhancing it is regarded as a primary duty of school principals, as they bear direct accountability for overseeing the school and its entire operations. Total quality management is a primary method that allows the school administrator to effectively handle administrative tasks with the goal of meeting the needs of instructors, students, staff members, and the community. The significance of the research rests in its attempt to shed light on the value of both organizational climate and total quality management among high school principals. The research seeks to determine t

In sports where technical performance is crucial, quantitative analysis methods have evolved to track skill performance using modern training methods and technology. This helps trainers evaluate training methods and detect performance issues. Coaches and athletes know that preliminary movements improve attack accuracy, but the association between motions (strikes, presses, crushes) and target regions (torso, armed arm, head) has not been thoroughly investigated. Lack of studies on Paralympic fencing's targeted contact regions and ambiguity around the most common preliminary actions highlight the research problem. The study examined epee fencers' successful movement sequences in the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games' final bouts and touch succe

The purpose of this research is to show analysis about the effect of plyo-agility drills on agility and defensive rebound in under 18 female basketball players. It evaluates the effectiveness of such exercises for enhancing defensive speed and reactive agility. A pre-post with experiment group design tested the effects of exercise on 12 players from Al-Hilla Basketball Club through 24 sessions for 8 weeks. finding the agility time decreased from 12.5 to 8.25 sec indicating superior speed and reaction. Defensive rebounding repetition count was 17.17-24.17 showed a higher defensive reaction. In contrast, plyo-agility training markedly improves agility and defensive performance of volleyball players. It is recommended to integra

This study looks into how educational leadership can help build social cohesion in public schools in Lebanon. It digs into different ways that school management can be approached, focusing on creating a culture rooted in peace and citizenship. Method A questionnaire of closed questions was applied to a stratified random sample of 217 school principals, using the descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicated that there is a positive and strong relationship (r = 0.702) between the competence of educational leadership in implementing strategic tools and the level at which social cohesion was promoted. As for current parliamentary leadership activity, it revealed good performance (average 3.40) but was short of the desirable le