This research shows the experimental results of the bending moment in a flexible and rigid raft foundation rested on dense sandy soil with different embedded depth throughout 24 tests. A physical model of dimensions (200mm*200mm) and (320) mm in height was constructed with raft foundation of (10) mm thickness for flexible raft and (23) mm for rigid raft made of reinforced concrete. To imitate the seismic excitation shaking table skill was applied, the shaker was adjusted to three frequencies equal to (1Hz,2Hz, and 3Hz) and displacement magnitude of (13) mm, the foundation was located at four different embedment depths (0,0.25B = 50mm,0.5B = 100mm, and B = 200mm), where B is the raft width. Generally, the maximum bending

Gypseous soils are widely distributed and especially in Iraq where arid area of hot climatic is present. These soils are considered as problematic soils; therefore this work attends to improve the geotechnical properties of such soil and reduce the dangers of collapse due to wetting process. In this research, undisturbed soil sample of 30 % gypsum content from Karbala city is used. The Single Oedometer collapse test is used in order to investigate the collapse characteristics of natural soil and after treatment with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% of Cutback Asphalt. Moreover, two selected additive percentages (9% and 12%) are used to evaluate the suitability of using the Cutback Asphalt for improvement of the bearing capacity o

In this paper a robust governor has been designed using H∞ techniques to replace the conventional
governor of the steam turbine of the power system to regulate the frequency of the power grid. The robust governor is synthesized using state-space approach with time variations, neglected dynamics, and constant main steam pressure are considered in the design process. The proposed approach ensures internal stability, satisfying both frequency and time domains requirements, and obtaining minimal performance H∞-norm of the closed-loop system in one burden. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB and the results show that the overall system output performance can be improved using the proposed H∞ robust governor.

The present research is concerned with the future phase-out of halocarbon types of refrigerants used in the vapor compression refrigeration systems. A window-type air conditioner is selected for the tests to be conducted with two different refrigerants. It is well known that these cooling units are wide spread in their applications and are circulating R-22 as a refrigerant. It is intended to replace this type of refrigerant by another type which is considered to be as environmental friendly refrigerant for smooth operation. The refrigerant selected for this object was R-407C for its favorable thermal properties and acceptable pressure and temperature ranges. The effect of replacing this refrigerant as a substitute on the performance of t

Coagulation - flocculation are basic chemical engineering method in the treatment of metal-bearing industrial wastewater because it removes colloidal particles, some soluble compounds and very fine solid suspensions initially present in the wastewater by destabilization and formation of flocs. This research was conducted to study the feasibility of using natural coagulant such as okra and mallow and chemical coagulant such as alum for removing Cu and increase the removal efficiency and reduce the turbidity of treated water. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) was carried out for okra and mallow before and after coagulant to determine their type of functional groups. Carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, study and simulate a three-phase induction motor drive using vector (field-oriented) control strategy and PWM current regulated inverter using hysteresis band current controller. The mathematical model of the induction motor and the principle of indirect field-oriented control are introduced. The Sliding Mode Controller with Boundary Layer (SMC-BL) is used as a speed controller and compared with the proportional integral (PI) controller.
A Simulink / Matlab program is written for simulating the induction motor model, SMC-BL and PI controllers and indirect field oriented control. The SMC-BL based system and PI-controller based system are compared from the point of view of speed–time response a

Early detection of brain tumors is critical for enhancing treatment options and extending patient survival. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning gives more detailed information, such as greater contrast and clarity than any other scanning method. Manually dividing brain tumors from many MRI images collected in clinical practice for cancer diagnosis is a tough and time-consuming task. Tumors and MRI scans of the brain can be discovered using algorithms and machine learning technologies, making the process easier for doctors because MRI images can appear healthy when the person may have a tumor or be malignant. Recently, deep learning techniques based on deep convolutional neural networks have been used to analyze med

SIFCON is characterized as a construction material of high ductility and very high strength. It is suitable for concrete structures used for special applications. However, the density of SIFCON is much higher than that of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) due to the need for a large amount of high-density steel fibers. This work examines the split tensile behavior of modified weight slurry infiltrated fiber concrete utilizing a mixture of two types of fibers, steel fiber, and polyolefin fiber. For the investigation, 30 cylinders and 15 cubes were poured. The used volume fraction (V.F) is (6 %) and the use of five series once as each type separately and once a hybrid in proportions of 2/3 polyolefin with 1/3 steel fiber and

In this research, geopolymer mortar had to be designed with 50% to 50% slag and fly ash with and without 1% micro steel fiber at curing temperature of 240℃. The molarity of alkaline solution adjusted with 12 molar sodium hydroxid to sodium silicate was 2 to 1, reaspectivly. The heat of curing increased the geopolymerization proceses of geoplymer mortar, which led to increasing strength, giving the best result and early curing age. The heat was applied for two days by four hours each day. It was discovered in the impact test that the value first crack of each mix was somewhat similar, but the failure increased 72%  for the mixture that did not contain fiber. For the energy observation results it was shown that the mixt

Anaerobic digestion is a technology widely used for treatment of organic waste for biogas production as a source for clean energy. In this study, poultry house wastes (PHW) material was examined as a source for biogas production. The effects of inoculum addition, pretreatment of the substrate, and temperature on the biogas production were taken into full consideration. Results revealed that the effect of inoculum addition was more significant than the alkaline pretreatment of raw waste materials. The biogas recovery from inoculated waste materials exceeds its production from wastes without inoculation by approximately 70% at mesophilic conditions. Whereby, the increase of biogas recovery from pretreated wastes was by 20% higher than its

Experimental and numerical investigations of the centrifugal pump performance at non-cavitating and cavitating flow conditions were carried out in the present study. Experiments were performed by applying a vacuum to a closed-loop system to investigate the effects of the net positive suction head available (NPSHa), flow rate, water temperature and pump speed on the centrifugal pump performance. Accordingly, many of the important parameters concerning cavitation phenomenon were calculated. Also, the noise which is accompanied by cavitation was measured. Numerical analysis was implemented for two phase flow (the water and its vapor) using a 2-D simulation by ANSYS FLUENT software to investigate the internal flow of centrifugal pump under c

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is relatively a new technology which enables the production and compaction of asphalt concrete mixtures at temperatures 15-40 °C lower than that of traditional hot mix asphalt HMA. In the present work, six asphalt concrete mixtures were produced in the mix plant (1 ton each) in six different batches. Half of these mixes were WMA and the other half were HMA.  Three types of fillers (limestone dust, Portland cement and hydrated lime) were used for each type of mix. Samples were then taken from these patches and transferred to lab for performance testing which includes: Marshall characteristics, moisture susceptibility (indirect tension test), resilient modulus, permanent deformation (axial repe

Portland cement concrete is the most commonly used construction material in the world for decades. However, the searches in concrete technology are remaining growing to meet particular properties related to its strength, durability, and sustainability issue. Thus, several types of concrete have been developed to enhance concrete performance. Most of the modern concrete types have to contain supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as a partial replacement of cement. These materials are either by-products of waste such as fly ash, slag, rice husk ash, and silica fume or from a geological resource like natural pozzolans and metakaolin (MK). Ideally, the utilization of SCMs will enhance the concrete performance, minimize

In this paper, a cognitive system based on a nonlinear neural controller and intelligent algorithm that will guide an autonomous mobile robot during continuous path-tracking and navigate over solid obstacles with avoidance was proposed. The goal of the proposed structure is to plan and track the reference path equation for the autonomous mobile robot in the mining environment to avoid the obstacles and reach to the target position by using intelligent optimization algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithms are used to finding the solutions of the mobile robot navigation problems in the mine by searching the optimal paths and finding the reference path equation of the optimal

Huwaiza marsh is considered the largest marsh in the southern part of Iraq. It is located between 31° and 31.75° latitude and extends over the Iraqi-Iranian border; but the largest part lies in Iraq. It is located to the east of Tigris River in Messan and Basra governorates.
In this research, the variation of some water quality parameters at different locations of Huwaiza marsh were studied to find out its efficacy in the treatment of the contamination coming from the wastewater outfall of Kahlaa brokendown sewage treatment plant which lies on the Kahlaa River. This rive is the main feeder of Huwaiza marsh. Ten water quality sampling locations were chosen in this marsh. The water samples were taken during 2009 for three months; Janu

The grouted ground anchor is the most used geotechnical element to transfer the tension load from the superstructure or the soil mass in front of the potential failure surface (active zone) to a deeper, efficient soil layer for its reliability and feasibility. It was originally constructed by inserting the tendon, usually a steel strand, into an already drilled borehole filled with cement grout. It was successfully used in the Cheurfas dam in Algeria in (1934). According to the load transfer mechanism, there are two types of ground anchors: tension-type and compression-type. The names of these two types of anchors refer to the developed stresses in the grouted body.  The present work presents a literature survey about t

Orthogonal multicode direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) has the flexibility in offering high data rate services. However, in a frequency-selective fading channel, the bit error rate (BER) performance is severely degraded since the orthogonality among spreading codes is partially lost. In this paper, frequency-domain equalization (FDE) and space antenna diversity combining are applied to orthogonal multicode DS-CDMA in order to restore the code orthogonality and improve the BER performance of the system. Two methods of FDE are considered, the first method based on fast Fourier transform (FFT), while the second method based on circulant matrices. Moreover, a channel interleaving method, called chip interleaving is used

AsSanna'f Marsh is one of the southern Iraqi Marshes. It is considered as a seasonal marsh. During rainy season, the marsh feeders start to fill the nearly empty region of the marsh and the water levels start to increase gradually. After the water level reaches a specific value, it starts to flow toward Al Huwayza Marsh. Studies on the hydrological properties of AsSanna'f Marsh are rare and there is a lack of hydrological data of AsSanna’f Marsh feeders. Generally, this paper was prepared to predict missing hydrological data, a procedure was developed and applied for this purpose, and to be used with the available hydrological and topographical data for modeling and analysis the hydrological properties of AsSanna’f Marsh. The topogra

The behavior of prestressed concrete box-girder bridges has been studied under short term loading.
The 20-noded isoparametric three-dimensional brick elements have been used to model the concrete
in the box-girder with its two cantilever flanges. The reinforcing bars are idealized as axial
members embedded within the brick elements. The behavior of concrete in compression was
simulated by an elastic-plastic work hardening model followed by a perfectly plastic response,
which is terminated at the onset of crushing. In tension, a smeared crack model with fixed
orthogonal cracks is used with the inclusion of models for the retained post-cracking stress and
reduced shear modulus. The prestressing forces in the tendons ar

Simulation  of  the  Linguistic  Fuzzy Trust  Model  (LFTM)  over  oscillating  Wireless  Sensor Networks (WSNs) where the goodness of the servers belonging to them could change along the time is presented in this paper, and the comparison between the outcomes achieved with LFTM model over oscillating WSNs with the outcomes obtained by applying the model over static WSNs where the servers maintaining always the same goodness, in terms of the selection percentage of trustworthy servers (the accuracy of the model) and the average path length are also presented here. Also in this paper the comparison between the LFTM and the Bio-inspired Trust and Reputation Model for Wireless Sensor Network

Innovative structural supports, known as skirted foundations, are primarily employed in offshore engineering. Skirted foundations extend below the footing like conventional shallow foundations and carry loads to deeper soil layers. A "skirt" is a wall that surrounds the foundation from one side or more, is connected to the foundation, and functions as a single unit. These skirts are essential for improving overall stability and transferring loads to more stable subsurface layers, which improves the foundation's performance.  Significant features of skirted foundations make them promising for economics and appropriate for use in constructions with large loads and poor soil conditions. It has been demonstrated that skirted foundations are

Reducing friction between orthodontic components, such as archwires and brackets, is crucial in contemporary orthodontic treatments. Coating these components is a significant method to achieve this goal. This research is aimed To investigate the tribological performance of nanocoated 316L stainless steel (SS)—one of the most widely used alloys in orthodontic archwire manufacturing—coated with vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), and niobium (Nb) via plasma sputtering at varying time intervals (1, 2, and 3 hours) under wet conditions simulating an oral in-service environment, which is unexplored previously in the existing literature. Using a computerized tribo-system applying 1 N for 20 minutes on coated SS substrates, the co

 procedure is presented to calculate an equivalent diameter for soil grains to be used to calculate the specific surface of the soil. The typical grain size distribution curve is expressed as a normal probability distribution cumulative curve and the frequency corresponding to the equivalent diameter is accordingly found. This frequency is adopted as the percent finer corresponding to the equivalent diameter. A relation is given for the calculation of the specific surface using the equivalent diameter. Grain size distribution curves of many soil samples are collected. A value for the specific surface of each soil is determined summing the surface area of subintervals in the distribution curve. The values of specific surface obtained

Seepage under earthen dams is considered a major factor in their stability. Statistics showed that 40% of dam failures are caused by foundation seepage. In this study, the finite element method was used to calculate the amount of seepage under (Haditha Dam, located on the Euphrates River. A simulation model was created for each decade, and the seepage amount was calculated for three decades. The results showed a match in the values and that the amount of seepage between the first and second decades increased by (0.000022 m³/s) or (7.62%). Seepage increased between the second and third decades by (0.000056 m³/s) or (17.89%). This increase is considered small for thr

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a proven effective in-situ technology for the removal of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from the subsurface. SVE process is highly sensitive to temperature.
Studying annual soil temperature variation with depth declares that there is a considerable temperature
variation in the upper few meters that may affect the overall efficiency of SVE process.
A numerical model was developed to aid in investigation of field-scale soil vapor extraction
process. The model is three-dimensional, time dependent that simulates nonisothermal vapor flow and
transport of multicomponent mixtures in soil and keeps track of the distribution of each compound in
the other three immobile phases (NAPL, aqueous,

This paper introduces a new method in the multispectral image fusion based on ridgelet
transform which represents edges better than wavelets. Since edges play a fundamental rule in
image understanding, one good way to enhance spatial resolution is to enhance the edges. Ridgelet
based image fusion method provides richer information in the spatial and spectral domains
simultaneously. Also another method introduced based on new Hybrid transform which is
improvement from the Ridgelet transform. Here we used our method to merge the panchromatic
image of IKONOS sensor (1m resolution) with its multispectral image (4m resolution). The
software used in this paper is (Matlab V 7.0.4 ).

This paper presents the dynamic responses of generators in a multi-machine power system.  The fundamental swing equations for a multi-machine stability analysis are revisited. The swing equations are solved to investigate the influence of a three-phase fault on the network largest load bus. The Nigerian 330kV transmission network was used as a test case for the study. The time domain simulation approach was explored to determine if the system could withstand a 3-phase fault. The stability of the transmission network is estimated considering the dynamic behaviour of the system under various contingency conditions. This study identifies Egbin, Benin, Olorunsogo, Akangba, Sakete, Omotosho and Oshogbo as the key buses w

Aiming at energy preservation and depending on the production of years of expertise and hard work of international research laboratories in the area of energy preservation and finding alternatives and undepleted energy sources in all aspects and various areas of the world, all these institutions asserted on following the Sustainable Design Method. It pursues the integrated building design method,
which is one of the modern methods in the domain of energy preservation . This method focuses on the building's perfection from the very first stages of the design process, Through integration between the building components and mechanical services and supplementary systems in it and the impact exchange positively among
them instead of

This paper proposes a novel control strategy for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to effectively mitigate voltage and current disturbances in three-phase four-wire (3P-4W) systems. Existing UPQC control approaches often struggle to address unbalanced load conditions, resulting in significant power quality degradation. This research addresses this gap by introducing a fast fuzzy logic (FFZ) controller, which, in comparison to traditional PI controllers, offers enhanced performance in managing DC voltage fluctuations and generating accurate reference currents for the shunt active filter. The proposed FFZ controller effectively minimizes the impact of unbalanced loads on DC voltage, reducing error and improving ov

The ability to produce load-bearing masonry units adopting ACI 211.1 mix design using (1:3.2:2.5) as (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) with slump range (25-50mm) which can conform (dimension, absorption, and compressive strength) within IQS 1077/1987 requirements type A was our main goal of the study. The ability to use low cement content (300 kg/m3) to handle our market price products since the most consumption in wall construction for low-cost buildings was encouraging. The use of (10 and 20%) of LECA as partial volume replacement of coarse aggregate to reduce the huge weight of masonry blocks can also be recommended. The types of production of the load-bearing masonry units were A and B for (