Editorial Board

Lowering the emission, fuel economy and torque management are the essential
requirements in the recent development in the automobile industry. The main engine control
input that satisfies the above requirements is the throttling angle which adjusts the air mass
flow rate to the engine port. Due to the uncertainty and the presence of the nonlinear
components in its dynamical model, the sliding mode control theory is utilized in this work
for the throttle valve angle control system to design a robust controller for this system in the
presence of a nonlinear spring and Coulomb friction. A continuous sliding mode control law
which consists of a saturation function, instead of a signum function, and the integral of
ano

The rapid advances in mobile communication systems. especially in Global Svstem communications (GSM), have led to a wide range of developments in design, simulation. controlling mechanism, management protocols, and performance analyzing techniques of such systems Several software simulator systems are designed and implemented in this work. The designed systems have simulated the real GSM cellular network with all related topics conceming the control on calling mechanism, mobility managements, and others. In this concern, simulators for the GSM Cellular Network, Mobile Station, Base Transceiver Station, Base Station Controller, and Mobile Switching Center are all designed and implemented in this work. Moreover, several Graphical User Inte

The aim of this study is to identify the effect of particle size and to increase the concentration of Iraqi bentonite on rheological properties in order to evaluate its performance and to know if it can be used as drilling fluid without additives or not. In this study, Iraqi bentonite was carried out by mineral composition (XRD), chemical composition (XRF) and Particle size distribution (PSD), and its rheological properties were measured at different particle size and concentration. The results showed that when the particle size of Iraqi bentonite decreased, and the rheological properties were increased with increased concentration of Iraqi bentonite. Also, Iraqi bentonite was unable to use as drilling fluid without certain additives.

The flow measurements have increased importance in the last decades due to the shortage of water resources resulting from climate changes that request high control of the available water needed for different uses. The classical technique of open channel flow measurement by the integrating-float method was needed for measuring flow in different locations when there were no available modern devices for different reasons, such as the cost of devices. So, the use of classical techniques was taken place to solve the problem. The present study examines the integrating float method and defines the parameters affecting the acceleration of floating spheres in flowing water that was analyzed using experimental measurements. The me

Blades of gas turbine are usually suffered from high thermal cyclic load which leads to crack initiated and then crack growth and finally failure. The high thermal cyclic load is usually coming from high temperature, high pressure, start-up, shut-down and load change. An experimental and numerical analysis was carried out on the real blade and model of blade to simulate the real condition in gas turbine. The pressure, temperature distribution, stress intensity factor and the thermal stress in model of blade have been investigated numerically using ANSYS V.17 software. The experimental works were carried out using a particular designed and manufactured rig to simulate the real condition that blade suffers from. A new cont

In this study, the use of non-thermal plasma theory to remove toxic gases emitted from a vehicle was experimentally investigated. A non-thermal plasma reactor was constructed in the form of a cylindrical tube made of Pyrex glass. Two stainless steel rods were placed inside the tube to generate electric discharge and plasma condition, by connecting with a high voltage power supply (up to 40 kV). The reactor was used to remove the contaminants of a 1.25-liter 4-cylinder engine at ambient conditions. Several tests have been carried out for a ranging speed from 750 to 4,500 rpm of the engine and varying voltages from 0 to 32 kV. The gases entering the reactor were examined by a gas analyzer and the gases concentration ratio

The technical development in scientific fields, has an effective influence in developing the possibilities of auditorium design, erection and performance. In the recent years, there was a great demand for flexible spaces, which could accommoder e different acting performance and would be economical too.

Therefore technical efforts and facilities can be great help in providing flexibility's in geometrical relations, space configuration, material treatment and surface finishes of multi purpose halls. This research emphasis the importance of technical possibilities in both mechanical and acoustical sides for providing flexibility's in acoustical performance in auditorium by:

1 Theoretical side discussing

a Technical

This study investigates the influence of asymmetric involute teeth profiles for helical gears on the bending stress. Theoretically, bending stress has been estimated in spur involute gears which have symmetric teeth profile by based on the Lewis, 1892 equation. Later, this equation is developed by, Abdullah, 2012. to determine the effect of an asymmetric tooth profile for the spur gear on the bending stress. And then these equations are applied with stress concentration factor once for symmetric and once other for asymmetric teeth profile. In this paper, the bending stresses for various types of helical gear with various types of asymmetric teeth profile are calculated numerically for defined the stress concentration fac

An experimental and theoretical works were carried out to model the wire condenser in the domestic refrigerator by calculating the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop and finding the optimum performance. The two methods were used for calculation, zone method, and an integral method. The work was conducted by using two wire condensers with equal length but different in tube diameters, two refrigerants, R-134a and R-600a, and two different compressors matching the refrigerant type. In the experimental work, the optimum charge was found for the refrigerator according to ASHRAE recommendation. Then, the tests were done at 32˚C ambient temperature in a closed room with dimension (2m*2m*3m). The results showed that th

The improvement in Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation when the received signals impinge on Active-Parasitic Antenna (APA) arrays will be studied in this work. An APA array consists of several active antennas; others are parasitic antennas. The responses to the received signals are measured at the loaded terminals of the active element. The terminals of the parasitic element are shorted. The effect of the received signals on the parasites, i.e., the induced short-circuit current, is mutually coupled to the active elements. Eigen decomposition of the covariance matrix of the measurements of the APA array generates a third subspace in addition to the traditional signal and noise subspaces generated by the all-active ante

The comfort and safety of drivers greatly depend on the design of the suspension system in ‎road cars. The study presents modeling and control of an Active Suspension System (ASS) ‎for a ¼ car with two degrees of freedom, considering unknown masses, time delay, and ‎various types of road disturbances using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The study ‎examines the performance of the Model ‎Predictive Control (MPC) scheme. ‎Numerous controllers are utilized in literature, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), ‎fuzzy logic controllers, Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR), and Proportional Integral ‎Derivative (PID) controllers. An MPC setup for the ASS model was presented in this paper. ‎MPC is an optimal control strat

يتناول هذا البحث دراسة معامل الفعالية البوزولانية للفلدسبار المحلي المتواجد في مقالع قرب بحر النجف ومقارنته مع معامل الفعالية لدقيق السليكا المستورد. تم استعمال الفلنسيار المطحون والمنعم الى (1200م2 / كغم) بمقياس بلين (Blaine). وتم فحص الفعالية البوزولانية بموجب المواصفة الأمريكية (02-311-ASTM C حيث أظهرت النتيجة بأن معامل الفعالية البوز ولائية للفلدسبار (97%) مقارنة بـ (92%) لدقيق السليكا، والتي تشير إلى أمكانية استخدام

A series of heterogeneous basic catalysts of CaO, MgO and CaMgO₂ at different calcination temperature were synthesized via solution combustion method. Different characterization techniques have been carried out to investigate the structure of the produced catalysts i.e. X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, morphology by atomic force microscope (AFM) and reflection using UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra. The particles size analyzer revealed that the mixed oxide catalysts calcined at different calcination temperature possess smaller nano size particles compared to pure CaO. Moreover, the energy band gap was calculated based on the results of diffuse reflectance spectra. The energy band gap was redu

The hydraulic behavior of the flow can be changed by using large-scale geometric roughness elements in open channels. This change can help in controlling erosions and sedimentations along the mainstream of the channel. Roughness elements can be large stone or concrete blocks placed at the channel's bed to impose more resistance in the bed. The geometry of the roughness elements, numbers used, and configuration are parameters that can affect the flow's hydraulic characteristics. In this paper, velocity distribution along the flume was theoretically investigated using a series of tests of T-shape roughness elements, fixed height, arranged in three different configurations, differ in the number of lines of roughness element

Sewage water is a mixture of water and solids added to water for various uses, so it needs to be treated to meet local or global standards for environmentally friendly waste production. The present study aimed to analyze the new Maaymyrh sewage treatment plant's quality parameters statistically at Hilla city. The plant is designed to serve 500,000 populations, and it is operating on a biological treatment method (Activated Sludge Process) with an average wastewater inflow of 107,000m³/day. Wastewater data were collected daily by the Mayoralty of Hilla from November 2019 to June 2020 from the influent and effluent in the (STP) new in Maaymyrh for five water quality standards, such as (BOD5), (COD), (TSS), (TP)

In this study, the investigation of Local natural Iraqi rocks kaolin with the addition of different proportions of bauxite and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the produced refractories was conducted. Kaolin/bauxite mixture was milled and classified into various size fractions, the kaolin (less than 105 μm) and the bauxite (less than 70μm). The specimens were mixed from kaolin and bauxite in ranges B1 (95+5)%, B2 (90+10)%, B3(85+15)%, and B4 (80+20)%  respectively. The green specimens were shaped by the semi-dry method using a hydraulic press and a molding pressure of 7 MPa with the addition of (9-12) %wt. of PVA ratio. After molding and drying, the specimens were fired at (1100, 1200 and 13

Expanded bed behavior was modeled by using the Richardson-Zaki correlation between the superficial velocity of the feed stream and the void fraction of the bed at moderate Reynolds number. The terminal velocity expression was developed by introducing two empirical parameters, the effective diameter of the particles and an exponent for the    p l l l     2  term. The Richardson-Zaki exponent constant (n) was found to vary with the density ratio   p l l    and diameter ratio d D p . It was noted that when the density ratio   p l l    is less than one, there is no dense phase at the bottom of the test section. However, for density ratio   p l l    greater than

In this investigation, steady tow-dimensional natural convective heat transfer in rectangular porous cavity, (heated from below) with horizontal walls heated to uniform but different temperatures and adiabatic sides has been studied numerically. The numerical results of heat transfer rates are presented for porous Rayleigh numbers (Ra*), based on width of cavity, in the range (Ra*≤500), with layer aspect ratios (Ar), (height / width) ranging between (0.5≤Ar≤5). Plots of streamlines and isotherms to show the behavior of the flow and temperature distribution are presented. The current study shows that the Nusselt number is a strong function of the porous Rayleigh number, and the geometry of the cavity is represented by aspect ratios.

Surface finish and monitoring tool wear is essential for optimization of machining parameters
and performing automated manufacturing systems. There is a very close relationship between tool wear and machining material parameters as surface roughness, shrinkage, cracks, hard particle ... etc. Monitoring of manufacturing processes plays a very important role to avoid dawn time of the machine, or prevent unwanted conditions such as chatter, excessive tool wear or breakage. Feature extraction and decision making is a matter of considerable interest for condition monitoring of complex phenomena with multiple sensors.  In this work, the implementation of a monitoring system utilizing simultaneous vibration and strain measurements on the

Document analysis of images snapped by camera is a growing challenge. These photos are often poor-quality compound images, composed of various objects and text; this makes automatic analysis complicated. OCR is one of the image processing techniques which is used to perform automatic identification of texts. Existing image processing techniques need to manage many parameters in order to clearly recognize the text in such pictures. Segmentation is regarded one of these essential parameters. This paper discusses the accuracy of segmentation process and its effect over the recognition process. According to the proposed method, the images were firstly filtered using the wiener filter then the active contour algorithm could b

The concept of capacity and level of service are the control points of the analysis of intersections and must be fully considered to evaluate the overall operation of the intersections. The objectives of the present study include the analysis, evaluation and improvement of the operation for AL-Motanabi square in Kut city and to present a best proposal to enhance the performance from the capacity point of view. To achieve these objectives, the estimated distribution of the traffic data in different direction that required for the traffic and geometrical analysis were gathered manually, while SIDRA traffic program is used for the requirements of traffic analysis process. It has been concluded that, two layer flyover is the best proposal to

In this study, structures damage identification method based on changes in the dynamic characteristics
(frequencies) of the structure are examined, stiffness as well as mass matrices of the curved
(in and out-of-plane vibration) beam elements is formulated using Hamilton's principle. Each node
of both of them possesses seven degrees of freedom including the warping degree of freedom. The
curved beam element had been derived based on the Kang and Yoo’s thin-walled curved beam theory
in 1994. A computer program was developing to carry out free vibration analyses of the curved
beam as well as straight beam. Comparing with the frequencies for other researchers using the general
purpose program MATLAB. Fuzzy logic syste

Priority of road maintenance can be viewed as a process influenced by decision-makers with varying decision-making power. Each decision-maker may have their view and judgment depending on their function and responsibilities. Therefore, determining the priority of road maintenance can be thought of as a process of MCDM. Regarding the priority of road maintenance, this is a difficult MCDM problem involving uncertainty, qualitative criteria, and possible causal relationships between choice criteria. This paper aims to examine the applicability of multiple MCDM techniques, which are used for assessing the priority of road maintenance, by adapting them to this sector. Priority of road maintenance problems subject to internal

This paper is devoted to investigate the effect of burning by fire flame on the behavior and load carrying capacity of rectangular reinforced concrete rigid beams. Reduced scale beam models (which are believed to resemble as much as possible field conditions) were suggested. Five end restrained beam specimens were cast and tested. The specimens were subjected to fire flame temperatures ranging from (25-750) ºC at age of 60 days, two temperature levels of 400ºC and 750ºC were chosen with exposure duration of 1.5 hour. The cast rectangular reinforced concretebeam (2250×375×375 mm) (length× width× height respectively) were subjected to fire. Results indicate remarkable reduction in the ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound number of

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The Iraqi government seeks to overcome the financial crisis by investing and privatizing some projects to achieve sustainable growth. Most of the investment projects in Iraq suffer from many constraints that greatly impact the success of these projects. A survey of the opinions of a group of experts was conducted to identify the most important constraints facing the investment process in Iraq. Then the experts' answers were arranged in a closed questionnaire and distributed to the research sample for which the statistical analysis was conducted. Through it, the most important (17) factors that had the greatest impact on the failure of investment projects in Iraq were reached. One of the main constraints was

The removal of boron from aqueous solution was carried out by electrocoagulation (EC) using magnesium electrodes as anode and stainless steel electrodes as cathode. Several operating parameters on the removal efficiency of boron were investigated, such as initial pH, current density, initial boron ion concentration, NaCl concentration, spacing between electrodes, electrode material, and presence of carbonate concentration. The optimum removal efficiency of 91. 5 % was achieved at a current density of 3 mA/cm² and  pH = 7 using (Mg/St. St. ) electrodes, within 45 min of operating time. The concentration of NaCl was o. 1 g/l with a 0.5cm spacing between the electrodes. First and second order rate equation were applied to study adsorp

Engineering design relies highly on the selection of suitable materials. Because there are many engineering materials, selecting a suitable material for a product requires a systematic selection approach. This paper provides a hybrid strategy for choosing the best material for an engineering design to give the best performance at the lowest cost based on Ashby's performance indices. Then, it ranks the result by the grey relational approach integrated with the Weighted Entropy Method to choose the optimum material for the main rotor blade of a helicopter. Different materials used for manufacturing rotor blades, such as Aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, steel, composites, and wood, have been discussed. The performance ind

Due to the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur emissions associated with the exhaust of diesel engines, last environmental regulations for ultra-low-sulfur diesel require a very deep desulfurization (up to 15 ppm), which cannot be met by the conventional hydrodesulfurization units alone. The proposed method involves a batch ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAODS) of a previously hydrotreated diesel (containing 480 ppm sulfur) so as to convert the residual sulfur-bearing compounds into their corresponding highly polar oxides, which can be eliminated easily by extraction with a certain highly polar solvent. The oxidizing system utilized was H₂O₂ as an oxidant, CH₃COOH as a

Numerical investigations of unsteady natural convection heat transfer through a fluid-saturated porous
media in inclined cylindrical enclosure are studied by solving the governing (3-D) Darcy-Boussinesq
equations using finite difference method. The momentum equation of flow was solved by Relaxation method and the energy equation by using Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The problem is analyzed for modified Rayleigh number with range of (50-300),angles of inclination (0°,25°,45°60°90°), amplitude of sinusoidal temperature (0.2, 0.4, 0.8) and period (0.005, 0.01, 0.02). Results indicate an increase in the heat transfer with increasing of Rayleigh number, time, amplitude, angle of inclination and period. Also average