الخلفية العلمية: تزايد العديد من الادوية المضادة للسمنة في السنوات الاخيرة وذلك لحل مشكلة السمنة، من ضمن هذه الادوية كبسولات منحف الجسم الاخضرالتي تحتوي في تركيبها بعض النباتات الخضر ومستخلص الفواكه. صممت هذه الدراسة لتقييم تأثيرات التجريع الفموي اليومي لهذا العقار في مستوى دهون المصل، اختبارات الوظيفة الكلوية، والتركيب النسجي للكلية في الجرذان البيض.

الخلفية :تعتبر الحالة المؤكدة من عدوى فايروس ( H1N1 ) لشخص يعاني من أعراض تشبه الإنفلونزا ويؤكد الفحص المختبري وجود فايروس ( H1N1 ) عن طريق فحص تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل - الوقت الحقيقي RT- PCR أو زرع الفيروس .

 أهداف الدراسة : لتحديد الخواص الديموغرافية والوبائية والسريرية لإنفلونزا H1N1 في الأطفال الذين أدخلوا المستشفى يعانون من اعراض الانفلونزااثناء فترة الوباء.

الخلفية: الإنتان الجرثومي في الأطفال حديثي الولادة سبب مهم ومتكرر للمراضة والوفيات في الأطفال الحديثي الولادة بالأخص في الدول النامية وحديثي الولادة قليلي الوزن .

الهدف : هدف الدراسة هو لتحديد العلامات السريرية, عوامل الخطر,المصاحبة للإنتان في الحديثي الولادة ولتقييم نسبة الوفيات الناتجة من الإنتان في الحديثي الولادة وعلاقته مع الوزن عند الولادة, عمر الحمل,بداية الإنتان ,نوع

Background: Aphaeresis is a term that means to separate or to take away. The basic idea of aphaeresis is efficient removal of a circulating cellular blood component, either cells (Cytopheresis) or plasma solute (plasmapheresis, plasma exchange).Thus, the treatment goal of aphaeresis is to remove the circulating cell or substance directly responsible for the disease process. Acceleration and development of aphaeresis applications had taken place with the arrival of automated cell separators in 1970s that ensure selectively removal of one or more of blood components from the blood and return the remainder to the individual. Plasmapheresis is separation of plasma from blood cells which are returned to the body.

Background: Cervical erosion (CE) is a common finding on routine pelvic examination during the fertile years. Published articles on CE in Iraq are scarce; therefore this study was carried out.
Methods: A total of 100 non pregnant women had CE attending a private clinic in Al-Sader city, Baghdad, was included in this study. Pelvic examination was done; demographic data and gynaecological history were obtained.
Results: The age of women was 27.1 ± 5.9 years with 7.3 ±2.9 educational years. Mucopurlent vaginal discharge was a complaint in 49% of women, and a watery vaginal discharge was a complaint in a similar percent. Thirty four of women were oral contraceptive users and 11% were using intrauterine c

Background: The purpose of the study is to determine whether the pre-treatment clinical systemic variables and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) findings are associated with the subsequent response to the intravitreal Bevacisumab (IVB) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME).
Patients and Methods: 38 patients (45 eyes) with refractory diabetic macular edema. ; 16 females, 22 males and mean age was 57.5 year. All patients had DME not responded to other treatments. Complete eye examination; BCVA* (represented as LOGMAR for adequate statistical analysis), slitlamp exam, intraocular pressure measurement, stereoscopic biomicroscopy of the macula, and morphologic patterns of diabetic macular edema demonstra

Background; this study is designed to assess the effect of religious and spiritual beliefs on quality of life among two groups of university students in Iraq and Jordan.
Objective: to examine the psychological impact of religious and spiritual beliefs on quality of life and to implement the Quality of Life- Spiritual Religious and Personal Beliefs(QOL-SRPB)
questionnaire for the first time in both countries .
Method :A convenient sample of advanced medical students from Baghdad college of Medicine in Iraq and College of Medicine in University of Science and Technology in Jordan recruited during April 2008 to complete 200 forms of the Arabic modified version of QOL-SRPB simultaneously.
Results: Analysis of

Background: Dysentery is an important cause of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea. About 10% of all diarrheal episodes in children less than 5 years are dysenteric, but these cause about 15% of all deaths attributed to diarrhea.
Objective : To demonstrate the most common pathogens causing bloody diarrhea in children between 2 months and 5 years old, to describe some of the associated factors accompanying bloody diarrhea and to highlight the most important clinical features.
Patients and methods: A descriptive study of 82 children, between the age of 2 months to 5 years with bloody diarrhea, who were admitted to the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital/ Medical City/Baghdad during the period betw

Background: The electrocardiographic QT interval has been extensively studied in diabetes mellitus. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the relationship between diabetes and QT abnormalities .The QT interval, which is easily obtained from a standard resting electrocardiogram( ECG), reflected the total duration of ventricular myocardial depolarization and repolarization. The heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) by Bazett's formula on the electrocardiogram has been proposed as a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias in diabetes mellitus. Dispersion of QT(QTd) is defined as the difference between maximum and minimum QT interval QT interval on 12 lead ECG, which reflected spatial ventricular

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is an important complication of diabetes mellitus. It is supposed that elevated sialic acid in diabetes mellitus plays an important role in diabetic retinopathy. This study investigated serum total sialic acid levels related to glycemic control, blood pressure, retinopathy, and serum lipid level in diabetic retinopathy patients.
Patients & Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients aged (56.47±10.68) years were recruited for the study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 132 diabetic subjects of whom 79 without retinopathy and 53 were diabetic with retinopathy. All the blood samples were processed for serum total sialic acid (TSA), fasting serum glucose (FSG), HbA

Background: Uncontrolled tumor cell proliferation is a reality in tumor cells, and the progression from a normal cell into a transformed cell probably includes genetic events affecting checkpoints in the cell cycle machinery.
Materials and methods: This study investigated the immunoexpression of p16INK4a in the paraffin sections from 43-cancers of colorectal tissue (CRC),26-hyperplastic polyps and adenomas(CRHPA) and 35-normal tissues (CRN),using immunohistochemical assay. We correlated the expression patterns with tumor histopathological type, site of the tumor, distance metastasis according to the TNM system.
Results: In colorectal cancer (CRC) patients’ p16INK4a,immunoexpression was detected in 32

Background: Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture resulting from permanent, nonprogressive defect or lesion of the immature brain. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common clinical type which is difficult to diagnose clinically in the early years of life. This study was conducted to identify the changes in the H-reflex excitability in children with spastic cerebral palsy as compared to normal children.
Methods: The excitability of the monosynaptic H-reflex pathway was tested in 36 children with spastic cerebral palsy during waking by calculation of the H-reflex wave amplitude with the ratio of maximal H /maximal M response amplitudes and compared with 32 normal children of the matching age.

Background: Cholestatic Jaundice is a dilemma facing not only the primary care provider but also the specialist pediatricians in our country.
Subjects & methods: Analysis of 50 cases of cholestatic jaundice aged 3 weeks- 18 months were carried out over 18 months in the Gastroenterology & Hepatology unit in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical City, and Baghdad. Clinical, biochemical, radiological and histopathological results were recorded.
Results: Fifty patients with Cholestatic Jaundice, 28 males &22 females, were evaluated. The main causes of Cholestatic Jaundice were Biliary Atresia in 22 cases (44%)(the mean age of presentation was 4.1 months ), and Neonatal Hepatitis Syndr

الخلاصه :

ذات الرئه المكتسبه مجتمعيا واحده من اهم الالتهابات التنفسيه المسببه للوفاه. لذا استحدث هذا المعيار للسرعه تصنيف وتشخيص الالتهابات الصدريه لضمان سرعه التشخيص واعطاء القرار الصائب في العلاج السريع, لتجنب المضاعفات الخطيره للمرض .

الغرض من الدراسه: لبيان مدى فاعليه استخدام معيار الكيرب 65 في تقيم وتشخيص شده الاصابه بالتهاب ذات الرئه المكتسبه مجتمعيا لد

Background: the first stage ,labour is divided into early (latent phase )when uterine contractions are irregular and cervical effacement and dilatation are gradual, while the active phase of labour commences when cervical dilatation reaches (4) cm .and uterine contractions are more powerful . Our aim from this study is to see the effect of the timing of admission to labour room on mode of delivery and foetal outcome.
Patients and method: 240 nulliparous women at term pregnancy were diagnosed as labour pain and admitted to Baghdad Teaching Hospital from the first of January to the end of December 2006, they were followed during their course of labour to see the effect of admission to the labour room in&nbs

الخلفية العلمية: دوكسوروبيسين هو واحد من الادوية المضادة للسرطان الأكثر نشاطا في الاستخدام الحالي، حيث له تأثير قوي جدا في علاج الأورام الخبيثة المختلفة إما يستخدم وحده أو مع ادوية أخرى، فعالية هذا الدواء المضادة للورم تؤدي بنفس الوقت الى تأثير سام لخلايا عضلة القلب,  الكبد, الكلى وتثبيط نقي العظم.

الأهداف: - تم تصميم هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير دوكسوروبيسين ع

Background: The problem of excessive alcohol consumption is a major cause of public health concern in most countries of the world today. Royal Colleges of Physicians and Psychiatrists recommended that every inpatient should be screened with a questionnaire for alcohol related problems. Therefore, this work was carried out to report on alcoholism in the emergency unit in two general hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq.
Methods: The study was carried out in Al-Sader general hospital (Al-Sader city, Baghdad) and Baghdad teaching hospital (Baghdad) for the period 1st July 2008 to 1st May 2009. Data collection was two days per week. Version of 25 items Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and semi-structured 

Background: Although studies regarding the role of religious beliefs in psychological well being are relatively recent, the importance of people’s religiousness and spirituality for their health status has been widely acclaimed based on hundreds of published studies.
Patients and Methods: The Arabic Modified version of WHOQOL-SRPB (World health organization quality of life-spirituality, religiosity and personal belief) questionnaire was self
administered to a systematic random sample of 100 fifth year medical students.
Results: Around a quarter (21-28%) of subjects perceived religiousness as very to extremely important. This percentage raised to 38% for spirituality and further to 61% for personal believes.

Background: The breast function as a secretory gland during pregnancy and lactation due to the interaction of estrogen, progesterone and other pituitary hormones.

Background: P53 is an important tumor marker in many malignancies, the P53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle.

الخلفية العلمية: استنادا الى ان عدوى المستشفيات هي من المضاعفات الخطيرة في وحدات الحروق، فيكون تسمم الدم الجرثومي في المرضى الذين يعانون من الحروق الشديدة هو السبب الرئيسي للوفاة، وان تطبيق برنامج السيطرة على العدوى يساعد في خفض معدلات عدوى المستشفيات ومعدل الوفيات اللاحقة في مركز الحروق.

الهدف: إظهار تأثير تدابير السيطرة على العدوى في خفض معدل عدوى المستشفيات في مركز الحروق التابع

Background: Civil violence in Iraq has reached an epidemic level during the last few years, and an increasing number of urological injuries were faced in dealing with unprotected civilians who were exposed daily to violence in streets, at homes, and at work. Bladder injuries are an example of injuries which were faced rarely before but increasingly now, if not dealt with properly such injuries may end with serious morbidity and even crippling, on the other hand proper management will greatly decrease morbidity and mortality of such injuries.
Patients and method: over the period from March 2004 to June 2005 all the patients triaged to the emergency unit of Medical City with genitourinary trauma were includ

Background: Malnutrition is an adverse prognostic factor in the outcome of children with standard risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia due to a significantly higher rate of bone marrow relapse in the malnourished patients. The event free survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in developed countries has increased substantially in the last two decades as treatment with intensive protocols has brought the estimated probability of event free survival at 5 years close to 75%. Although the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has also been improved in underdeveloped countries, the figures for event free survival are lower, even when aggressive protocols are used. Unfavorable socioeconomic fa

الخلفية: سورافينيب هو مثبط متعدد للكيناز عن طريق الفم تم منحه الموافقة من قبل إدارة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية لعلاج المرضى الذين تم تشخيص إصابتهم بسرطان الخلايا الكبدية وسرطان الخلايا الكلوية المتقدم. ومع ذلك ، قد يوفر قياس جودة الحياة والأعراض التي أبلغ عنها المريض مزيدًا من المعلومات لتقييم ومقارنة فعالية العلاج وملامح السمية أثناء علاج السرطان. على الرغم من الأهمية الحاسمة لنوعية حياة المرضى أ

الخلفية: متلازمة تكيس المبايض هي اضطراب الغدد الصماء الأكثر شيوعًا لدى النساء في سن الإنجاب.  النساء المصابات بهذه المتلازمة اكثرتعرضا للإصابة بمضاعفات مثل ارتفاع مستوى الدهون في الدم  وارتفاع ضغط الدم والسمنة.  السمنة هي حالة من تراكم الدهون المفرط الذي يؤدي إلى تطور مضاعفات متعددة بما في ذلك داء السكري من النوع ۲ ومرض الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية. بودوكاليكسين هو أحد ا

المقدمة :يعد سرطان المثانة من بين أكثر أنواع السرطانات انتشارًا في جميع أنحاء العالم، حيث تم الإبلاغ عن 549,393 حالة جديدة في عام 2018 وما يقرب من ٪3 من جميع تشخيصات السرطان الجديدة و ٪2.1 من جميع وفيات السرطان ناتجة عن سرطان المثانة البولية.

الاهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف كفاءة وظائف الجهاز البولي بواسطة اجراء اختبارات وظائف الكلى ومستويات الايونات لمرضى سرطان المثا

 Background :The retroperitoneal tumors is usually confined to lesions arising from tissues (muscles, fat, lymph nodes, nerves, and, developmental remnant) of this compartment but excluding origin from the retroperitoneal organs (panaceas, kidney, ureters and adrenals). The aim of the study is to focus a light on the types of retroperitoneal tumors, ways of the investigations and the presentations.
Methods :A prospective review study of 25 patients with retroperitoneal tumors has been collected in the Medical City Teaching Hospitals During the period between Jan 2001 to Mar 2004. The data included age, gender, risks factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities and results of histopathology.
Results :14 males (56%) a

Back ground: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death allover the world especially in the developed countries. Each year approximately one million veterans aged 50 and older will develop colorectal cancer over the remainder of their lives and nearly 433,000 will die from it. Because most cancers are diagnosed after local or regional spread, nearly half of all patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer will die lWarly detection and management definitely decrease mortality.
Patient and methods: This is a prospective study on fifty patients with colorectal cancer admitted at the first surgical unit in Baghdad teaching hospital since March 2000 till March 2003 The data collected from those fifty patients were analyzed accor

Background: Primary myelofibrosis is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal megakaryocyte proliferation and fibrosis that destroys healthy bone marrow. This results in extramedullary hematopoiesis, variable blood cell deficiencies, hepatosplenomegaly, general symptoms, progression to leukemia, and a reduced lifespan. Myelofibrosis can occur as a de novo myeloproliferative neoplastic disorder or evolve from other myeloproliferative neoplasms, including Polycythemia Vera or Essential Thrombocytosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-protein-coding RNA molecules, typically 18–24 nucleotides in length. Dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to the disease phenotype.

Background: