Abstract

Back ground: Renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon condition that develops during pregnancy. Due to a lack of conventional norms and a dearth of literature, its management is a serious issue.

Case presentation: We will discuss a case study of a twenty-year-old female girl who is pregnant G1 P1 A0, has had five missing periods (20 weeks gestation), and has frank hematuria due to a massive, incidentally detected renal cell carcinoma. We also go through the current guidelines for treating kidney malignancies during pregnancy, as well as the imaging studies that are now available.

Conclusion: Although the best time for surgery is debatable, a mult

لخلفية:الجوافة، هو نبات استوائي غني بالعديد من المكونات الكيميائية النباتية وله العديد من الاستطبابات التقليدية التي حددتها الدراسات السابقة. ينتمي نبات الجوافة إلى الفصيلة الآسية، أفادت العديد من الدراسات السابقة عن نشاط دوائي خاص ضد العديد من خطوط الخلايا السرطانية. الأهداف : تركز هذه الدراسة على عزل المركبات الفينولية من أوراق الجوافة المزروعة حديثاً في العراق وتقييم النشاط السام للخلايا لمستخل

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction, and physicians use different methods to investigate it to reach a definite diagnosis. 

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are clinical differences between grade II and IV adenoid hypertrophy and whether there is a positive correlation between adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and endoscopic examination findings.

Methods: This study was carried out on 120 patients; they were confirmed with five clinical tests (graded mirror, water-retention, lip-seal, deep-breath, and functional tests) and lateral cephalometric radiographs to measure the adenoid-na

الخلفية :- سرطان الثدي هو اكثر الاوراماصابةللنساء بعد سرطان الجلد وتعتبر العوامل التنبؤية مهمة في تحديد فترة خلو المريض من المرض و في تحديد الفترة التي يتوقع للمريض ان يعيشها 

الهدف من الدراسة: هو تسجيل العوامل التنبؤية لمرضى سرطان الثدي ودراسة العلاقة بين هذة العوامل 

المواد وطرائق العمل :- لقد شملت هذة الدراسة 87 مريضة مصابة بسرطان الثدي وهم تحت العلاج ال

Background:

Background: Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is the best way to provide high-quality and safe healthcare for the patient, reduce costs and length of hospital stay, as well as increase job satisfaction of the staff. However, many factors may hinder the achievement of interprofessional collaboration (IPC), and these need to be determined. 
Objective(s): Determining the national status of interprofessional team collaboration among healthcare team members, including nurses, physicians, and clinical pharmacists, in Critical Care Units, and examining the statistical difference between the professional qualities of the subjects and their levels of interprofessional team collaboration, are the goals o

Background: Hepatitis A virus, a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Picornaviridae, is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. The World Health Organization reports about 1.5 million hepatitis A cases annually, with the incidence rates closely linked to socioeconomic conditions. This vaccine-preventable disease is the focus of our research.

Objectives: The current research aimed to elucidate the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcomes of hepatitis A in Iraq, highlighting the importance of appropriate preventive measures.

Methods: It wasconducted as a retrospective cohort study from January 2019 to July 10, 2022, and a prospective cohort study from July

خلفية: يعد مرض بهجت (BD) أحد الأمراض المناعية الذاتية التي تصيب أجهزة متعددة في الجسم، ويتميز بفترات غير متوقعة من التفاقم والهدوء. يُعتقد أن فيتامين د هو عامل بيئي رئيسي يمكن أن يزيد من احتمالية الإصابة بالعديد من الاضطرابات الالتهابية والمناعة الذاتية، مثل مرض بهجت.

الاهداف: تقييم تأثير العلاج الطبي ومؤشر كتلة الجسم (BMI) على فيتامين D3 وبعض مؤشرات الإجهاد التأكسدي (الجلوتاثيون، أكسيد النيتريك) في اللعاب و

Background:

خلفية البحث: التهاب البنكرياس الحاد هو حالة التهابية حادة. إنه ليس مرضا غير شائع ، في كل من البلدان المتقدمة والنامية ، يسبب ارتفاع معدلات المراضة والوفيات ، وينطوي على عبء اقتصادي ثقيل. التهاب البنكرياس الحاد الشديد موجود في 25٪ من مرضى التهاب البنكرياس الحاد ، مع وفيات كبيرة. ساهمت التغييرات في علاج التهاب البنكرياس الحاد في العقدين الماضيين في خفض معدل الوفيات. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى مر

Background: Insulin produced by pancreatic β cells ceases in people with type1 diabetes mellitus, an endocrine disease caused by autoimmune damage. It can cause weight loss. Energy balance controls the secretion of ghrelin, a peptide hormone made by entering endocrine cells found in the oxyntic glands of the stomach fundus. 

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ghrelin and body mass index in newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The study involved 120 pediatric participants aged 2-14 years conducted from February to May 2024. They were divided into four groups: group 1 contains 40 lean patients with type 1 d

Background: Birth defects are the leading cause of both neonatal and post-neonatal deaths, as an estimated 240,000 neonates die in their first month of life worldwide each year. In Iraq, local studies have shown varying frequencies and types of congenital anomalies.

Objectives: To provide a new insight into the incidence and types of congenital anomalies and to explore their possible risk factors in Baghdad City.
Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 2007 neonates were enrolled from six hospitals in Baghdad during the period extending between September and December 2020. Hospital records and personal interviews were used for data collection. These d

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm typically presents in young children, younger than 5 years, as a pulmonary and/or pleural-based tumor. We reported a case of type-II pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in an 8 month old infant who presented to Al-Khansa'a Maternity Hospital in Western Mosul with a history of repeated attacks of shortness of breath and signs of pulmonary infection unresponsive to treatment. A bronchoscopic examination showed a mass involved and obstructed the orifice of the main bronchial tree of the right upper lung lobe. A thoracotomy was performed; tumor involved the right upper lung lobe, the covering pleural surface and invading the mediastinal structures. Right

خلفية: لقد استخدمت دراسات وراثية خلوية لتقييم التعرض للمادة مسرطنة أو مطفرة والآثار في وقت مبكر في ضبط والمهنية البيولوجية والبيئية. عدوى بكتيرية لم تقليديا تعتبر الأسباب الرئيسية ASA من السرطان. وقد تم ربط البكتيريا لسرطان بواسطة آليتين: تحريض من التهاب مزمن وإنتاج الأيضات البكتيرية المسببة للسرطان.

الهدف: لأن مفاهيم جديدة في العلاقة مع الأورام الخبيثة عدوى معينة يتم تنفيذ هذه

Background: Several factors render chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been widely studied.
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of CLL and its role in disease progression.
Patients, materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (45 males & 15 females) compared with 20 controls (anemic patients), all recr

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal expansion of plasma cells. Previous studies had demonstrated that both bone marrow angiogenesis as measured by microvessel density (MVD) and PCNA were increased in variety of malignant disorders, including multiple myeloma.
Objective: Assessment of angiogenesis in bone marrow of MM patients by using immunohistochemical stain to measure microvessel density (MVD) using factor VIII –related antigen and to evaluate the expression of PCNA antigen in plasma cells of MM bone marrow sections . Also to find the correlation between these two parameters and between them and the percentage of plasma cells infiltration in bone marrow of MM.
Patients, materia

Background: Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common cancer worldwide, it accounts for 6.5% of all cancers, with highest incidence in industrialized countries .It represents the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth in women. Bladder carcinoma depends in its pathogenesis on a combination of genetic and environmental factors, these factors produce phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous and finally acquire the “malignant phenotype".  Many attempts had been tried to explore the role of some genetic abnormalities encountered in bladder carcinoma. It has indicated that many genetic abnormalities may underline the pathogenesis of cancer evolution of urinary

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common rheumatologic syndrome with multiple manifestations and associated with many diseases, it characterized by chronic wide
spread muscular pain and tenderness. Resistin is an adipokine discovered in 2001 and considered as a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes by antagonizing and resisting the
action of insulin as it name encompass ;resistin (resist insulin) . It is secreted mainly from adipose tissue in mice and from white blood cells besides the adipose tissue in humans.
Research reviled that resistin has a role in some inflammatory diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
Objective: The objective of this study is to measure Resistin concentration and

Background typhoid fever is the commonest cause of non traumatic terminal ileal perforation in our study with a grave postoperative morbidity & mortality depending upon preoperative time delay &/or type of surgical intervention practiced. 
Objective to evaluate the frequency of non traumatic causes of terminal ileal perforation, their presentations,perforation-operation interval effect on complications, as well as different modalities of treatment and their complications.
Methods the study is a prospective study of 82 patients with perforation of terminal ileum diagnosed by explorative laparatomy in Al Kindy teaching hospital ,Baghdad, Iraq from April 2008- December 2010, all of the patien

Background: Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgeries, and changes in intraocular pressure might occur after cataract surgery, and some postoperative medications might affect it.

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug bromfenac 0.09% ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification surgery and report any side effects of the drug.

Patient and Method: This is a prospective study done in an ophthalmic center in Iraq involving adult patients with senile or iatrogenic cataracts prepared for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and were divided into two groups:

Background: Most individuals with inflammatory arthritis are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is an immunological disorder characterized by the development of autoantibodies, particularly anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies, which play a significant role in initiating inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that the production of cytokines contributes to the progression and dissemination of RA.

Objectives: To assess the predictive capability of Interleukin 41 (IL-41) compared with ACCP and its correlation with disease activity and treatment response in a group of Iraqi patients afflicted with RA.

Methods: One hundred patients with RA

Background: Until today, the etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains unknown, although hints of its etiologic basis lay on genetic susceptibility, infectious agents and alterations in immune mechanics.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible alterations in salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) level in patients with RAS and its relation with clinical types of disease.
Subjects and Methods: Salivary TNF-α levels were investigated in 50 RAS patients and 25 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Single radial immune diffusion method was used for estimation of IgA level in two studied groups.
Results: S

المقدمة :يعتبر المفراس الحلزوني الطريقة الاولى لفحص المرضى الذين يعانون من الصمم الولادي لاستطاعته التعرف على التشوهات الخلقية للاذن الداخلية التي من الممكن ان تكون مسؤولة عن الصمم الولادي. 

الهدف:لعَرْض حالاتِ شذوذ الأذن الداخلية الموضَحة في المفراس الحلزوني في الأطفالِ المصابين بالصمم الخلقي ولتَقييم اهمية المفراس الحلزوني للتنبؤِ بزرعِ القوقعة.وكذلك لتَقييم مدى حدوث

الخلفية : تعتبر انخفاض نسبة الكالسيوم من المضاعفات الشائغة بعد عمليات استئصال الغدة الدرقية .وفي معظم الاجيان يكون ذلك الانخفاض مؤقتا وليس دائميا .وتعتمد نسبة حدوثه على الحجم المستئصل من الغدة الدرقية وطبيعة الحالة المرضية للغدة وفيما اذا تم عقد الشريان السفلي المغذي للغدة الدرقية ام لا .

الغرض: ان الغاية من البحث هو تحديد نسبة انخفاض الكالسيوم في بعد اجراء ع

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common disease associated with pregnant women due to several anatomical and hormonal changes in pregnant women lead to ureteral dilatation and urinary infection, many of microorganisms such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria have numerous virulence factors that enhance their ability to colonize in pregnant women. Some bacteria have resistance toward many antimicrobial agents for treatment has led to therapeutic difficulties worldwide, in order that many investigators try to test fungal extract to reduce bacterial infection.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of extract of Calvatia craniiformis on different types of bacteria which wa

Background: The plant (Khat) contains at least 40 types of alkaloids. It has an adrenergic like effect especially on the heart one of these alkaloid is cathedulins group which has molecular height of 600- 1200mm.I/L. it is used frequently mainly at the African horn region (e.g. yemen). This plant alkaloids used by people in form of bands (each band is about 50gm, two bands 100gm and so on).
Patients and methods: Three groups of Patients have been included in this study. Group A: (30) patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, Group B: (50) patients with history of ischemic heart disease with clinical presentation of ischemic cardiomyopathy and Group C: (80) cases (50 cases of ischemic cardiomyopathy, 30 cases

ماذا يحكم ارجاع فرفره أذين القلب الى النبض الطبيعي المباشر أو المتأخر؟                                                               

 د. عمار الحمدي                                 &n

Background: Hepatitis is a disease of the liver caused by the infectious and non-infectious agents.
Patients &methods: A total of 600 blood donors attending blood bank at Baghdad city were included in this study , they were screened by Enzyme Immune sorbent Assay for detection of HBs Ag and anti-HCV ,that confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay .the possible influence of the various factors on the prevalence was analyze too.
Results: Form the total donors there were 37(6.2%)and 6(1.7%)positive for HBV &HCV respectively .peak prevalence for HBs Ag was noticed in age groups (20-29)years .
Conclusion: Screening blood donors for both HBV and HCV is indispensable for safe blood transfusion. . In gen

Background: penetrating foreign body is a common problem but penetration by screw driver is very uncommon
Patient & method: A nine years old boy presented with penetrating screw driver through the medial canthus of the eye.
Result: the foreign body removed under GA with good result.
Conclusion: minimal invasive procedure are preferred when we have penetrating head injury.

Background: intestinal anastomosis is one of the most commonly performed procedures it required to reestablish gastrointestinal continuity after surgical resection, traumatic disruption or bypass procedures. In last decade, advances in intestinal stapling devices have led to an increased frequency of stapled anastomosis. There are varieties of proposed benefit from a stapled technique: better blood supply, reduced tissue manipulation, less edema, uniformity of suture, adequate or perhaps wider lumen at the site of anastomosis, ease and rapidity.
Patient and methods: a prospective study was conducted on 103 patients who suffered from benign and malignant diseases in addition to trauma patients. They were d