A new mathematical model for three-dimensional thin-walled curved beam element of closed
section with seven degree-of-freedom per node is derived using the finite element procedure. The
seventh degree-of-freedom is to account for warning restraint effects in thin-walled closed sections.
These effects may become significant and should be fully considered in such sections for which
warping deformations are relatively large. This model considers the coupled action due to the
curved geometry of the element using its exact static behavior in the derivation of the displacement
field. Also, the modei considers the non-uniform torsional behavior of closed thin-walled sections
in cases where additional axial direct stresses a

Permanent deformations (rutting) of asphalt pavements which appear in many roads in Iraq.
have caused a major impact on pavement performance by reducing the useful service life of
pavement and creating services hazards for highway users. Therefore, it is important to analyze and
investigate this type of distress.
The objectives of the present paper include; the analysis of the main contributory factors
influencing rutting, and development of statistical model for the prediction of permanent
deformation in paving materials. To achieved these objectives for the requirements of data collection. five types of gradation. (40-50) asphalt cement and different types of filler are used to prepare three hundred sixty asphalt conc

The present work investigates the effect of some of the variables in spot tungsten inert gas shielded
welding (TIG Spot) for (Aluminum-Magnesium) alloy type(5052-O) which is non–heat treatable
alloy for its wide industrial uses and applications in field of welding technology.
TIG Spot welding was performed by using tungsten electrode (EWTh2)of diameter (3.2mm) and
DC current with direct polarity (DCSP) at constant shielded gas flow rate (15litre/min).
The welded specimens were tested by using the Instron machine to determine the maximum shear
force (shear strength ) of spot welded and to define the optimum conditions of spot welding
variables in relation to the weld current, weld time and arc length of welding to

This Paper aims an identifying the tests of mosaic tiles and incorporated it into management
systems, to assist, authors of system that has mosaic tiles is technically accepted (accept lie).
This paper presents the important tests taken from the British specifications adding to it other tests
which might be necessary to complement the test of the tile that has been technically accepted. The
results that were depended on were numbers which might be nearer to reality respecting the used
tiles whose results were taken from:
1- The tests that were performed in the lab of testing constructional material/College of Engineering/ University of Baghdad.
2- The test that were performed in the National Center of Constructional

An iterative solution procedure necessarily involves pre- specified convergence criteria to stop teration. The Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming procedure to solve optimization problems formulated by the Dynamic Programming is an iterative solution procedure which, in its traditional form, involves two convergence criteria, namely, (a) and (B). The research used the optimum operation of an existing complex water resources system as a case study. The objective function was formulated as the maximum real monetary return. The formulated optimization model was run for a total of (194) different operation cases. Beside the traditional (a) and (B), seven new styles for a unique convergence criterion were examined in the solution. Consi

The paper presents research results of the vibration transmitted from the steering wheel of the
tractor with a 2-wheel drive to the driver’s hands. The vibration measurements were carried out on the
tractor randomly chosen from the collage of agriculture / university of Baghdad. Before testing the
tractor was examined and adjusted following the producer’s recommendations. The vibration levels
were measured during the operation tillage at idling and at full load .The field was 3١٫٧ m above level
sea. Soil was treated at soil constant moisture (1٧-20 %) with depth of plowing (١٧ cm). During
operation the weather temperature was measured (15 C) and humidity was ( 27 % ) The vibration level
on the steering whee

Many researchers tried to prevent or reduce moisture damage and its sensitivity to temperature to improving the performance of hot mix asphalt because it is decreasing the functional and structural life of fixable pavement due to the moisture damage had exposed to it.

The main objective of this study is to inspect the effect of (fly ash “3%, 6%, 12%”, hydrated lime”5%, 10%, 20%” and silica fumes”1%, 2%, 4%) referring to previous research by the net weight asphalt cement as a modified material on the moisture and temperature sensitivity of hot mix asphalt. This was done using asphalt from AL-Nasiria refinery with penetration grade 40-50, nominal maximum size (12.5) mm (surface course) of aggregate and on

This paper addresses the use of adaptive sliding mode control for the servo actuator system with friction. The adaptive sliding mode control has several advantages over traditional sliding mode control method. Firstly, the magnitude of control effort is reduced to the minimal admissible level defined by the conditions for the sliding mode to exist. Secondly, the upper bounds of uncertainties are not required to be known in advance. Therefore, adaptive sliding mode control method can be effectively implemented. The numerical simulation via MATLAB 2014a for servo actuator system with friction is investigated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive sliding mode control scheme. The results clarify, after

The present research is concerned with experimental and analytical studies of prestressed concrete spliced and non-spliced girder models. The test groups consisted of (16) girders of rectangular sections. Eight girders are spliced while the other eight are reference non - spliced girders. Each spliced girder is composed of three concrete segments connected by splices of ordinary reinforced concrete with hooked dowels different locations. The tested girders were of single span or continuous over intermediate supports. For single span girders two splices were used and post-tensioning was carried out for the full assembled girder. For the continuous girders pre-tensioned segments were connected by splices at quarter spans.Concentrated or un

Reduction of noise and vibration in spur gear experimentally by using asymmetric teeth profiles with tip relief was presented. Both of classical (symmetric) and asymmetric (with and without tip relief) spur gears are used in this work. Gear test rig was constructed to achieve torsional vibration measuring, and two modified cutters are designed and manufactured to achieve tooth profile modifications. First to cut asymmetric gear tooth with pressure angles (14.5^o/25 ^o) without tip relief for loaded and unloaded tooth sides respectively, and second to cut asymmetric gear tooth with pressure angles (14.5^o/25 ^o) for loaded and unloaded tooth sides respectively with tip relief to ach

An analytical approach based on field data was used to determine the strength capacity of large diameter bored type piles. Also the deformations and settlements were evaluated for both vertical and lateral loadings. The analytical predictions are compared to field data obtained from a proto-type test pile used at Tharthar –Tigris canal Bridge. They were found to be with acceptable agreement of 12% deviation.

               Following ASTM standards D1143M-07e1,2010, a test schedule of five loading cycles were proposed for vertical loads and series of cyclic loads to simulate horizontal loading .The load test results and analytical data of 1.95

This research presents a numerical study to simulate the heat transfer by forced convection as a result of fluid flow inside channel’s with one-sided semicircular sections and fully filled with porous media. The study assumes that the fluid were Laminar , Steady , Incompressible and inlet Temperature was less than Isotherm temperature of a Semicircular sections .Finite difference techniques were used to present the governing equations (Momentum, Energy and Continuity). Elliptical Grid is Generated using Poisson’s equations . The Algebraic equations were solved numerically by using (LSOR (.This research studied the effect of changing the channel shapes on fluid flow and heat transfer  in two cases ,the first: cha

the present investigation is concerned with thesevaluation of creep behavior of concrete under variable temperature and relative humidity. It includes analytical and experimental parts. In the analytical part, BP-KX creep model is presented. As this model  considers temperature and relative humidity to be constant, it was modified through considering them to be variable with time, which is the usual case. Functions for the daily variation of these two parameters, according to Baghdad climate, were developed and substituted in the model. In the experimental part, three series of cylindrical specimens (100mm x 200mm) were prepared for the creep test. In series (1), the temperature was raised and simultaneously the relative humidity wa

In the present work , a numerical study has been made for the developing compressible turbulent flow and heat transfer in circular tube with uniform injection or suction. The study included the numerical solution of the continuity, momentum and energy equations together with the two equations of the (k-ε) turbulence model, by using the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The air was used as the working fluid, and the circular passage was composed of tube with diameter (20.0) cm , and the length was 130 (hydraulic diameter) .The Reynolds number of the flow was (Re=1.78x106 ), and the Mach number (M=0.44) the ratio of the transverse velocity at the wall (vw) to the axial velocity at inlet (Uin), Ω=(vw/Uin), for suction equal(0.001) and for i

For a multicomponent competitive adsorption of furfural and phenolic compounds, a mathematical model was built to describe the mass transfer kinetics in a fixed bed column with
activated carbon. The effects of competitive adsorption equilibrium constant, axial dispersion, external mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion resistance on the breakthrough curve were studied for weakly adsorbed compound (furfural) and strongly compounds (parachlorophenol and phenol). Experiments were carried out to remove the furfural and phenolic compound from aqueous solution. The equilibrium data and intraparticle diffusion coefficients obtained from separate experiments in a batch absorber, by fitting the experimental data with theoretical model. T

In this paper a theoretical analysis of South Baghdad and Dura power plant is carried out
according to second law of thermodynamic depending on entropy (irreversibility coefficient or lost work) method instead of exergy (availability) method. In the used entropy method. The power plant is divided into main blocks ( boiler, turbine, condenser, and feed water heater and pumps ). The irreversibility losses and coefficient for each block are calculated and then the overall irreversibility and thermal efficiency of the plant are calculated. The results of this work are compared with previous results, that depending on exergy method. The comparison of results show that both methods give approximately the same results since both of them r

Gypseous Soils are distributed in many regions in the world including Iraq, which cover about
(31.7%) of the surface area of the country. Existence of these soils, some times with high gypsum
content, caused difficult problems to the buildings and strategic projects due to dissolution and
leaching of the gypsum slates by the action of water flow through the soil mass.
In this study the effect of treatment with Dihydrate Calcium Chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) as water
solution on compaction, compressibility, leaching, permeability and shear strength characteristics of
Gypseous soil is investigated. It is found that the maximum dry unit weight increases while optimum moisture content decreases with the increase in the concentratio

Asphalt Hot Mix (HMA) is mainly applied in highway construction in Iraq because of its economic advantage and easy maintenance. Various factors impact the performance of HMA in the field. It is one of the significant impacts on aggregate gradation. The Universal Specification for Roads and Bridges in Iraq (SCRB) limits the different types of asphalt layers and allows for designed tolerance aggregate gradation. It is quite hard for contractors in the present asphalt industries to achieve the required job mix because of sieves' control problems. This study focuses on the effects on the required specification performance of aggregate deviations by using original and modified asphalt binder with AC(40-50) and

Productivity estimating of a construction operation is an essential tool for the successful completion of the construction process. Productivity of a construction operation is defined as output of the system per unit of time. In this research Artificial Neural Networks approaches are presented. The main reason for using neural nerworks for construction productivity estimation is the requirement of performing complex mapping of environment and management factors to productivity. A generic description of the artificial neural networks model is provided, followed by summarized factors that affect ceramic labor productivity, then neural-network model are developed for Estimating ceramic walls productivity, the input data for the model based

The need for strengthening structural members is well known and research is progressing in this field. In recent years the use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for strengthening has shown to be a efficient method both regarding structural performance and economical aspects. However, most of the research in this field has been undertaken on concrete of old and damaged structures and for flexural and shear strengthening. So, this paper presents axially loaded steel columns strengthened for increased load capacity and improved stability. The topic is studied theoretically. The theory covers analytical method, and a numerical finite elements (FE) analysis. Different types of most common commercial FRP systems have been examined and used in

An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of operating parameters on the permeable conductivity and product rate were studied for reverse osmosis process. The parameters studied were:- conductivity of feed water in the range of (1000-1500 us/cm), pH in the range of (4-10) and operating pressure in the range of (3-6 bar). The best operating conditions, which lead to good quantity and quality for water product, are: (1000 ms/cm) conductivity of feed water, (7) pH, and (6 bar) operating pressure. At these conditions the permeable conductivity is (52.905 us/cm), and the product rate is (328.143 l/hr)

in this study a proposed design for reinforced conerete barriers in industrial units is presented. The barriers are deemed to mitigate the hazards of internal explosions to protect the surroundings. The Technical Manual (TM5-1300) for fortified struetures recommends the use of lacing reinforcement barrier walls when the plastic rotation exceeds a specified limit. Such reinforcement is essential in shear design but it needs special skill and additional cost. To avoid using lacing reinforcement, walls of grillage system is proposed in this study to reduce the plastic rotation of pancls. The panels are designed to respond plastically, while the grillage members respond clastieally. This is advantageous from reeruiting point of view since on

ان أحد فوائد الخرسانة المسلحة بألياف البولي بروبلين هي مقاومتها الأحمال الصدم والأنفجار، ويقدم هذا البحث تجارب مختبرية إضافية حول مقاومة وسلوكية الألواح الخرسانية المسلحة بألياف البولي بروبلين تحت تأثير أحمال الصدم والأنفجار. أن الأبحاث المنشورة حول هذا الموضوع قليلة ومعظمها يصعب الحصول عليها لكونها ذات طابع سري.

كما يتضمن البحث إجراء فحوص مختبرية على نماذج من الخرسانة المسلحة بألياف البولي بروبلين

Editorial Board

تم اجراء عدد من التجارب المختبرية لاجل ايجاد علاقة بين رقم نسلت ورقم رالي وكذلك لدراسة تأثير زاوية الميل
ومستوى التسخين في معدل انتقال الحرارة بالحمل الحر من صفائح مستطيلة ذات ثقب مستطيل مسخنة (mA) تثقيب المساحة
106 ). نتائج الدراسة ≤Ra≤3.96× بثبوت درجة الحرارة وبوجود أسطح امتداد، وضمن منطقة الجريان الطباقي لرقم رالي ( 106
(mA) يقل فيما يزداد انحدار درجات الحرارة عند زيادة رقم كراشوف ونسبة التثقيب (δ) بينت إن سمك

هذه الرسالة هي دراسة للمتغيرات الاجتماعية الخاصة بالعائلة العراقية والمتغيرات المرتبطة بما يحصل في المجتمع واثرهما على انواع التغيرات
التصميمية الحاصلة للدور السكنية بعد انشائها. اذ يكون البحث معالجا لمشكلة عدم وضوح المعرفة الدقيقة عن نوع العلاقة بين الظواهر الاجتماعية من
جهة وظواهر التغير والتحوير الحاصلة على الدور السكنية المنشأة، عند إشغالها من قبل الأسرة وذلك في العراق عموما وبغداد على وجه الخصو

AshShinnafiyah and AsSamawa cities suffer from significant increase in salinity of Euphrates River water compared with their counterpart's north AshShinnafiyah city which is reflected adversely on the quality of water within the study area. The study aims to find possible solutions to avoid the deterioration of Euphrates River northern AshShinnafiyah city until AsSamawa city that were
presented by total dissolved solid TDS. Twelve main hydrological and fifteen salinity measurement stations were selected to cover 117 km of the river reach within the study area during July-2011. Additional twenty three hydrological and salinity stations were adopted during March-2012, winter season to the river within the study area. After conducting t

Pore pressure means the pressure of the fluid filling the pore space of formations. When pore pressure is higher than hydrostatic pressure, it is named abnormal pore pressure or overpressure. When abnormal pressure occurred leads to many severe problems such as well kick, blowout during the drilling, then, prediction of this pressure is crucially essential to reduce cost and to avoid drilling problems that happened during drilling when this pressure occurred. The purpose of this paper is the determination of pore pressure in all layers, including the three formations (Yamama, Suliay, and Gotnia) in a deep exploration oil well in West Qurna field specifically well no. WQ-15 in the south of Iraq. In this study, a new appro

Solar energy usage in Iraq is facing many issues; one of those is the accumulation “of the dust on the surface of the solar module which” would highly lower its efficiency. The present work study the effect of dust accumulation” on installing fixed solar modules with different inclined angles 15^o, 33^o, 45^o, 60^o. Evaluation of the solar modules performance under different circumstance conditions such as rain, wind and humidity are considered in study of dust effect on solar module performance. The results show that the lowest output average efficiencies of solar modules occurs at 15^o horizontally inclined angle are 7.4% , 6.7% , 8.0% , 8.1%, and 8.4% for the cor

The coefficient of friction was experimentally calculated for aluminum-silicon alloys by
connecting a strain gauge to the arm of pin-on-disc wear machine in order to take microstrain
readings from the strain-meter. As-cast and modified aluminum-silicon alloys were thermally
homogenized for long periods of time (1-40hr) in order to study the effect of homogenization on
friction. Scanning electron microscopy was successfully used to build up the mechanism of surface
damage during sliding. The results showed that the coefficient of friction was increased with
increasing bearing pressure for as-cast, modified and homogenized aluminum-silicon alloys.
Thermal homogenization led clearly to remarkable changes in the friction