خلفية الدراسة: آفات الحبل الشوكي منتشرة بشكل كبير في مرض التصلب العصبي المتعدد على وجه التحديد في الحبل العنقي، ويمكن أن يساعد اكتشافها في التشخيص ومتابعة المريض.

هدف الدراسة: كان الغرض من هذه الدراسة لتقدير دور التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي باستخدام تسلسل كثافة البروتون بالمقطع السهمي 1.5 تسلا لزيادة كشف ووضوح آفات الحبل الشوكي لمرضى التصلب المتعدد بالمقارنة مع تسلسل FSE-T2 بالمقطع السهمي.

الطريقة: أجري

Background: the morphological features of the brest undergoes substantial change between early adolescene and menopause which may result in fibrocystic changes.

خلفية الدراسة: يعتبر الطب النفسي أحد فروع الطب المهمة ومادة اساسية ضمن المنهاج التدريسي لكلية طب -جامعة بغداد منذ تأسيسها .

 هدف الدراسة: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى إستطلاع موقف طلبة الكلية تجاه الطب النفسي كممارسة مهنية وتخصص أكاديمي بعد إنهاءهم مقررات التعليم والتدريب  في قسم الأمراض النفسية في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي. .

طرق الدراسة : خلال العام 2016 ,أنتظم 1

خلفية البحث: ألم الليف العضلي هو المصطلح الحالي للألم العضلي الهيكلي المنتشر المزمن والذي ليس له سبب بديل يمكن تحديده, وهو كثيرا ما يصيب النساء بعمر الخصب. الم الليف العضلي هو متلازمة مضعفة ومحبطة تنجم دائما عن أحداث نفسية أو جسدية مجهدة. العقم هو فشل انجاز الحمل خلال فترة 12 شهرا للمرضى الذين اعمارهم اقل من 35 سنة, و فشل الحمل خلال فترة 6 أشهر لمن أعمارهم أكثر من 35 سنة. للعقم وقع نفسي كبير على حي

خلفية الموضوع : نقص كلس الدم هو احد المضاعفات المعروفة جيداً لجراحة الغدة الدرقية. غالباً ما يكون هذا حدث عابر يحدث بعد استئصال الغدة الدرقية المكثف الذي قد يتطلب مكملات الكالسيوم و / أو فيتامين د لتخفيف أو منع الأعراض.كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد نسبة حدوث نقص كلس الدم بعد جراحة الغدة الدرقية ومعرفة عوامل الخطر المتعلقة بسن المريض ونوعه وبناء العضلات ، والتشخيص السريري ، ومدى الجراحة ، وربط الش

Background: The neonatal deaths account for two-third of all deaths in the first year of life, and 40% of under-five mortality. Extreme prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome , neonatal infections , and congenital malformations are among the common causes of neonatal deaths.
Methods: We retrospectively studied 668 neonates who died over 5 years period from first of Jan. 2000 to the end of Dec. 2004 in neonatal care unit of children Welfare Teaching Hospital-medical city, by obtaining data from reviewing their medical records and death certificates.
Results: The death rate in neonates admitted to SCBU (special Care baby Unit) during the period of study was (10.7%), male constituted 432 (64.7%) and female

Case Report: Common bile duct perforation has been reported in adults after invasive procedures, spontaneous common bile duct perforation is a rare entity as a cute abdomen in adults. A few cases due to choledocholithiasis have been reported as a cause of spontaneous perforation. We report an adult patient who presented with acute abdomen after spontaneous common bile duct perforation due to unknown etiology who was treated successfully.

الخلفيه:- بطانة الرحم المهاجرة هو خلل مزمن يصيب الجهاز التناسلي للمرأة ويتصف بوجود وأنتشار غدة وسدى خارج تجويف الرحم حيث يصيب 10% من النساء اللاتي في سن الإنجاب، ويعد هذا المرض أحد أكثر الأمراض تعقيداً وإرباكاً ومن أعراضه المرهقة الم دوري في الحوض مما يجعل حياة المريضة لا تطاق إن تركت الحالة بدون علاج. ويزداد مستوى IL-6 لدى مريضات بطانه الرحم المهاجره.

الطريقه:-&nbs

المقدمه:المستقبل شبيه التول-2( TLR-2) يلعب دوراً هاما في بايلوجية الاورام, بواسطة تفعيل وتعزيز انتشار الخلايا السرطانية ومقاومة موت الخلايا المبرمج وايضا تعزيز غزو الخلايا السرطانية وانتشارها.

كما ان المستقبل شبيه التول-2 واسع الانتشار على سطح الخلايا السرطانية ويشارك في بدء وتطور السرطان, فانه قد يعتبر بالتالي كهدف مهم وله تاثير مهتبر في علاج سرطان الثدي.

Background: Necrotizing fascitis is a progressive, rapidly spreading inflammatory infection located in the deep fascia, with secondary neerosis of the subcutaneous tissues polymicrobial infection is the most common finding in necrotizing fascitis rather than a single caustive organism.

Background: laparoscopic cholccystectomy (LC) gained a wide acceptance as treatment of choice for acute cholccyslitis (AC) as early in 72 hours of admission or after interval of 8-12 weeks after the patient treated by medical treatment.

Background: Foreign body impaction in the esophagus is a common problem. Our Objective is to draw conclusions from a retrospective over viewing a number of cases to assess current methods of management and to come out with recommendation from collected experience.
Patient and method: A retrospective study of (62) patients admitted to the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Medical City Teaching Hospital from January 2002 to December 2004 with history of foreign body swallowing and impaction. Six patients excluded from the (62) patients after having negative esophgoscpic findings. On presentation, history about type and time of ingestion, associated signs and symptoms were recorded, x- ray

students may knowledge of facts but they can not apply them, so they have the knowlege but they do not have enough of skills.

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the common psychiatric disorders and constitute a major public health concern. Iraqi’s were exposed to widespread violence and wars in the last decades. High prevalence of alcohol and substance use was reported recently in Baghdad. Research literature documented the association of SUDs with exposure to trauma events e.g. wars, terrorist attacks and natural disaster. Published articles on SUDs among prisoners in Iraq are scarce. Therefore, this work was carried out to report on SUDs among prisoners in Al-Diwania governorate and its relation to antisocial activity.
Methods: A total of 1200 prisoners in Al-Diwania civilian prison were included in the stu

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common cause of death in Developed countries. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, nowadays, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of infectious agents may contribute to pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. 
Patients and methods: 125 patients (25 females and 100 males) attending the department of cardiology, Baghdad, teaching hospital over the period December 2008- June 2009were enrolled. Their age range  between (39-75 years) compared with 50 healthy individuation (Age & sex matched). The sera were tested for H. pylori antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: 80% of pa

Abstract

this is a case report of abdominal cocoon also referred to as sclerosing encapsulating peritonities in 32 year-old female patient who presented to us with history of recorrent abdominal pain ,

Background: The temporal fascia has not been studied properly yet.

Background: High blood pressure is one of several risk factors that can increase your chance of developing heart disease, astroke, and other serious conditions.

Background: Widal test and blood culture together must be depended to diagnosis of typhoid fever.

Back ground: Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common infections world wide and are regarded as a serious public-health problem.
Methods: The study was carried out during the period from October 2008 to the end of January 2009 in five different markets of Baghdad. Six different type of vegetables were selected for this study including tomato, onion, cabbage, lettuce, carrot and pepper. The vegetables soaked for 10 minutes and washed in saline, centrifuged and the sediment examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. A total of 168 specimens of faeces were collected from vegetables handlers of the markets studied then, specimens were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by the direct smear method and

Background: we know that TNF-a which is consider an important inflammatory cytokine mediate the inflammatory reactions which occur in the tissues against the infections agents and other causes of inflammation therefore, here we try to study the role of TNF-a in chronic Rheumatic heart disease and the relationship of TNF-a with extent of histopathological.

Background: Nucleosomes are fundamental units of chromatin released by internucleosomal cleavage during cell apoptosis, and nucleosomal material has been demostraded in the surface blebs of opoptotic cells. recent studies have shown the presence of antinucleosome antibodies in systemicc lupus erythematosus (SLE).

introduction: medical schools and medical education look different as we advance into the 21st century. The call for medical students to become literate in the uses of information technology has become a familiar reform.

Background: The diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in human can be determined by variable immunological and molecular methods.

Modern international connectivity makes international cooperation essential for medical progress specifically in specialised medicine areas like haematology and oncology. Healthcare problems become more manageable when countries unite their expert knowledge with resources and creative solutions to achieve better patient results worldwide. The University of Baghdad should establish partnerships with UK healthcare organisations to address national healthcare deficiencies as they create mutual educational programs.

The systematic collaboration between UK and Iraqi healthcare institutions shows potential to transform blood-related care services. This research illustrates that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) as well as direct partnershi

Background: Between 0.3% and 2% of pregnant women experience hyperemesis gravidarum. It is recognized by persistent and unexplained vomiting and dehydration, and the diagnosis is confirmed by significant loss of weight, usually more than 5% of the pre-pregnancy weight. Tumor necrosis factor-α is a multipotent cytokine that affects a vast array of cells. It is now well accepted that the tumor necrosis factor-α is crucial in the very early stages of pregnancy.

Objectives: To assess the relationship between the tumor necrosis factor-α and hyperemesis gravidarum.

Methods: This case-control study was carried out at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Depa

Background: The alveolar process, also called the alveolar bone, is a thickened ridge that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on the jaw bones that hold the teeth. After tooth extraction, several changes can occur in the alveolar process that may prevent or delay prosthodontic or other dental treatments. Recently, the Bovine-bone graft has been proposed to be applied in fresh extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. In recent experimental studies, Royal jelly has been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in vascular dilatation and increased cell proliferation and differentiation.

Objective: To evaluate the ef

Background: Infertility is the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse, with male factors accounting for about 50% of cases. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a glycoprotein belonging to the Transforming growth factor beta family, is secreted from Sertoli cells and plays a key role in male sexual differentiation.
Objectives: To examine the potential role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in differentiating the subtypes of male infertility.
Methods: This case-control study was done at the Infertility Center of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Diyala Governorate, Iraq, by the Department of Biochemistry / College of Medicine / University of Baghdad between April 2024 a

Background: Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Troponin is released into blood from patients with reversible myocardial ischemia. Stromelysin-2 is also involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis by tissue remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins.
Objectives: To investigate the role of serum high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTn I) and Stromelysin-2 (Str-2) in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of coronary artery obstruction.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 subjects undergoing coronary angiography for suspicion of coronary artery disease in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medi

Background: Alterations in the levels of beta-endorphins and serotonin are heavily involved in the mood dysregulation regularly observed in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder, with lower levels of these neurotransmitters contributing to mood disturbances commonly seen in addiction. Such neurochemical imbalances may also disrupt normal mood regulation pathways, leading to the emotional and psychological challenges often experienced by individuals struggling with addiction.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between beta-endorphin and serotonin levels in individuals with methamphetamine addiction, and to evaluate their potential roles in mood regulation and addiction-related behavio