Moisture induced damage can cause a progressive deterioration in the performance of asphalt pavement by the loss of adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregate surface and/or loss of cohesion within the binder in the presence of water. The objective of this paper is to improve the asphalt mixtures resistance to moisture by using hydrated lime as an anti-stripping additive. For this purpose, two types of asphalt binder were utilized; asphalt grades (40-50) and (60-70) with one type of aggregate of 19.0 mm aggregate nominal maximum size, and limestone dust as a mineral filler. Marshall method was adopted to find the optimum asphalt content. Essentially, two parameters were determined to evaluate the moisture susceptibili

This study investigated the potential of calcined clays from Nigerian deposits in the production of ternary blends of cement. Clay samples were obtained from three different locations namely: Ikpeshi, Okpilla and Uzebba. The raw clay samples were then calcined at 700°C and 800°C. Chemical and mineralogical compositions were determined for the raw and calcined clay samples using XRF and XRD respectively. The chemical composition confirmed these clays as potential pozzolans with SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ collectively exceeding 70%. XRD analysis identified kaolinite and quartz as major mineral phases in the raw clays, which transformed into metakaolin upon calcination.

A new model for the non-linear propeller-pendulum system is derived in this study. The model takes into consideration the effects of external disturbances and the properties of the pendulum elements. Two systems with PID controllers are simulated. In the first system, Simulink is used to implement the system and tune the PID parameters. In the second system, a MATLAB script is used to simulate the system and tune the PID parameters. The scrip uses the Runge-Kutta method for solving the system’s equation and uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to tune the parameters. Further, both systems were investigated under two disturbance conditions. The performance of these systems is evaluated based on comparing the settling

تستكشف هذه الدراسة تطور البُنى التحتية للشوارع في بغداد، بدءا من التكوينات العضوية القديمة وصولاً إلى التوسع العاصمي (المتروبولي) الحديث، وتتناول فجوة مهمة في الدراسات الحضرية التي تختص بتحليل المورفولوجيا الخاصة بأنماط الشوارع في مدينة شرق أوسطية انموذجية. يستخدم هذا البحث منهجية عملية تشمل عدة مراحل متضمنة: جمع البيانات، والرقمنة، وعمليات التعريف وذلك لإستكشاف وفك ترميز البُنى التحتية المورفولوجية لش

Using asphalt mixtures with added materials became a significant field for enhancing asphalt properties. Crumb rubber or recycled tire rubber is one of these materials that gained great attention because it provides asphalt mixtures with enhanced properties and with the privilege of being economically and environmentally efficient where it reduces the waste tires from being disposed to nature. This study explores the latest articles in this field with a focus on different methods used to incorporate crumb rubber (CR) into the asphalt matrix. It has been noticed that most articles focus on the wet process for incorporating CR into asphalt. This method is known for its efficiency, but it consumes less CR as compared to the

The study aimed to find the best amount of cellulose nanofibers to add to heat-cured denture base material to enhance its mechanical characteristics. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were added to the  polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base in several weight percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5, and 2%). A probe sonicator was used to mix the monomer with the cellulose nanofibers for around 5 minutes. Impact strength, transverse strength, and shore D surface hardness were the three groups that were classified afterward according to the trials conducted. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and bar chart visualisations, were utilised to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the mean values of impa

The effect of the addition of sustainable materials and alkali-resistant glass fibers on perlite concrete is studied in this paper. The research includes slump, density, flexural strength, split tensile strength, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity tests. This specimen was cast using Portland cement, metakaolin (which replaced 15% of the cement weight as pozzolanic materials), a combination of coarse and fine perlite aggregate, superplasticizer, and local ash (which was employed as a filler and replaced by cement weight in a ratio of 10%). The ratio of cement to perlite (volumetric ratio) was 1:2. The concrete reinforced 1% alkali resistance glass fibers by volume of concrete. The results show that adding su

Semi-deep foundations are a viable option when the soil under the foundation is loose and extended to a significant depth, also, when traditional methods of improvement are not feasible applying piles would not be a practical choice due to their high cost and time-consuming installation process. Skirted foundations are a sort of semi-deep foundation that can penetrate the soil to a depth that is twice their width. Skirted foundations, in which a vertical or inclined wall surrounds one or more sides of the soil mass under the footing, are recommended methods to increase the soil's bearing capacity. The walls work to reduce settlement while enhancing load capacity and failure depth in soils with low shear strength. This pa

Qaiyarah oil field is characterized by its complexity due to its extra heavy oil reaching 16° API. Thus, building a systematic PVT model for this field at a specific range of temperatures is a powerful challenge for screening such reservoirs. The peng-Robenson equation of state model with up to six pseudo components was developed for the crude sample of the Qaiyarah oil field. This work represents the fingerprint for constructing a dynamic model for the field under study. The model also applies to the heavy oil reservoirs under splitting and lumping scenarios. This work suggests a lumping scheme to enhance the accuracy and CPU performance of compositional reservoir simulations. Therefore, the full components model (13 c

Land use is the human modification of the natural or terrestrial environment into a built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. Baghdad, like most cities in the world, suffers from many urban problems, especially the problems associated with the disparity in the distribution of land uses and deficiencies in their distribution according to scientific standards and foundations, such as the problem of pollution and overpopulation. Karrada was chosen because it represents a large urban center in Baghdad, with about 1 million people spread over about 72 km2.  The aim is to assess land use in Karrada. In addition to the analysis of land uses in the study area, and the study of changes that occurred in those u

Reservoir characterization is an important component of hydrocarbon exploration and production, which requires the integration of different disciplines for accurate subsurface modeling. This comprehensive research paper delves into the complex interplay of rock materials, rock formation techniques, and geological modeling techniques for improving reservoir quality. The research plays an important role dominated by petrophysical factors such as porosity, shale volume, water content, and permeability—as important indicators of reservoir properties, fluid behavior, and hydrocarbon potential. It examines various rock cataloging techniques, focusing on rock aggregation techniques and self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify

Six (1000*1000 mm²) slab specimens were cast and tested as two-way simply supported slabs previously (three under monotonic loading and three under repeated loading) are used in this research. The tested specimens consist of one solid slab and two voided slabs with the following variables (type of slab (solid and voided), presence of steel fibers (0% and 1%), and the presence of GFRP layers). This paper presents the results of tested slabs and the 3D-Nonlinear finite element (ABAQUS program) is proposed to verify the tested slabs under monotonic and repeated loading. The process of modeling the structure components of the tested slabs will be discussed in detail, including the creation of the parts, model mate

Reactive powder concrete is an attractive new concrete technology for structural design applications. The technology has been used for different structures with several advantages. Strengthening and retrofitting structures using FRP has grown rapidly in the last decades to upgrade structures because of the gradual material degradation over time. The technique was applied mainly for conventional normal and high-strength concrete and steel. This study is conducted to study the performance of bonding interface among reactive powder concrete substrate and CFRP sheets using different parameters, including bond length, bond width, and bond–slip relations. Concrete prisms with dimensions of (25 x 25 x 75 mm) were adopted in t

Human activities such as mining, industrial operations and waste management can lead to soil pollution by heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. These contaminants cause harm both to humans and the ecosystems where they are found. Of all the previously used techniques, phytoremediation is the most promising one for cleaning up heavy metal-contaminated soils. Phytoremediation refers to a technique where plants use roots for absorbing, storing and immobilizing soil contaminants while also removing them. Bioleaching is a method which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals that have been shown to facilitate phytoextraction in increasing the availability of metals. It is anticipated that researc

The variation in the seepage under hydraulic structures significantly impacts their stability and effective water management, especially considering recent water scarcity challenges. This paper aims to calculate seepage and investigate the hydraulic performance of the Al-Hilla canal regulator's foundation. The methodology involves constructing a model (SEEP/W) and comparing its results with one-site piezometer readings. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates software modelling and statistical analysis techniques. This study integrates software modelling and statistical analysis techniques. The Geo-studio program facilities modelling of seepage flow, while JASP software is used for statistical analysis and

Enhancing the properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) by developing the internal structure or making replacements or additions to the aggregates is becoming a prevalent method to obtain RPC with desired properties, which it can be used in numerous applications in the construction industry. Pozzolanic active constituents are used in large quantities to reach the desired properties, but on the other hand, these methods are still not sustainable and could be expensive. This study explores methods of curing RPC that affect compressive strength and other mechanical properties. This study briefly describes how RPC's internal structure and mechanical properties are enhanced. The core objective of this study is to review th

إن انبعاثات الكاربون المصاحبة للبناء والكلفة الباهظة لمواد البناء الخام إضافة الى مخاطر ندرتها في المستقبل جميعها تهدد الاستدامة وتلحق الضرر بالبيئة. عليه، تسعى العديد من الدول برسم استراتيجيات حديثة للبيئة الخضراء من خلال اعتماد مواد معاد تدويرها وصديقة للبيئة في البناء بما في ذلك مخلفات الخشب أو نشارة الخشب. يقدم البحث الحالي مراجعة لأهم الدراسات المتميزة والطرق الواعدة المتعلقة بتوظيف نشارة الخشب في

تظهر التربة القابلة للانهيار بالإضافة إلى الانواع الأساسية الأخرى التي تسبب مشاكل مثل التربة الانتفاخية والتربة العضوية، والمعروفة باسم التربة ذات المشاكل، قوة كبيرة عندما تجف ولكنها تتعرض لفقدان كبير في القوة عندما تكون مشبعة، مما يؤدي إلى هطول مفرط. إن توقع استجابة التربة للفيضانات والانهيارات الأرضية أو المستوطنات الكبيرة يمثل تحديًا هندسيا في هذه الأنواع من التربة. حيث يحدث الانخفاض الدائم في حجم ال

As stuck pipe holds on to be a prime contributor to non-productive time (NPT) in drilling industry operations, efforts to restrict its incidence cannot be over-emphasized. Historically, stuck-pipe events have been shown to cost the industry several hundred million dollars annually and over 25% of non-productive time. British Petroleum Company's stuck pipe costs exceed $30 million annually. Industry-stuck pipe costs are estimated to be above $250 million annually. Major causes of this issue involve wellbore instability, differential sticking forces, improper hole cleaning, and the forming of drill-cutting beds, especially in high-angle wells. One strategy for avoiding stuck pipe issues is to predict by using the availa

The use of information transfer is a major reason for the spread of information piracy, especially digital information that includes audio or other information, to preserve data. Encrypting voice messages is considered one of the most secure ways to protect information due to the difficulty of disclosing it. Our algorithm is robust, effective, efficient, and has security capabilities due to the different key lengths and block sizes (128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits). The Rijndael algorithm is an effective tool for encoding audio files and has won many awards. The Rijndael algorithm is compatible with many different audio formats. We will use it to encrypt WAVE files. The first step is to generate keys using the proposed m

تعمل أطقم الأسنان النظيفة على تعزيز صحة المريض، وطول عمر طقم الأسنان، ونوعية الحياة العامة عن طريق منع التلوث المتبادل. يجب ألا يؤدي أسلوب التنظيف الفعال إلى إتلاف المواد الأساسية للطقم. تبحث هذه الدراسة في صلابة وامتصاص الأشعة فوق البنفسجية وامتصاص الماء وقابلية ذوبان راتنج الأكريليك المعالج بالحرارة بعد 180 مرة من الغمر في منظف طقم الأسنان بزيت شجرة الشاي. تم إجراء تسعين عينة من راتينج الأكر

The comfort and safety of drivers greatly depend on the design of the suspension system in ‎road cars. The study presents modeling and control of an Active Suspension System (ASS) ‎for a ¼ car with two degrees of freedom, considering unknown masses, time delay, and ‎various types of road disturbances using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The study ‎examines the performance of the Model ‎Predictive Control (MPC) scheme. ‎Numerous controllers are utilized in literature, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), ‎fuzzy logic controllers, Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR), and Proportional Integral ‎Derivative (PID) controllers. An MPC setup for the ASS model was presented in this paper. ‎MPC is an optimal control strat

تقدم هذه الورقة تقييماً تقنياً واقتصادياً لنظام الطاقة المتجددة الهجين (HRES) في كلية الهندسة بجامعة بغداد. وتشمل الأهداف تحسين الموثوقية وتخفيف الطلب على الشبكة. تصميم نظام HRES مخصص ومتصل بالشبكة للجامعة، يتضمن الطاقة الشمسية الكهروضوئية ومولد الديزل. يتم تحديد التكوين الهجين الأمثل من خلال تقييم كامل للعوامل الاقتصادية والتقنية والبيئية باستخدام برنامج Homer-Pro. إلى جانب أنه يعالج التحديات الحاسمة في توفير ر

Marine ship hulls' corrosion resistance behavior under static and flowing conditions was investigated. The metal of the hull panels of marine ships was chemically and mechanically examined and analyzed, revealing that carbon steel type DIN 1.0501 C35 is employed in constructing the hull of ships in the port of Basrah in Iraq. A corrosion resistance test for this metal was carried out in laboratory-prepared seawater under static and flowing conditions at a flow rate of 1500 liter/hour and various immersion times (12, 24, 48, 120, 168, 336) hours. The temperature was kept constant at 30°C, and a fixed salt concentration of (3.5% sodium chloride). The corrosion rate of C35 carbon steel was calculated using the weight loss

In the current study, the impacts of various curing states on some properties of reactive powder concrete (compressive strength, flexural strength, and dry bulk density) are being experimentally studied. The curing conditions include four different methods: immersion in normal water temperature (considered the reference curing state), immersion in warm water at 35ºC, immersion in boiling water, and curing with steam. For every combination, the water/binder ratio stayed unchanged at 0.2. Each reactive concrete mix was cast into three different configurations: 50mm only for cubes and 50×50×250 mm for prisms. Based on the improvement of RPC mechanical characteristics, the optimum curing method, as determined by the resul