إن تاريخ التعليم  في السنوات الأخيرة هو قصة تحكي تطور التعليم من بُعد والتعليم المفتوح وباختصار " الإنفتاح التعليمي " Opening up education؛فعلى مدى عقود قليلة  عملت  التكنولوجيا الحديثة مثل الكمبيوتر الشخصي ، والوسائط المتعددة التفاعلية ، والإنترنت باستمرار على توسيع فرص

The deviation from the rules and standards of the Arabic language is considered a melody, so the criteria were quantitative and temporal and be  deviate from the general rule  which are called abnormal and accept in time in the age of eloquence.

This paper shed light on castles in Iraq through Othman reign to know their sorts , and studying planning concentrating on the nature of architecture , this is a serious trying to study and important  side of military architecture in Iraq with its reasons of building them which had related with political, military , social ,and economical circumstances of country . 

Talking about such a Problematic is frequent and continues from
the earliest times of science to its maturity. This calls for
adopting the method of digging to reach the beginnings of the
Problematic and its first manifestations. Perhaps its first signs
arose in the cradle of linguistics as a science that studies

        The subject of the research is the collective words = Jawami Al-kalim. Those who wants to know this subject to be aware of the benefit of  "Al-Ejaz and Al-iktisar " and to cover the Rhetoric of signal should think carefully the abbreviations because the collective words because it is the a face of the important faces represented by the abbreviation of shortness as it is and old subject where it can be found in every source of rhetoric books which were old or modern. But what attracts attention is that this subject did not take all its range in study in the way that discover its beauty concerning style, words, sentences and meaning. This cause

This research includes the investigation of a part of the manuscript called Summarizing Examination Book (The Science of meaning ) Hassan Kafi Al-Aqhsari , which contains the part of the science of rhetoric. The investigation was carried out through a series of steps, the most important of which is to show the difference between copies of the manuscript and then access to the texts contained in verses, hadiths, poetic verses or vague words to produce this manuscript

       The progress that happened in Andalusia civilization was affected  by Arabic through taking care of agriculture by entering of new kinds of planets that were more important as political sides which led to prominence new kinds of food transported to Europe that had showed a real reflect of how chat of civilization among people who had lived in various ages until now

  يعد علم الفلك أحد العلوم القديمة، فقد إهتم علماء الفلك الأوائل بهذ العلم، تاركين بصماتهم عليه، ودعوا إلى عدم الخلط بين علم الفلك وبين التنجيم، وهو نظام يعتقد أن هناك علاقة بين الشؤون الإنسانية ومواضع الأجسام السماوية، حيث يختلف المجالان تماماً عن بعضهما، كما ناقش العرب عدم سكونية الأرض في مركز الكون، وإنها كانت محور إهتمام الفلاسفة كأبن سينا والرازي، ومن ثم العلماء الفلكيين كالبيروني والخوار

Baalbek ( Heliopolis- the City of the Sun), one of the most important  historical cities in Lebanon, has known as  multiple civilizations in successive historical periods, which have left many archaeological evidences, the most    important  ones  are the castle and the roman temples.

 The Islamic architectural and artistic heritage in Baalbek   was consisted from different types of buildings: religious, civil, military and social in addition to many archaeological arts that were mastered by the Muslims.

There are many questions that have been presented and asked in order to know who the Lady Sharifa bint Al-Imam (peace be upon her) is? And then adopting the opinions that confirm or deny the existence of Mrs. Sharifa or the place of her death, and how did it happen? As well as the question, where is the shrine of Sharifa, daughter of Imam Hassan? Who are the daughters of Imam Hassan? Did she have a grave previously, and when was the trace of this tomb known

The caliphs of Tukalti Able III (Tiglath-pileser) sustained their extension and enclosure strategy whom they were highly talented with outstanding potentialities. They performed their political plan of extinguishingthe ambitions of the upper class and the internal uprisings. The Assyrian Kingdom, in the eighth century BC reached to the highest degree of expansion that no other ancient Iraqi kingdom had reached It dominated the whole near eastbut it did not have absolute command due to the subsequent uprisings that out bursted in the regions attached to the kingdom near the borders.

AL Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al Gilani is one of the famous Mysticists (sufi). He was known in his literary eloquent and rhetoric speeches. These speeches was cover both the poetry and prose. Also it was in the fields of preaching, soliloquy and maqamat.

The semiotic approach to the unspoken seeks to analyze the text in an esoteric way, that is, to clarify what is hidden from it by reading between

There Renaissance medical state Arab-Islamic between (184 and 597 e / 800 and 1200 m) and the number of translations of medical texts of languages ​​Greek and Syriac, which helped exports Muslim doctors arena in the Middle Ages, and became Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo advanced centers of Medicine and Pharmacy.The inexperience of Arab doctors in surgery and performed surgeries Mtaddhoajtahed

The codification of the social history of the city of Baghdad will be filled with an inherited folklore and folklore that has been descended to it from the previous generations with all its tales of folk tales, metaphors, parables, crafts and industries. Immortal

 Although al-Dhahabi had rulings on his translations, because he excluded from them the terms and expressions that hadith critics and his men used in his evaluation of non-narrators due to the different directions of the translator for them

            The issue of the survival of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century, a controversial topic in European diplomacy, was what was called the "Eastern Question" containing the fate of this country and its regions sprawling one of the hottest topics in the diplomatic major European powers of that century

         This study deals with it the era of Taher Bin Al Hussein for his son Abdullah when preside Diyarbakir and Rabia in succession of ALMa`amoon Abbasi in the political and historical dimensions

The research deals with a historical study of the materials written by the manuscript since the beginning of its inception in the Arab era in the pre-Islamic era and the origin of Islamic and the following in successive eras.It is a variety of materials ,including Al-Asab,karanif ,parchment ,leather and many other

مدينة يابرة مدينة أزلية قديمة ، من أقدم المدن الأوربية  ، وهي من مدن البرتغال الحالية ، فقد نشأت وتطورت قبل الفتح العربي الإسلامي للأندلس سنة 92هـ/710م ، وقبل دخول الطلائع الأولى للفاتحين العرب المسلمين الأوائل للأندلس ، افتتحت على يد عبد العزيز بن موسى بن نصير الذي بعثه والده موسى على رأس جيش كبير لفتح مدن غرب الأندلس ، فاستطاع من السيطرة على مدينة باجة ، ثم اتجه صوب مدينة يابرة وتمكن منها ، وأشار ابن خلدون إ

The research titled (narrations of Imam Muhammad bin Ali al-Baqir (upon him be peace) about washing, in the four books of Sunan - study and analysis -) deals with what was reported from the noble and purified hadiths about him, peace be upon him, through the four hadith works represented by Sunan Abu Dawud (d. 275 AH). And Al-Jami’ Al-Kabir (Sunan Al-Tirmidhi) (d. 279 AH), Sunan Al-Nasa’i (Al-Mujtaba) (d. 303 AH), and Sunan Ibn Majah (d. 273 AH), who is the venerable imam and jurist from the House of Prophethood, as he transmitted many traces from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace. Upon him and his family, peace be upon him. The study focused on his narrations, including the rulings on washing

Is astronomy in the Abbasid era one of the sciences that Muslims developed at that time? The restriction of students at the hands of a large number of students, which increased the development and increase the value of monitoring mechanisms and their outstanding efforts in support and development of the Arab civilization of Islam

The Heritage geographical Arab-Muslim of great value in the history of the evolution of thought geographical The themes of cities, like other subjects heritage books geographical Islamic related to geography descriptive and regional were subject to the style of Arabic writing,

The society’s view of women and throughout the ages the look of the weak who seeks protection, as we find the man, since ancient times, who

Modern linguistic theories have given the researchers some real opportunities to find out important linguistic phenomena that

Praise be to Allah the Merciful, Praise be to him what has guided us and blessed, with thanks for what Olanna, Akram, and prayed God to Muhammad, the Seal of the Prophets and The God of the good and virtuous, and to his family Almentajabin.

This research deals with the study and investigation of the diwan Al_sheikh (Abu Baker Bin Fityan Al_ Arawdaky) dead 672H) . He is one of the Sufism who was born in (Damascus) and lived there all of his life . this biography is limited and his works would not be found except this diwan which oppears on three copies that can be taken from mannscrpt kept in different libraries .

We thought to investigate this diwan in many de partments , but the best one had been chosen according to its completion .

This diwan is special in letters that can be ordered alphabetically , re ferences contain explanation in addition to mention many words and phrase

تتميز الرسائل المتبادلة بين العلماء والأدباء التي يطلق عليها الرسائل
الإخوانية بطابعٍ يميزها عن غيرها من الرسائل،

This study reveals important aspects of Ibn Tulun approach in this book through reading and scrutinizing the texts that had a direct or indirect relationship with this topic, as his study was not an easy thing, especially as it depends on the deduction of intellectual trends in his approach and his dealings with the texts of this topic In his directions and his architectural and service idea and highlighting its basic aspects as part of the plans of the Islamic city and its connection with the cultural heritage at the time.

The intellectual and revolutionary movements that have emerged since the beginning of the second half of the first century of the Islamic era did not appear suddenly, but must have preceded by a social consciousness, multi-forms, in the forefront of class awareness and religious awareness, and awareness was more painful, Of the society of the Arabian Peninsula - before Islam - feel it and suffer from it, a sense of injustice and tyranny, oppression and humiliation, and the destruction of dignity as well as poverty and hunger, and the injustice of tribal laws, and tyranny of each other and the tyranny of their heads on the tribes members and families belonging to this tribe or hill