Al-Saidiya PN pumping station raw sewage discharges forms the major pollution source to Tigris river between Al-Jadirriya and Al-Dora bridges, its main importance comes from its location upstream to Al-Dora water treatment plant. In an attempt to evaluate the environmental effects on water quality within the river reach under study, special emphasis was put on evaluating the environmental impact of Al-Saidiya (PN) pumping station wastewater discharges on downstream intakes of water supply, using parameters Oil & Grease, DO, BOD and Coliform & Feacal coliform, in addition to SO4, Cl & EC distributions
in three dimensions. It was found that most pollutants concentrations at Al-Dora WTP range within the
permissible level f

Distilled water flow through a virgin hollow fibre membrane, HFM is considered as steady
nonuniform since the fibre’s wall hydraulic conductivity coefficient is kept constant along the fibre
and unchanged during the operation. Under these conditions, two well known laws were used to
mathematically simulate the hydraulic flow through the HFM. These two laws are: the Darcy’s
Law, to simulate the flow thought the fibre wall, and the Hagen-Poiseuille’s Law, to simulate the
laminar flow through the fibre channel. Laboratory measurements were carried out to provide necessary data for the calibration and verification of the mathematical model that was developed based on the Darcy’s and Poiseuille’s laws.

Wireless digital communication is rapidly expanding resulting in a demand for systems that
are reliable and have a high spectral efficiency. To fulfill these demands OFDM technology has drawn a lot of attention. In this paper a new technique is proposed to improve the performance of OFDM. The new technique is use the slantlet transform (SLT) instead Fast Fourier transform (FFT) in order to reduce the level of interference. This also will remove the need for Guard interval (GI) in the case of the FFT-OFDM and therefore improve the bandwidth efficiency of the OFDM. The SLT-OFDM is also better than wavelet packet (WP)-OFDM in the selective channel because the slantlet filter bank is less frequency selective than the traditional DWT fi

This paper presents the results of experimental investigation carried out on concrete model
piles to study the behaviour of defective piles. This was achieved by employing non-destructive tests using ultrasonic waves. It was found that the reduction in pile stiffness factor is found to be about (26%) when the defect ratio increased from (5%) to (15%). The modulus of elasticity reduction factor as well as the dynamic modulus of elasticity reduction factor increase with the defect ratio. 

The expansion in water projects implementations in Turkey and Syria becomes of great concern to the workers in the field of water resources management in Iraq. Such expansion with the absence of bi-lateral agreement between the three riparian countries of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Turkey, Syria and Iraq, is expected to lead to a substantially reduction of water inflow to the territories of Iraq. Accordingly, this study consists of two parts: first part is aiming to study the changes of the water inflow to the territory of Iraq, at Turkey and Syria borders, from 1953 to 2009; the results indicated that the annual mean inflow in Tigris River was decreased from 677 m³/sec to 526 m³/sec, after operating Turkey reserv

The manifestations of climate change are increasing with the days: sudden rains and floods, lakes that evaporate, rivers that experience unprecedentedly low water levels, and successive droughts such as the Tigris, Euphrates, Rhine, and Lape rivers. At the same time, energy consumption is increasing, and there is no way to stop the warming of the Earth's atmosphere despite the many conferences and growing interest in environmental problems. An aspect that has not received sufficient attention is the tremendous heat produced by human activities. This work links four elements in the built environment that are known for their high energy consumption (houses, supermarkets, greenhouses, and asphalt roads) according t

Anaerobic digestion is a technology widely used for treatment of organic waste for biogas production as a source for clean energy. In this study, poultry house wastes (PHW) material was examined as a source for biogas production. The effects of inoculum addition, pretreatment of the substrate, and temperature on the biogas production were taken into full consideration. Results revealed that the effect of inoculum addition was more significant than the alkaline pretreatment of raw waste materials. The biogas recovery from inoculated waste materials exceeds its production from wastes without inoculation by approximately 70% at mesophilic conditions. Whereby, the increase of biogas recovery from pretreated wastes was by 20% higher than its

تقدم هذه الورقة تقييماً تقنياً واقتصادياً لنظام الطاقة المتجددة الهجين (HRES) في كلية الهندسة بجامعة بغداد. وتشمل الأهداف تحسين الموثوقية وتخفيف الطلب على الشبكة. تصميم نظام HRES مخصص ومتصل بالشبكة للجامعة، يتضمن الطاقة الشمسية الكهروضوئية ومولد الديزل. يتم تحديد التكوين الهجين الأمثل من خلال تقييم كامل للعوامل الاقتصادية والتقنية والبيئية باستخدام برنامج Homer-Pro. إلى جانب أنه يعالج التحديات الحاسمة في توفير ر

Marine ship hulls' corrosion resistance behavior under static and flowing conditions was investigated. The metal of the hull panels of marine ships was chemically and mechanically examined and analyzed, revealing that carbon steel type DIN 1.0501 C35 is employed in constructing the hull of ships in the port of Basrah in Iraq. A corrosion resistance test for this metal was carried out in laboratory-prepared seawater under static and flowing conditions at a flow rate of 1500 liter/hour and various immersion times (12, 24, 48, 120, 168, 336) hours. The temperature was kept constant at 30°C, and a fixed salt concentration of (3.5% sodium chloride). The corrosion rate of C35 carbon steel was calculated using the weight loss

In the current study, the impacts of various curing states on some properties of reactive powder concrete (compressive strength, flexural strength, and dry bulk density) are being experimentally studied. The curing conditions include four different methods: immersion in normal water temperature (considered the reference curing state), immersion in warm water at 35ºC, immersion in boiling water, and curing with steam. For every combination, the water/binder ratio stayed unchanged at 0.2. Each reactive concrete mix was cast into three different configurations: 50mm only for cubes and 50×50×250 mm for prisms. Based on the improvement of RPC mechanical characteristics, the optimum curing method, as determined by the resul

Human activities such as mining, industrial operations and waste management can lead to soil pollution by heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. These contaminants cause harm both to humans and the ecosystems where they are found. Of all the previously used techniques, phytoremediation is the most promising one for cleaning up heavy metal-contaminated soils. Phytoremediation refers to a technique where plants use roots for absorbing, storing and immobilizing soil contaminants while also removing them. Bioleaching is a method which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals that have been shown to facilitate phytoextraction in increasing the availability of metals. It is anticipated that researc

The variation in the seepage under hydraulic structures significantly impacts their stability and effective water management, especially considering recent water scarcity challenges. This paper aims to calculate seepage and investigate the hydraulic performance of the Al-Hilla canal regulator's foundation. The methodology involves constructing a model (SEEP/W) and comparing its results with one-site piezometer readings. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates software modelling and statistical analysis techniques. This study integrates software modelling and statistical analysis techniques. The Geo-studio program facilities modelling of seepage flow, while JASP software is used for statistical analysis and

Enhancing the properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) by developing the internal structure or making replacements or additions to the aggregates is becoming a prevalent method to obtain RPC with desired properties, which it can be used in numerous applications in the construction industry. Pozzolanic active constituents are used in large quantities to reach the desired properties, but on the other hand, these methods are still not sustainable and could be expensive. This study explores methods of curing RPC that affect compressive strength and other mechanical properties. This study briefly describes how RPC's internal structure and mechanical properties are enhanced. The core objective of this study is to review th

إن انبعاثات الكاربون المصاحبة للبناء والكلفة الباهظة لمواد البناء الخام إضافة الى مخاطر ندرتها في المستقبل جميعها تهدد الاستدامة وتلحق الضرر بالبيئة. عليه، تسعى العديد من الدول برسم استراتيجيات حديثة للبيئة الخضراء من خلال اعتماد مواد معاد تدويرها وصديقة للبيئة في البناء بما في ذلك مخلفات الخشب أو نشارة الخشب. يقدم البحث الحالي مراجعة لأهم الدراسات المتميزة والطرق الواعدة المتعلقة بتوظيف نشارة الخشب في

تظهر التربة القابلة للانهيار بالإضافة إلى الانواع الأساسية الأخرى التي تسبب مشاكل مثل التربة الانتفاخية والتربة العضوية، والمعروفة باسم التربة ذات المشاكل، قوة كبيرة عندما تجف ولكنها تتعرض لفقدان كبير في القوة عندما تكون مشبعة، مما يؤدي إلى هطول مفرط. إن توقع استجابة التربة للفيضانات والانهيارات الأرضية أو المستوطنات الكبيرة يمثل تحديًا هندسيا في هذه الأنواع من التربة. حيث يحدث الانخفاض الدائم في حجم ال

As stuck pipe holds on to be a prime contributor to non-productive time (NPT) in drilling industry operations, efforts to restrict its incidence cannot be over-emphasized. Historically, stuck-pipe events have been shown to cost the industry several hundred million dollars annually and over 25% of non-productive time. British Petroleum Company's stuck pipe costs exceed $30 million annually. Industry-stuck pipe costs are estimated to be above $250 million annually. Major causes of this issue involve wellbore instability, differential sticking forces, improper hole cleaning, and the forming of drill-cutting beds, especially in high-angle wells. One strategy for avoiding stuck pipe issues is to predict by using the availa

The use of information transfer is a major reason for the spread of information piracy, especially digital information that includes audio or other information, to preserve data. Encrypting voice messages is considered one of the most secure ways to protect information due to the difficulty of disclosing it. Our algorithm is robust, effective, efficient, and has security capabilities due to the different key lengths and block sizes (128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits). The Rijndael algorithm is an effective tool for encoding audio files and has won many awards. The Rijndael algorithm is compatible with many different audio formats. We will use it to encrypt WAVE files. The first step is to generate keys using the proposed m

This study investigated the potential of calcined clays from Nigerian deposits in the production of ternary blends of cement. Clay samples were obtained from three different locations namely: Ikpeshi, Okpilla and Uzebba. The raw clay samples were then calcined at 700°C and 800°C. Chemical and mineralogical compositions were determined for the raw and calcined clay samples using XRF and XRD respectively. The chemical composition confirmed these clays as potential pozzolans with SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ collectively exceeding 70%. XRD analysis identified kaolinite and quartz as major mineral phases in the raw clays, which transformed into metakaolin upon calcination.

A new model for the non-linear propeller-pendulum system is derived in this study. The model takes into consideration the effects of external disturbances and the properties of the pendulum elements. Two systems with PID controllers are simulated. In the first system, Simulink is used to implement the system and tune the PID parameters. In the second system, a MATLAB script is used to simulate the system and tune the PID parameters. The scrip uses the Runge-Kutta method for solving the system’s equation and uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to tune the parameters. Further, both systems were investigated under two disturbance conditions. The performance of these systems is evaluated based on comparing the settling

تستكشف هذه الدراسة تطور البُنى التحتية للشوارع في بغداد، بدءا من التكوينات العضوية القديمة وصولاً إلى التوسع العاصمي (المتروبولي) الحديث، وتتناول فجوة مهمة في الدراسات الحضرية التي تختص بتحليل المورفولوجيا الخاصة بأنماط الشوارع في مدينة شرق أوسطية انموذجية. يستخدم هذا البحث منهجية عملية تشمل عدة مراحل متضمنة: جمع البيانات، والرقمنة، وعمليات التعريف وذلك لإستكشاف وفك ترميز البُنى التحتية المورفولوجية لش

Using asphalt mixtures with added materials became a significant field for enhancing asphalt properties. Crumb rubber or recycled tire rubber is one of these materials that gained great attention because it provides asphalt mixtures with enhanced properties and with the privilege of being economically and environmentally efficient where it reduces the waste tires from being disposed to nature. This study explores the latest articles in this field with a focus on different methods used to incorporate crumb rubber (CR) into the asphalt matrix. It has been noticed that most articles focus on the wet process for incorporating CR into asphalt. This method is known for its efficiency, but it consumes less CR as compared to the

The performance grading system (superpave) has provided means to incorporate binder characteristics with
pavement failure types. It’s a comprehensive system that relates climate, traffic conditions and aging with
critical pavement distress. The objective of this paper is to develop an improved asphalt binder grading
system for Iraq based on the principal of superpave. The country was divided into different zones according
to the highest and lowest temperature ranges and traffic loading. The Performance graded binder proposed
for each zone was compared with some States of USA that have same hot weather of Iraq by using Long
Term Pavement Performance (LTPP v3.1) software. Iraqi asphalt samples were tested using the Supe

This study aimed to investigate the effect of total suspended solids (TSS) on the performance of a continuously operated dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) proceeded by primary clarifier to treat actual potato chips processing wastewater. The system was also tested in the absence of the primary clarifier and the results demonstrated a significant effect of TSS on the polarization curve of the MFC which was obtained by operating the graphite anodic electrode against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The maximum observed power and current densities were decreased form 102.42 mW/m² and 447.26 mA/m² to 80.16 mW/m² and 299.10 mA/m², respectively due to the adverse effect of TSS. Also

This paper include study of CO and NOx emissions exhausted from single cylinder, 4-stroke S.I. engine, Ricardo E6, with variable compression ratio, spark timing and equivalence ratio, worked by supplementary hydrogen to gasoline.
The speed of 25 rps and higher useful compression ratio (HUCR) were chosen in studying the effect of wide range of equivalence ratios and spark timing on CO and NOx emissions submitted from engine.
The study showed that exhaust gas emissions depend mainly on equivalence ratio.
The higher value of NOx concentrations was in lean side near the stoichiometric equivalence ratio, and reduced when getting far from this ratio.
CO concentrations were too small in the lean side, and the effect of equivalence r

The objective of this study was to develop a complete package for prediction of volumetric and thermodynamic properties of pure hydrocarbons fluids and their mixtures in one and two phase regions. Two cubic equations of state that are Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong were used with volatile and black oils respectively to calculate the desired properties in addition to bubble point and dew point pressures and temperatures. Different values of binary interaction parameter were used for each equation and effects of this parameter values on the prediction are examined. Also values of this parameter between the plus-fraction and other component have been evaluated for first time. In calculation of heat capacity, four different mixing rul

The research aims to use the computer and it's potential to identify and choose the best offers submitted by companies contracting with the third-expected increases in the wages of labor and prices of building materials and the large variability in the impact of the inability of many of the construction to complete the implementation of the specific time or the estimated cost and thus create a lot of problems executive, which affected the speed and quality of works. A good management and good planning through implementation to reflect the realities and possibilities of each of the contracting companies to tender for any contract so a knowledge of possibilities of each company and compare it with the other , according to the mechanism in

Aluminum-Silicon alloys, with soft lubricant metal, are considered to be one of the important tribological alloys which resist seizure. The effect of different lead percentages (1-20%Pb) that added to the modified eutectic Al-12%Si alloy on the wear rate and resistance was studied by sliding these alloys under dry sliding conditions on a carbon steel disc at different sliding distances (2.24-40.37 km). The results showed that the wear rate was decreased and wear resistance increased with increasing lead percentage of Al-12%Si alloy. Furthermore, wear rate was increased linearly with increasing sliding distance.

The Diyala river is a major tributary of the Tigris river that runs through Iran and Iraq which drains an area of 32600 km2. The catchment area consist of four parts which are the area of the basin above Derbendi-Khan, Upper Diyala, Middle Diyala and lower Diyala. Through the last two decade the water coming to the upstream Derbendi-Khan reduced and this reduction reach to about 35%. This research focusing on the water dependable discharges reached to upper and middle Diyala river basin as compared with Russian study(water balance). The water balance mention that the discharge can be supplied the above basins with probability of 95%for the year (1947-1948). In this research consider the mean discharge down stream Derbendi-Khan dam for th

The basic idea of the Main Outfall Drain, MOD, was to construct a main channel to collect saline drained water of the irrigation projects within central and southern parts of Iraq and discharge it down to the Arabian Gulf. The MOD has a navigation lock structures near Addalmage Lake at station 299.4km. This structure is designed to ensure navigation within the MOD. The water level difference upstream the cross regulator and the downstream conjugation structure is about 9m. This head difference can be used to generate electrical power by constricting a low head power plant. This study aimed to utilize the head difference in navigation lock structures for power generation. Different operation condition an

Numerical simulations have been carried out on the solar chimney power plant systems. This paper gives the flow field analysis for a solar chimney power generation project located in Baghdad. The continuity, Naver-stockes, energy and radiation transfer equations have been solved and carried out by Fluent software. The governing equations are solved for incompressible, 3-D, steady state, turbulent is approximated by a standard k -  model with Boussiuesq approximation to study and evaluate the performance of solar chimney power plant in Baghdad city of Iraq. The different geometric parameters of project are assumed such as collector diameter and chimney height at different working conditions of solar radiation intensity (300,450,600,750