This study focused on two areas in AL-Najaf city, AL-Ruhbah and Al-Haydariyah regions because of the importance and widespread use of groundwater in these areas. The two areas were compared quantitatively and qualitatively. For the quantitative approach, the GMS software was used in conjunction with the GIS software to simulate the groundwater flow behavior. The solid model for both areas was created, the geological formation was determined, and the hydraulic properties were identified using GMS software. To test the quantity of groundwater in both areas, the wells have been redistributed to a distance of 2000 m between them, and a period of 1000 days was chosen. When a discharge of 10 l/s and operation times of 4, 8, an

Rotating fan shaft system was investigated experimentally and theoretically to study its dynamic performance. The type of oil used for the bearing was taken in consideration during the experimental program .Three types of oil were used, SAE 40, SAE 50 and degraded oil. During the experiments, the fan blades stagger angle was changed through angles (20˚, 30˚, 40˚, and 50˚). The shaft rotational speed also changed in the range of (0-3000 rpm). All these parameters have investigated for two cases (balanced and unbalanced fan). The performance parameters of the fan were found experimentally by measuring the fan, volume flow rate, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, efficiency and pressure head. Analytical part was also represented to prepare

Due to the great evolution in digital commercial cameras, several studies have addressed the using of such cameras in different civil and close-range applications such as 3D models generation. However, previous studies have not discussed a precise relationship between a camera resolution and the accuracy of the models generated based on images of this camera. Therefore the current study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the derived 3D buildings models captured by different resolution cameras. The digital photogrammetric methods were devoted to derive 3D models using the data of various resolution cameras and analyze their accuracies. This investigation involves selecting three different resolution cameras (low, medium and

The usage of remote sensing techniques in managing and monitoring the environmental areas is increasing due to the improvement of the sensors used in the observation satellites around the earth. Resolution merge process is used to combine high resolution one band image with another one that have low resolution multi bands image to produce one image that is high in both spatial and spectral resolution. In this work different merging methods were tested to evaluate their enhancement capabilities to extract different environmental areas; Principle component analysis (PCA), Brovey, modified (Intensity, Hue ,Saturation) method and High Pass Filter methods were tested and subjected to visual and statistical comparison for evaluation. Both visu

The road transportation system is considered as major component of the infrastructure in any country, it affects the developments in economy and social activities. The Asphalt Concrete which is considered as the major pavement material for the road transportation system in Baghdad is subjected to continuous deterioration with time due to traffic loading and environmental conditions, it was felt that implementing a comprehensive pavement maintenance management system (PMMS), which should be capable for preserving the functional and structural conditions of pavement layers, is essential. This work presents the development of PMMS with Visual inspection technique for evaluating the Asphalt Concrete pavement surface condition; common types o

Growth of cities made Urban Designers and Planners determine to the extent that need to
knew solutions appear to maintain and analyze data, especially regarding dealing with 3D
geometrical information and concepts integration on building them to enable analysis and ensure
3D rapid visualization as complication and mutual relations among various data types (3D spatial
and non -spatial) and users vary greatly that current information systems face difficulty in dealing
with, analyses and completing them, confusing the process of Urban Planning and conduct
nowadays rather than a decade ago; it was necessary to set an attempt to combine available
technology components and develop new concepts to conclude a system that mee

In this research the behavior of reinforced concrete columns with large side openings under impact loads was studied. The overall cross sectional dimensions of the column specimens used in this research were (500*1400) mm with total height of (14000) mm. The dimensions of side openings were (600*2000) mm. The column was reinforced with (20) mm diameter in longitudinal direction, while (12) mm ties were used in the transverse direction. The effect of eccentric impact loads on the horizontal and vertical displacement for this column was studied.                              &

This paper presents numerical and experimental stress analyses to evaluate the contact and bending stresses on the teeth of spiral bevel gear drive. Finite Element Method has been adopted as a numerical technique which accomplished basically by using ANSYS software package. The experimental stress analysis has been achieved by using a gear tooth model made of Castolite material which has photoelastic properties. The main goal of this research is detecting the maximum tooth stresses to avoid the severe areas that caused tooth failure and to increase the working life for this type of gear drives.

This research aims to study the effect of microwave furnace heat on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of aluminum alloy (AA 2024-T3). Four conditions were used inside microwave furnace (specimens subjected to heat as dry for 30 and 60min. and specimens subjected to heat as wet (water) for 30 and 60 min.), and compared all results with original alloy (AA 2024-T3). Tensile, fatigue, hardness and surface roughness tests were used in this investigation. It is found that hardness of dry conditions is higher than wet conditions and it increases with increasing of time duration inside microwave furnace for dry and wet conditions. Also, tensile strength has the same behavior of hardness, but it increases with decreasing

Quality control charts are limited to controlling one characteristic of a production process, and it needs a large amount of data to determine control limits to control the process. Another limitation of the traditional control chart is that it doesn’t deal with the vague data environment. The fuzzy control charts work with the uncertainty that exists in the data. Also, the fuzzy control charts investigate the random variations found between the samples. In modern industries, productivity is often of different designs and a small volume that depends on the market need for demand (short-run production) implemented in the same type of machines to the production units. In such cases, it is difficult to determine the contr

The current research illustrates experimentally the effect of series and parallel connection (Z-I Configurations) of flat plate water solar collectors array on the thermal performance of closed loop solar heating system. The study includes the effect of changing the water flow rate on the thermal efficiency. The results show that, the collector's efficiency in series connection is higher than the parallel connection within flow rate level less than (100) ℓ/hr. Moreover, the collector efficiency in parallel connection of (I-Configurations) is more than the (Z- Configurations) with increasing the water flow rate .The maximum daily efficiency for parallel (I-Configurations) and (Z- Configurations) are (55%) and (51%) at w

Moisture damage is a primary mode of distress occurring in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements in Iraq. Because of the loss of bond, or stripping, caused by the presence of moisture between the asphalt and aggregate, which is a problem in some areas and can be severe in some cases, it is requires to evaluate the design asphalt mixture to moisture susceptibility. Many factors such as aggregate characteristics, asphalt characteristics, environment, traffic, construction practices and drainage can contribute to stripping. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content by superpave system and then tested to evaluate their engineering properties, which include tensile strength, resilient modulus, and perman

تعتمد فرضية البحث على وجود ظاهرة عامة في إعمال المقاولات لدى المقاولين وهي
تجاوز الكلف الحقيقية المصروفة خلال مرحلة التنفيذ عن الكلف التخمينية للمقاولات الإنشائية
في مرحلة تقديم العطاء مما يسبب العجز المالي والمشاكل الاقتصادية للمقاولين.تبنى البحث
دورة حياة بناء النظام التي تمر بمراحل مختلفة هي تحديد المشكلة وتحليلها وتصميم النظام
الإداري المقترح.ولانجاز ذلك تم دراسة النظم العالمية والمحلية المع

Mansuriya Gas field is an elongated anticlinal structure aligned from NW to SE, about 25 km long and 5-6 km wide. Jeribe formation is considered the main reservoir where it contains condensate fluid and has a uniform thickness of about 60 m. The reservoir is significantly over-pressured, (TPOC, 2014).

This research is about well logs analysis, which involves the determination of Archie petrophysical parameters, water saturation, porosity, permeability and lithology. The interpretations and cross plots are done using Interactive Petrophysics (IP) V3.5 software.

The rock parameters (a, m and n) values are important in determining the water saturation where (m) can be calcul

A robust video-bitrate adaptive scheme at client-aspect plays a significant role in keeping a good quality of video streaming technology experience. Video quality affects the amount of time the video has turned off playing due to the unfilled buffer state. Therefore to maintain a video streaming continuously with smooth bandwidth fluctuation, a video buffer structure based on adapting the video bitrate is considered in this work. Initially, the video buffer structure is formulated as an optimal control-theoretic problem that combines both video bitrate and video buffer feedback signals. While protecting the video buffer occupancy from exceeding the limited operating level can provide continuous video str

When the flange of a reinforced concrete spandrel beam is in tension, current design codes and specifications enable a portion of the bonded flexure tension reinforcement to be distributed over an effective flange width. The flexural behavior of the RC L-shaped spandrel beam when reinforcement is laterally displaced in the tension flange is investigated experimentally and numerically in this work. Numerical analysis utilizing the finite element method is performed on discretized flanged beam models validated using experimentally verified L-shaped beam specimens to achieve study objectives. A parametric study was carried out to evaluate the influence of various factors on the beam’s flexure behavior. Results showed that

Phase change materials are known to be good in use in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems, but one of their drawbacks is the slow melting and solidification processes. So that, in this work, enhancing heat transfer of phase change material is studied experimentally for in charging and discharging processes by the addition of high thermal conductive material such as copper in the form of brushes, which were added in both PCM and air sides. The additions of brushes have been carried out with different void fractions (97%, 94% and 90%) and the effect of four different air velocities was tested. The results indicate that the minimum brush void fraction gave the maximum heat transfer in PCM and reduced the time

This paper presents a proposed method for speed estimation of asynchronous motor in Direct Torque Control (DTC) system, based on a new architecture of multi-basis wavenet model. Such multi-basis model utilizes multi-set daughter wavelets. Firstly, the structure and training algorithm of the proposed method is discussed. The descent gradient method is used to fulfill both system structure and parameters initialization. Secondly, the proposed speed estimator and the DTC asynchronous motor are combined based on stator current signal and the motor speed is then estimated online with the operation of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is proved by simulation carried out using Matlab/Simulink library and compared with the ac

The separation of lead ions from wastewater was carried out in an electrocoagulation cell which has a set of electrodes, aluminum anode and stainless steel cathode. The effect of several working parameters such as pH, current density, initial lead concentration, electrodes surface area, gap between electrodes and sodium chloride concentration on the performance of electrocoagulation cell were examined. From the experiments found that the higher removal efficiency achieved at pH 9, with increasing current density and decreasing gap between electrodes the removal efficiency enhanced and the treatment time decreased. Using a flowrate of 0.025 l/min after (7min) electrolysis, the Pb(II) concentration decay from (250mg/l) to only (2.5mg/

The regeneration of spent transformer oil taken from Al-Dora power station was studied. The regeneration process includes settling, filtration, thermo vacuum evaporation, and clay treatment. The settling was done by gravity to remove the mechanical particles. The filtration was done by filter paper [whatman quality! and 18.5 cm diameter). Thermo vacuum evaporation at 175°C and 241 mm Hg was used for removing the dissolved water and light petroleum impurities. The clay treatment was used for final improvement of transformer oil properties. Iraqi clay. Algerian clay and zeolite (A) were used and the results were compared. It was studied the effect of clay to oil ratio and the mixing time on the water content, break down voltage and the ac

The present study deals with the removal of oil from wastewater by organoclay. The organoclay was prepared by combination of Iraqi bentonite with quaternary amine (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride). The wastewater samples were obtained from the washing unit of fuel oil in the "South Baghdad Gas Power Plant. The operating conditions of batch process for removal of oil from wastewater by using the prepared organoclays were studied in details (quantity of organoclay, mixer speed and time of adsorption). Initial concentration of wastewater used in this study was within a maximum range of 230-1512 mg/L. XRD and FTIR diagram of the prepared organoclay showed a considerable differences from those for natural bentonite which indicates the ex

As cooling air using water injection was limited by a range of humidity ratio so indirect humidification for air consider, this research take the study of heat transfer through a perpendicular plate heat exchanger to discover the influence optimum conditions on dehumidification efficiency and the amount of heat transfer energy across the plates of heat exchanger so calculating dehumidification efficiency and the amount of heat transfer energy across the plates of heat exchanger depending on the change of primary and secondary air flow rate using an experimental apparatus with an instruments for measuring air flow rate dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature on air entry and exit sections, experimental procedure by fixing primary ai

During the last 5 decades, it is evident that there is a drastic need for close cooperation between the Iraqi architect and other engineers, technicians working with him, towards solving particular problems related to materials, system building technology in Iraq.The architect need to become a leader of the building team instead of becoming"a Hero". The research develop a light weight modular block (25x25x12.5cm), equivalent in volume to 3 bricks (25x12.5x7.5 cm). The proposed modular block use broken or crushed bricks as an aggregate instead of stone. The block can be handled easily, it can be produced mechanically 1.e. via compressors or manually. The research cover the use of recycled "broken or crushed" bricks by making samples, reco

This research is concerned with defining specific analytical terms that could be used in observing the architectural product from a technological view point. This was achieved by founding an inclusive analytical structure for architectural technology based on the 
view of technology philosopher Carl Mitcham, who states that technology, at a given time and place, could be observed through its four manifestations: Objects, Process, Knowledge and Volition. The research has showed that these manifestations  define architectural technology as the actual context within which relations between components of these manifestations emerge, get organized and change. Five analytical terms have been induced: materials and their processing

The ECG is used for the clinical analysis of physiological data has occurred in the field of cardiology. Certain abnormalities of the ECG are quite well defined and can be readily identified. The digital signal processing Slantlet Transform is used in the feature extraction of ECG monitoring and Diagnosis system to convert the continuous ECG signal to a form can be classified by a classifier of the ECG monitoring and Diagnosis system to detect the cardiac abnormalities.In this paper, FPGA is used to build the slantlet Transform of the ECG feature extraction VHDL program of FPGA is used in the work, the obtained output results are similar to the past work results, which is built by using Mat Lab program, in accuracy and closing to the ori

In the field of gear design, to apply any form of analysis (such as FEA, dynamic, and stress analyses), a delicate and accurate representation of the gear geometry is essential. It is the foundation for any design modification attempts, and any approximation of the tooth profile must be avoided. In the literature, many approximations were held to the involute tooth geometry, particularly in the filet region, where it was simply represented by a straight line or circular arc instead of a true trochoidal arc from a generation process. This approach might lead to inaccurate bending stress results, as it fails to detect the impact of the undercut or the profile correction process. Other common approximations have been widely

One of the challenges that arises frequently when carrying out residential investment projects is building delays. This study aims to fill this gap and add more to the body of knowledge about residential investment projects in Iraq. The research methodology was divided into two sections: one on previous studies, as mentioned in this research, and the other on techniques and tools for reducing residential project delays. The researcher concluded that there are several issues with residential projects, like inadequate project comprehension, outdated methods, untrained contractors, etc. This issue is not readily resolved and can have a detrimental effect on the project's outcome, including cost overruns, subpar work, a lack

Rutting is a significant problem in flexible asphalt pavements, causing permanent deformation. Increased traffic, axle load, tire pressure, and hot weather have recently accelerated rutting in flexible pavements. Several researchers have suggested using nanomaterials to improve asphalt pavement and prolong its lifespan. The nano clay chosen for this study is a natural, hydrophilic montmorillonite in its raw form. Consequently, incorporating Nano-montmorillonite (MMT) into asphalt mixtures to improve performance under dynamic loads has gained significant attention. This can help reduce rutting damage and ensure the safety and durability of road surfaces. This study examines the impact of incorporating MMT into hot mix asp

Industrial wastewater is discharged in large quantities into water bodies, and different treatment processes are employed to reduce pollutant levels. This study quantifies copper, iron, cadmium, cobalt, lead, and nickel levels in industrial wastewater samples at Al-Dora refinery. Results showed variations before and after treatment, with physical and chemical tests conducted in summer and winter. The measured values ​​were (pH, T, Turbidity, EC, TSS, TDS ), respectively (8.23, 34.8 °C, 60.88 NTU, 2883 ms/cm, 575 mg/L, 1441 mg/L) in summer, while in the winter it was (7.516, 28.6 °C, 100.6 NTU, 1147 ms/cm, 780 mg/L, 569.8 mg/L), respectively. Heavy metals were measured and showed a slight decrease during the treatme