النظري: تعتبر الالتهابات وبصورة أكثر تحديدا السيتوكينات الالتهابية مقياسا مهما في تطور مضاعفات السكري كالاصابة بامراض الاوعية الدموية الدقيقة ، بالاضافة لذلك اعتلال الأعصاب ، اعتلال الشبكية و اعتلال الكلية .

الهدف: صممت هذه الدراسة لتقدير العلاقة بين بروتين سي الفعال العالي الحساسية والزلال البولي وأعتبارهما عامل خطورة للاصابة بأمراض القلب بين (30) مريض من

المقدمة: يعتبر  سرطان القولون واحدا من اكثر الاورام الخبيثة شيوعا و انتشارا, و السبب الثاني للوفاة بسبب السرطان في العالم الغربي.

 ينتمي مستقبل عامل النمو البشري الى عائلة ( Erb-B )   مستقبلات التايروسين و يلعب دورا مهما في تطور سرطان القولون و المستقيم.

هدف الدراسة:تحديد نسبة و شكل التعبير المناعي لمستقبلات عامل النمو البشري  في السر

خلفية البحث:-يعتبر الإستعمال العكسي لمادة الكارديوبليجيا واسع الإنتشار في حماية عضلة القلب لعمليات زرع الشرايين التاجية في القلب و مختلف عمليات القلب المفتوح بالإضافة إلى الطريقة التقدمية (الأمامية) لمادة الكارديوبليجيا.

الهدف من البحث:-لتقييم إستعمال الطريقة العكسية لإعطاء مادة الكارديوبليجيا و فوائده في عمليات زرع الشرايين التاجية للقلب في مستشفى إبن ال

Peroxynitrite is one intermediate of reactive nitrogen species with bactericidal and cylotoxic effects. Fluoroquinolones. drugs used for salmonella infections, are interacted v\ith nitrogen species and their baeterieida effect is influenced by these species. This study aims to assess serum peroxynitrite level in patients with enteric (typhoid) fever and. to investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin on serum peroxynitrite level as well as in aqueous buffer solution in vitro. Thirty patients with enteric fever diagnosed clinically and serologically and twenty healthy individuals served as controls were admitted in this study. None of our sample was received anli-salmonellosis agents. Our resu

Background: Maxillary sinusitis is one of the most common infections of humans. Sinusitis can be defined as an inflammation of the membrane lining of any sinus, especially one of the
paranasal sinuses.
Objective: To determine the causative microorganisms of acute maxillary sinusitis.
Patients: Forty five acute sinusitis patients were involved in the present study.
Methods: Sampling methods were per-oral nasopharyngeal swabs.
Results: Haemophilus species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M.catarrhalis) were the most frequent isolates.
Conclusion: The most causative agents of acute maxillary sinusitis were bacterial isolates, which were Haemophilus species followed by S.pne

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) means failure to establish effective spontaneous breathing after complete delivery & leads to many changes if not diagnosed or treated immediately as mental retardation, cerebral palsy and epilepsy.
Objective: to study the demographic and clinical predictors of perinatal outcome in full term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Methods: Forty two neonates were diagnosed as cases of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy by specialist pediatricians & admitted in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital & Al Kut Hospital in the period from January 2008 to March 2009. Predictors studied were sex, birth weight, Apgar scores at 1,5,15 min., meconium

Back ground: Oxidative damage has been suggested to play a key role in accelerating inflammation and to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and
osteoarthritis (OA). Many studies had shown that those patients have low antioxidants level and are at risk of increased oxidative stress.
Objective: This study was designed to examine the levels of serum Total Antioxidant Status (TAS). Malondialdehyde (MDA) as index of lipid peroxidation and C–Reactive Protein (CRP) as a
marker of oxidative stress in patients with RA and OA and compared them with healthy control.
Method: Serum TAS , MDA and CRP levels were measured in 16 RA and 24 OA patients and compare with those obtained from 25 healt

Background : Bronchogenic carcinoma is a common malignancy in iraq and radiotherapy is one of treatment methods for this disease . This study is cytopathological study dealing with
sputum samples for bronchogenic carcinoma before and after radiotherapy .
Objectives : To find morphological changes of the malignant cells as seen in cytopathological examination of the sputum after radiotherapy to the chest .
Patients and Methods : Twenty five patients with a recent diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma presented to the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine for the treatment
in the period between 20th july 2004 and 25th june 2005 , sputum samples were obtained from these patients before and after they r

Background: Cytokines are the messengers of the immune system.They are mostly secreted by macrophages and lymphocytes and their production is induced in response to injury or infections.
Objective: Biopsy speciemens from the middle body of the stomach were obtained from 18 patients with gastric carcinoma, 32 patients with atrophic gastritis, 50 patients with chronic gastritis and 20 healthy subjects and IL-8 and IL-1B levels were detrmined.
Methods: Sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to determine the IL-8 and IL-1B levels.
Results: IL-8 and IL-1B levels were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma patients than patients with atrophic gastritis and both significantly higher than healthy subjects.
C

الخلفية: هناك عدد من أنواع مختلفة من السوائل قد تتراكم في الفضاء الجنبي، وأكثرها شيوعا هي الافرازات (الرقيقة و السميكة) والدم والكيلوس. جميع أنواع الانضباب الجنبي متشابهة في الأشعة السينية، لكن التاريخ المرضي والفحص السريري وغيرها من الميزات الشعاعية تساعد في تحديد إمكانيات التشخيص.و يمكن للاشعة المقطعية CT)) والتصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي ان يساعد على تحديد التشخيص في بعض الاحيان.

خلفية البحث: التهاب الكبد الفابروسي البائي هو مرض خطير يهدد الحياة و يسببه فيروس التهاب الكبد نوع باء .عالميا يجري فحص النساء الحوامل لمعرفة الأصابة بهذا الفايروس في أجزاء كثيرة من العالم، ولكن ما زال دون المستوى الأمثل في المناطق المحدودة الموارد.

الأهداف: للبحث عن معدل الانتشار المصلي للمستضدs  لإلتهاب الكبد البائي في النساء الحوامل اللاتي يراجعن مراكز ا

Background: Deficiency in beta cell mass is the hallmark of most forms of diabetes, it is worthwhile understanding pancreatic regeneration in the context of this disease.Of crucial importance in the development of diabetes, both type I and type II, is the insufficient beta cell replication after the onset of disease.This is why we are always in search of new sources of beta cells to be generated by neogenesis to induce beta cells. In this regard, pancreatic stem or progenitor cells may offer a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes.
Methods and Materials: A total of 60 adults swiss albino rats were divided into two groups. Group I, control group (30 animals) were injected with normal saline into the

Background: Estimation of the in situ expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) in aborted women compared with normal human pregnancy .
Patients and Methods: A technique utilizing in situ hybridization(ISH) was performed to detect and determine the in situ expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA using paraffin embedded sections of curettage samples obtained from 42 women, who were divided into two groups: 30 women with first trimester abortion and 12 women with induced abortion as control.
Results: The levels of the in situ expression of both Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA were found to be highly significant increased in group 1 as compared with group 2
(p<0.01), with a significant positive correla

الخلفية :المرضى الذين غرز لهم جهاز الرجفان القلبي عادة ماتعتريهم بعض المشاكلَ النفسيةَ كالاكتآب والقلق، والكرب. ولتحقيق النفعِ الكاملةِ للجهاز، يَجِبُ على المرضى الابقاء على الحالة النفسيةَ بمستوى جيد.

الاهداف: الأهداف الرئيسية لهذه الدراسةِ هي تحديد المشاكل النفسية للمرضى البالغين مع جهاز الرجفان القلبي المغروز وكذلك إيجاد العلاقة بين المشاكل النفسية (ا

المقدمة:

يعتبر اعتلال النخاع من اهم العواقب  الناتجة عن داء الفقار الرقبية و المسبب لاغلب حالات الشلل الجزئي و/ أو الشلل الرباعي الغير ناتج عن التعرض لاذى خارجي. ان الخاصية الكهربائية للحبل الشوكي و استعداده للتعرض للاصابات جعل الفحوص الكهروفسلجية ذات صلة في معالجة اعتلال النخاع الناتج عن  داء الفقار الرقبية. تعتبر فحوص الجهود البدنية-الحسية المثارة هي تقييم موض

Background: The hippocampus is empirically assumed to have different functions, of which the best known are: the representation of self-location in cognitive dimensions, and the storage and retrieval of memory.
Materials and methods: Eleven adult male albino rats were used. Brain specimens were processed into paraffin blocks, sectioned (10 μm thick), and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin, and Luxol Fast Blue MBS counterstained with Cresyl Violet. Morphometric analysis was done through eyepiece micrometers.
Results: The lamellae of the hippocampus were morphometrically evaluated in context of embryogenesis and nerve fiber content.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the existence of differences in nerve

Background: Gliomas are brain tumours of supporting tissue of the brain. The management of low grade glioma is still a great debate ranges from just follow up to extensive surgery followed by DXT, with or without chemothery.
Patients and Methods: 282 patients taken from neuro-surgical hospital between 1980-1990, divided to 3 groups with different modality of management & follow up for 15 years.
Results: the five years survival and symptomatic improvement was higher in the group managed by extensive surgery and DXT with or without cytoxic drugs followed by group managed by biopsy and DXT with or without cytoxic.
Conclusion: management of low grade glioma symptoms & out come (survival) is best by extensive surgery & DX

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common human pathogens and considered as one of the causative agents of STDs. This organism cause acute and recurrent pelvic infections and infertility.
Patients and Methods: Two hundred and seventy three females were included in the present study, attending infertility department, AL-Elwiya hospital, AL-Jarah private hospital, central public health laboratory and STDs clinic to whom IFAT, ELAF and immunoglobulins concentration were done.
Results: Females were divided into three age groups <20; 20-39 and ≥40 years. Single and repeated abortions were 44.9%, 55.1% respectively. Primary and secondary infertility were 55.6% and 44.4%. Higher abortio

Background: Intestinal parasites are endemic in many developing areas (WHO report 1998), and they considered as one of the most common tropical disease in developing countries ranges between 30-60 % .
Patients and Methods: The present study is a survey to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in out and in patients of Al-karama hospital during the period from Jan 1999 to Nov. 2000. Stool samples examination was the test in establishing the results of the present study by direct microscopic examination. Q –square statistic test were used for evaluation the results.
Results: Results of the present study reveled that the most affected group of patients’ with intestinal parasites, those with

Background: Cytokines have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes in a number of studies, and playing a role in the initiation of β-cell damaging process. The objective of this study is to gain more understanding about the role of cytokines in initiation of T1DM, through assessment of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 in diabetic patients.
Patients and methods: A total of 60 patients who were newly diagnosed as having T1DM (diagnosed less than five months) were included in the present study. Fifty apparently healthy control subjects were underwent the measurement of serum IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 by ELISA.
Results: Higher serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and Il-6 were observed in the investigated

الخلفية : التغيرات التي تحدث في في قابلية التخثر و النزف  قد بينت في مرضى فقر دم البحر المتوسط  نوع ب زيادة وقت البروثرومبين و البروثرومبين الجزئي و نقصان مستوى عوامل التخثر و مضادات التخثر الطبيعية قد بينت بصور مختلفة عن طريق الية تشمل زيادة قابلية حدوث خثرة دموية في بعض مرضى فقر دم  البحر المتوسط و اصبحت واضحة تماما .

الاهداف : لتحليل التغيرات في قابلية التخثر و

الخلفيه:Stathmin1 المعروف أي ًضا باسم metablastin )هو بروتين رئيسي إلزالة البلمرة في األنابيب الدقيقة ، يشارك في تقدم دورة الخلية وحركة
الخلية. تم العثور على Stathmin1 في بعض أنواع السرطان ومرتبط بتمايز الخاليا وتكاثرها
Stathmin1 هو بروتين فسفوري خلوي رئيسي ينظم ديناميكيات األنابيب الدقيقة ويرتبط باألنماط الظاهرية الخبيثة في أنواع مختلفة من السرطان ، بما
في ذلك سرطان الرئة ذو الخاليا غير الصغيرة.
المواد واألساليب

Background: Knowledge about the clinical problems during the fast of Ramadan is important in order to opens the way to further research aimed at discovering the significance of Ramadan fasting in patients with heart disease.
Patients and Methods: Eighty-six outpatients with heart disease with intention to fast were studied in the month of Ramadan 2010 (1430 H) at the Ibn Al-bitar Hospital. Detailed clinical and biochemical assessments were performed within 3 days before the start of Ramadan and then on the last day of Ramadan.
Results: There were 54 (62.8%) males and 32 (37.2%) females with a mean age of 56.3 years (range, 17-84 ). Forty-six patients (53%) had coronary artery disease, 23 patients (27%)

خلفية علمية: جراحة الغدة الدرقية شهدت العديد من التغيرات خلال العقدين الماضيين، بما في ذلك إدخال تقنيات جراحية جديدة مثل اجراء العملية بالمنظار واستخدام الهارمونك ، طرق متقدمة في التخدير ومراقبة الأعصاب أثناء العملية

الهدف من الدراسة: تقييم فعالية وسلامة الهارمونك فوكس في اجراء عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية بالمقارنة مع الطرق التقليدية.

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis has long been recognized as a cause of infectious vaginitis in women different studies have demonstrated a significant burden of the parasite to cause urethritis as well. It has been assumed that the localization of parasite in the urethra may be responsible for the recurrence of vaginal infection.
Aim: To evaluate the infection rate of urethral trichomoniasis and to evaluate two different laboratory’ methods used in the diagnosis.
Methods: The present study consisted of420female patients presented with vaginal discharge with or without itching or disorient, investigated for urethral trichomoniasis who were compared to 50 females represented the control group.
Each female M’as asked to colle

Neonatal mortality is an indicator to assess maternal and neonatal care.1 Iraq has been suffering from wars, economic hardship, terrorism and internal displacement for last 4 decades.2 The impact of such suffering on health was reported.3 However, the impact of terrorism on health infrastructure which in turn manifested in neonatal mortality was neglected. This study carried out to demonstrate the effect of war against terrorism on neonatal mortality in Iraq.

المقدمة : ان سرطان الدم اللمفاوي الحاد هو اكثر الامراض السرطانيه حدوثا في الاطفال، الذي يعالج باستخدام العلاج الكيمياوي فقط. الثايوبيورين هو دواء اساسي في كل الطرق الحديثة المتفق عليها لمعالجة سرطان الدم اللمفاوي، حيث يعمل كعامل مضاد للسرطان ولفتره طويله من العلاج، وقد يؤدي هذا الى التسمم الدوائي عند هؤلاء الاطفال ويعود السبب الى قلة فعالية انزيم الثايوبيورين ميثايل ترانسفيريز والذ

Background: vomiting is a very common symptom of disease in childhood, it occurs both in gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases.
Objectives: Our aim of the study was to find out the causes of vomiting in different age group, the improper management of vomiting in daily practice and to emphasis on the usefulness of imaging study in the diagnosis.
Methods: A prospective study was carried out on patients presented with vomiting admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital from the first of Dec. 2001 to the end of April 2002 .The age ranged between early neonatal periods to 12 years of age.
Reults: A total of 100 child were included in this study,(65) male (35) female male to female ratio 

نبذة: التشخيص المبكر والعلاج من الأورام الخبيثة  للمبيض مصحوبان بتنبؤات حياتية جيدة. التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي له درجة عالية من الدقة في التصنيف المبكر لاورام المبيض.

الهدف من الدراسة: لتحديد دقة التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي في تشخيص الأورام الخبيثة في المبيض بالمقارنة مع التشريح المرضي كاختبار ذهبي.

المرضى وطرق البحث: تم تقيي

Background: Ovulation induction by human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) results in temporal luteal phase defect. Luteal support therapies are required to support embryo implantation in stimulated cycle especially in luteal phase defect infertile women. 
Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of progesterone, aspirin and HCG on human embryo implantation in women with luteal phase defect following ICSI and embryo transfer (ET).
Patients and Methods: The female patients were divided into six groups depending on the type of the luteal support protocols (LSP). Group 1 (No= 54), received 10 mg oral progesterone (P), group 2 (No= 35) received P plus HCG