Rutting is one of the major distresses in pavement. The objective of this paper is to develop an improved asphalt binder grading system for Iraq based on the principal of Superpave system, and increasing performance grade of product asphalt binder in Iraq using polymers without raising the viscosity of the binder. Two types of polymers are used, Plastomers, Functionalized Polyethylene (PE) which is developed by asphalt research group in Wisconsin University in the USA, and Elastomers, Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) with and without cross linker. Mastercurve are drown for these modified binders, Rolling thin film aged, to show effects on rheological properties at high temperature for complex modulus (G*) and phas

Many organizations today are  interesting to implementing lean manufacturing principles  that should enable them to eliminating the wastes to reducing a  manufacturing lead time.  This paper concentrates on  increasing  the competitive level of the company in globalization markets and improving of the productivity by reducing the manufacturing lead time. This will be by using the main tool of lean manufacturing which is value stream mapping (VSM) to identifying all the activities of manufacturing process (value and non-value added activities) to reducing elimination of wastes (non-value added activities) by converting a manufacturing system to pull instead of push by applying some of pull system strategies a

This study included the convective air drying of a single sweet potato sample which is taken as an ellipsoid with (40mm) in the longitudinal direction and (20mm) in the thickness direction. Convective heat and mass transfer takes place between the sample surface and its drying environment; while, unsteady heat conduction and moisture diffusion take place within the drying body without phase change for liquid (evaporation occurs at the surface only). The numerical solution of the mass, energy conservation equations was used; by applying the finite difference technique after using the body fitted coordinate system with grid generation techniques. A set of empirical correlations have been employed to determine the product properties and the

The purpose of this paper is to gain a good understanding about wake region behind the car body due to the aerodynamic effect when the air flows over the road vehicle during its movement. The main goal of this study is to discuss the effect of the geometry on the wake region and the aerodynamic drag coefficient. Results will be achieved by using two different shapes, which are the fastback and the notchback. The study will be implemented by the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) by using STAR-CCM+^® software for the simulation. This study investigates the steady turbulent flow using k-epsilon turbulence model. The results obtained from the simulation show that the region of the air separation behind the vehicle

      An experimental and computational study is conducted to analyze the thermal performance of heat sinks and to pick up more profound information in this imperative field in the electronic cooling. One important approach to improve the heat transfer on the air-side of the heat exchanger is to adjust the fin geometry. Experiments are conducted to explore the impact of the changing of diverse operational and geometrical parameters on the heat sink thermal
performance. The working fluid used is air. Operational parameters includes: air Reynolds number (from 23597 to 3848.9) and heat flux (from 3954 to 38357 W/m
2 ). Conformational parameters includes: change the direction of air flow and the area of conduct

In this paper flotation method experiments were performed to investigate the removal of lead and zinc. Various parameters such as pH, air flow rate, collector concentrations, collector type and initial metal concentrations were tested in a bubble column of 6 cm inside diameter. High recoveries of the two metals have been obtained by applying the foam flotation process, and at relatively short time 45 minutes . The results show that the best removal of lead about 95% was achieved at pH value of 8 and the best removal of zinc about 93% was achieved
at pH value of 10 by using 100 mg/l of Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a collector and 1% ethanol as a frother. The results show that the removal efficiency increased with increasing initial m

Hand written recognition problem can be done in two major steps, first by separating each character alone and second by detecting the separated shape to its corresponding like alphabetic letter. A backpropagation neural network found to be a good artificial intelligence algorithm in facing character recognition problem.In this work, backpropagation neural network is used with 3-layers to detect and separate 26 English letter from (A to Z). In addition, a previous steps should be taken to detect the boundaries of each single written letter. Detecting a complete text can be done by separating each character through finding its boundaries, resizing the separated character to be suitable for pre-trained neural network, detecting the hand-wri

تُعَد اتصالات الموجات المليمترية (mmWave) حلولاً مبتكرة لشبكات الجيل الخامس وما بعدها، نظرًا للتطورات السريعة في عالم الاتصالات. تقدم هذه الورقة شبكة وصول راديوي سحابي غير متجانسة (HC-RAN) تستخدم نطاقات تردد الموجات المليمترية والأقل من 6 جيجاهرتز لتلبية هذه الحاجة. يتم تقديم ارتباطات المستخدمين بوحدات رؤوس الراديو البعيدة (RRHs) للتخفيف من التداخل وتعظيم إنتاجية الشبكة باستخدام خوارزمية (Q-Learning). توفر عمليات النشر

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) are structural members consisting of hollow steel tubes filled with concrete. Both steel and concrete work together to provide several advantages. The concrete increases the steel tube's resistance against local buckling while the steel tube confines the concrete, which increases its compressive strength. The use of CFST beams increased in high buildings due to their great mechanical properties. The researchers were interested in CFST beams because of their great ductility, stiffness, strength, and flexural capacity when compared to hollow steel beams. The properties of CFST beams were enhanced in several ways, for example, by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrapping, addin

This paper describes a practical study on the impact of learning's partners, Bluetooth Broadcasting system, interactive board, Real – time response system, notepad, free internet access, computer based examination, and interaction classroom, etc, had on undergraduate student performance, achievement and involving with lectures. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that the use of such learning techniques, tools, and strategies to improve student learning especially among the poorest performing students. Also, it gives some kind of practical comparison between the traditional way and interactive way of learning in terms of lectures time, number of tests, types of tests, student's scores, and student's involving with lectures

Biotreatment using immobilized cells (IC) technology has proved to be the most promising and most economical approach for the removal of many toxic organic pollutants found in petroleum-refinery wastewater (PRW) such as phenol. This study was undertaken to evaluate the degradation of phenol by Pseudomonas cells individually immobilized in two different bio-carrier matrices including polyvinyl alcohol-guar gum (PVA-GG) and polyvinyl alcohol-agar agar (PVA-AA). Results of batch experiments revealed that complete removal of phenol was attained in the first cycle after 150 min using immobilized cells (IC) in both PVA-GG and PVA-AA. Additional cycles were confirmed to evaluate the validity of recycling beads of immob

In recent years, there has been expanding development in the vehicular part and the number of vehicles moving on the road in all the sections of the country. Vehicle number plate identification based on image processing is a dynamic area of this work; this technique is used for security purposes such as tracking of stolen cars and access control to restricted areas. The License Plate Recognition System (LPRS) exploits a digital camera to capture vehicle plate numbers is used as input to the proposed recognition system. Basically, the developing system is consist of three phases, vehicle license plate localization, character segmentation, and character recognition, the License Plate (LP) detection is presented using canny

A constitutive law can be defined as a mathematical functional relation between physical quantities
such as stress and strain and may take other factors like time, temperature and additional material
properties into account. In this paper, the endochronic model is used to predict the stress-strain relations of two Iraqi clays. This model is a viscoplastic one but without introducing a yield surface. It encompasses
material behaviour such that the current stress state is a function of strain history through a time scale called “intrinsic time” which is not the absolute time but a material property. The simulation showed that the model overestimates the strains for all cases studied. This may be attributed to the material para

In this work, calculation of pressure losses in circulating system for two drilling muds is evaluated in Noor oil field. Two types of drilling muds that were used for drilling section 12 1/4" and 8 3/4" which are Salt saturated mud and Ferro Chrome Lignosulfonate-Chrome Lignite mud. These calculations are based on field data that were gathered from the drilling site of well Noor-15, which are included, rheological data, flow data and specification of drill string. Based on the obtained results, the best rheological model that fit their data is the Herschel-Bulkley model according to correlation coefficient value for their two drilling mud. Also, the difference between the calculated pressure lo

The research investigates the term innovation and its role in elaborating architectural practice based on diffusion. The complexity of the architectural field compared with other fields shows a problem in explaining how innovations in architecture diffuse as a thought and act in a certain context of practice. Therefore, the research aims to build an intellectual model that explains the way personal thoughts resembled by unique models introduced by creative and innovator designers diffuse in a certain pattern elaborate these models into a state of prevailing thought resembled by the movement in architecture. The research will apply its model to the more comprehensive movement in architecture, which is the modern movement,

This study examines the behavior of fatigue crack propagation in aluminum alloy sheets used in aircraft wings, with a particular focus on critical angles of attack (AOA). The widely utilized aluminum alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 were analyzed to determine the effects of varying AOAs, representing normal flight (5°) and takeoff/landing (10°) on crack growth rates. A comprehensive approach was adopted, integrating experimental testing, numerical simulations, and analytical modeling. Experimental methods included material characterization and multiaxial fatigue tests using an innovative apparatus. Numerical simulations conducted with ANSYS 2021 CFD evaluated stress distributions and crack propagation under different wind lo

The main title of the study is “THE GEOMETRICAL FORM IN MUSICAL HALL THROUGH THE CLASSICAL AND MODERN AGES” We live in a world full of sounds performed by human and different creatures which surround us from every direction, it’s not strange to know that acoustics has gone a long way through human experience because its related to many sides as mathematics and physics with accordance to architecture side, This side is related to the nature of space and its speech or music variation, each use has certain
determiners that affect the efficiency of acoustic performance. Musical halls have a main characteristic on the design and performing level through different periods. The architectural and acoustical literature's have dealt wi

Theoretical and experimental study has been conducted on developing laminar mixed convection heat transfer air flow through an annulus for both aiding and opposing flow with uniformly heated inner cylinder and adiabatic outer cylinder for the theoretical part and with uniformly heated inner cylinder while the outer cylinder is subjected to the ambient for the experimental part. In the theoretical investigation the energy equation was first solved using (ADI) method, and then the momentum equations and continuity equation were combined as the pressure correction formula and solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. The present theoretical work covers Ra range from 4.55*10 to 5.649 10° and Re range from 300 to 1000 with radius ratio of 0.555 and Pr

In this research, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) technique was applied in an attempt to predict the water levels and some of the water quality parameters at Tigris River in Wasit Government for five different sites. These predictions are useful in the planning, management, evaluation of the water resources in the area. Spatial data along a river system or area at different locations in a catchment area usually have missing measurements, hence an accurate prediction. model to fill these missing values is essential.
The selected sites for water quality data prediction were Sewera, Numania , Kut u/s, Kut d/s, Garaf observation sites. In these five sites models were built for prediction of the water level and water quality parameters.

Thermal pollution occurs when heated wastewater is discharged into rivers, lakes, oceans, or other water bodies. This will raise the temperature of the water body above its normal level and, consequently, will harm the aquatic live.
Thermal Pollution problems will intensify as electricity usage increases unless substantial changes are made in the mode of discharge of the heated water. This paper is aimed to study the effects of heated water released from South-Baghdad Power Station on the water quality of Tigris River. Many parameters are test such as: Temperature (T), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Hydrogen Ion (pH) and the dissolved oxygen (DO). Other parameters are tested t

A three-dimensional coupled finite element analysis algorithm is developed to predict the behaviour of single piles in clay. Three dimensional 20-noded brick elements are used in the analyses carried out on three documented field studies. Each node carries four degrees of freedom, three being for displacements in the three perpendicular space dimensions while the fourth is allocated for pore water pressure. The behaviour of the material of the pile is idealized through a linear elastic constitutive relationship while that for the soil by the Modified Cam-Clay model both extended to cover three-dimensional characteristics. The load-displacement results from the developed algorithm on the three selected problems from literature show a very

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of different outlet nozzle diameters, by using one or two nozzles on the performance of divergent vortex tube and also to determine the effects of various parameters on the vortex tube cooling performance such as: refrigeration capacity, coefficient of performance, isentropic efficiency. The experimental investigation was carried out on a divergent vortex tube rig manufactured for the present study covering all tests. The effect of different outlet nozzle diameters ( dn= 4 mm, dn = 5 mm, and dn= 6.5 mm) on the performance of the vortex tube is described by using one nozzle or two nozzles by varying the pressure of the inlet air and cold air mass ratio (μc) within the ranges (Pi abs=2 -

Rate of penetration plays a vital role in field development process because the drilling operation is expensive and include the cost of equipment and materials used during the penetration of rock and efforts of the crew in order to complete the well without major problems. It’s important to finish the well as soon as possible to reduce the expenditures. So, knowing the rate of penetration in the area that is going to be drilled will help in speculation of the cost and that will lead to optimize drilling outgoings. In this research, an intelligent model was built using artificial intelligence to achieve this goal.  The model was built using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system to predict the rate of penetration in

In this study, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of Al₂O₃-water nanofluids for a range of the Reynolds number of 3000, 4500, 6000 and 7500 with a range of volume concentration of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% are studied numerically. The test rig consists of cold liquid loop, hot liquid loop and the test section which is counter flow double pipe heat exchanger with 1m length. The inner tube is made of smooth copper with diameter of 15mm. The outer tube is made of smooth copper with diameter of 50mm. The hot liquid flows through the outer tube and the cold liquid (or nanofluid) flow through the inner tube. The boundary condition of this study is thermally insulated the outer wall with uniform velocity a

This paper demonstrates the construction designing analysis and control strategies for fully tracking concentrated solar thermal by using programmable logic control in the city of Erbil-Iraq. This work used the parabolic dish as a concentrated solar thermal. At the focal point, the collected form of energy is used for heating a (water) in the receiver, analyzing this prototype in real-time with two different shapes of the receiver and comparing the results. For tracking the parabolic dish, four light-dependent resistors are used to detect the sun's position in the sky so that the tracking system follows it to make the beam radiation perpendicular to the collector surface all of the time during the day for maximum solar p

This article aims to establish and evaluate standards for critical equipment and materials in highway projects in Iraq. Delphi technique has been used to analyze, explore, and discover the main criteria and sub-criteria that affect equipment and materials in highway construction projects in Iraq. To determine the correct response to the criteria presented in this study, a program (IBM, SPSS/V25) was used to assess the main criteria and sub-criteria using the mean score (MS) and standard deviation (SD) technique, as well as to check reliability using Cronbach's alpha factor (α). The experts' qualifications and the extent to which the person is ready to commit are both important factors in panel selection. The design of a

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of corrosive environment (corrosive ferric chloride of 1, 2, 5, 6% wt. at room temperature), immersion period of (48, 72, 96, 120, 144 hours), and surface roughness on pitting corrosion characteristics and use the data to build an artificial neural network and test its ability to predict the depth and intensity of pitting corrosion in a variety of conditions. Pit density and depth were calculated using a pitting corrosion test on carbon steel (C-4130). Pitting corrosion experimental tests were used to develop artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting pitting corrosion characteristics. It was found that artificial neural network models were shown to be

The effect of applied current on protection of carbon steel in 0.1N NaCl solution (pH=7) was investigated under flow conditions (0-0.262 m/s) for a range of temperatures (35-55°C) using rotating cylinder electrode. Various values of currents were applied to protect steel from corrosion, these were Iapp.=Icorr., Iapp.=2Icorr. and Iapp.=2.4Icorr. under stationary and flow conditions. Corrosion current was measured by weight loss method. The variation of protection potential with time and rotation velocity at various applied currents was assessed. It is found that the corrosion rate of carbon steel increases with rotation velocity and
has unstable trend with temperature. The protection current required varies with temperature and it inc

This research aims to create lightweight concrete mixtures containing waste from local sources, such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads and waste plastic fibers (WPFs), all are cheap or free in the Republic of Iraq and without charge. The modern, rigid, and mechanical properties of LWC were investigated, and the results were evaluated. Three mixtures were made, each with different proportions of plastic fibers (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%), in addition to a lightweight concrete mixture containing steak fibers (0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%), in addition to a lightweight concrete mixture. It contains 20% EPS. The study found that the LWC caused by the addition of WPFs reduced the density (lightweight) of the concrete mixtures because EPS tends

Worldwide, enormous amounts of waste cause major environmental issues, including scrap tires and plastic, and large waste, a consequence of the demolition of buildings, including crushed concrete, crushed clay bricks, and crushed thermo-stone. From that point, it’s possible to consider that the recycling processes for these materials and using them in the manufacturing field will reduce the adverse effects on the environment of these wastes and the consumption of natural resources. Sustainable concrete blocks can be considered as one of the products produced by using these materials as partial volume replacement of the coarse, fine aggregate, or cement content, considering their dry density, workability, absorption, co