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Heavy meals are widely known as environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, heat stability, long staying in the atmosphere, and their capability to accumulate in the body. The current experiment investigates the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are considered heavy metals in the liver and meat of fresh and imported frozen chicken, by studying the effect of cooking process using the boiling method. A total of 80 samples were randomly collected and examined: 40 frozen (10 from each of the liver and meat) before and after cooking) and 40 fresh (10 from each the liver and meat) before and after cooking) from different regions in AL-Karkh Province, Baghdad. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry device |
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Conventional ocular drug delivery forms (eye drops, eye ointments, and eye gels) possess poor bioavailability, less retention, and rapid precorneal discharge. In veterinary medicine, treating eye infections in animals like rabbits, dogs, and cats poses similar challenges. An in-situ gel drug delivery system (ISG-DDS) provides sustained action with a low formulation cost, which can be advantageous for veterinary applications. This study developed and characterised a pH-responsive ophthalmic ISG of levofloxacin and tinidazole with the potential to be used in both human and veterinary medicine. Carboxypol 980 (CBL-980) was used to make the ISG gel, and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) changed the viscosity. Nine formu |
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Our objective in this work was to estimate normal values of biochemical parameters in laboratory animals in Iraq. Values were pooled from studies conducted in Iraqi universities using a meta-analysis approach. Pertinent peer-reviewed published studies were retrieved from the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ) database. Random-effects inverse-variance model was used to obtain pooled means of the parameters from the set of studies qualified for the analysis. Among a total of 460 records identified from IASJ, 264 records were eligible for the statistical analysis, which reported 102 values for different biochemical parameters. The mean of the sample size for normal animals that was used in the studies includ |
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Domestic cats (Felis catus) pose a significant challenge for pet owners during the mating season, necessitating effective contraceptive strategies to manage feline populations. This study investigated the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), precisely the human formulation Depo-Provera®, as a potential solution for feline contraception. Ten adult female cats were included in a randomized controlled trial, with the treatment group receiving a single intramuscular injection of 25 mg/cat MPA. Clinical observations, vaginal cytology, and hormonal analysis were conducted to assess treatment efficacy. Results demonstrated that MPA treatment effectively suppresses estrus behaviours, prolongs interestru |
This study aimed to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infections in fertile eggs using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Real-Time PCR. A total of 62 yolk samples were collected from August 2022 to April 2023. Of these, 31 samples (50%) were tested positive for antibodies via ELISA, while 13 samples (21%) were positive using Real-Time PCR. Specifically, 10 samples (16.12%) were positive for MG, and 3 samples (4.83%) were positive for MS, indicating a higher incidence of MG than MS in the hatcheries examined. The results suggest that maternal antibodies detected by ELISA may confer protection to chicks against MG and MS. This study confirms the vertical transm
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Streptococcus pneumoniae are common bacterial pathogens that can cause a range of diseases in humans and animals. This study attempts to clarify the course and consequences of pneumonia caused by this bacterial infection. A total of 6 male un-weaned lambs aged between 1 to 2 months and weighing 5 to 7 kg were subjected to S. pneumoniae strain ATCC 6303 serotype 3 at 2×106 CFU/mL by inhalation to induce pneumonia. Pneumonic clinical signs were monitored daily throughout the study period. The blood samples were collected from all animal groups at day zero before pneumoniae induction and 3, 6, and 14 days post infection for total and differential white blood cell count (W |
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This study evaluated the efficacy of β-glucan, extracted from Candida albicans isolated from mastitic goat milk using an alkaline-acidic method, in treating C. albicans-induced mastitis. Twenty lactating goats (2–4 years old, 25–30 kg) were randomly divided into five groups (Group I–Group V), with each group consisting of four goats. Sixteen goats were intramammarily inoculated with 1.2 × 10⁷ yeast/2 mL of virulent C. albicans. The groups were as follows: Group I (negative control, uninfected), Group II (positive control, infected but untreated), Group III (treated with Nystatin, 200,000 units/half udder/day intramammary for 7 days), Group IV (treated with β-glucan, 5 mg/mL/half udde |
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The lack of effective treatment for oral mucosal ulcers has motivated clinicians to search for other therapeutic techniques to improve oral ulcer healing. Applying fenugreek to an ulcer triggers the release of its anti-inflammatory components, that might reduce any superfluous inflammatory processes and accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fenugreek leaf oil on the ulcer associated with the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A total of 24 adult male rats weighing between 350 and 450 grams and 4-6 months of age were used in this study. The experimental design included: the normal group (no ulcer), the control group (12 ulcers left without treatment t |
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in dogs is a complex, multifactorial disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Current therapeutic options are often limited by side effects and variable efficacy, highlighting the need for more effective and safer treatments. This study assessed the therapeutic potential of ginger ethanolic extract (GEE), GEE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GEE-CNPs), and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) against T2DM in dogs. Twenty adult local breed mongrel dogs of both sexes, aged 7 to 13 months, with an average body weight of 10.4±0.76 kg, were included. The dogs were allocated into five groups (n=4 each): a non-diabetic, untreated Nega |
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Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are frequently occurring types of tumor in female dogs. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) plays a role in dismantling the extracellular matrix during normal bodily functions and diseases, including cancer. The goal of this research was to evaluate the serum levels of MMP-9 as a potential diagnostic indicator for CMTs using the ELISA method. We collected tissue samples from mammary glands and blood specimens from 50 dogs suspected of having CMTs and 30 healthy control dogs. Histological examination was used to diagnose the mammary tumors, with findings indicating that 88% of the cases were malignant CMT and 12% were benign. According to ELISA results, there was a statistically conside |
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Growth plate injury is one of the most significant sequelae that affect the animal and man life in adulthood. This condition considered as one of the real problem encountered by many orthopedics which can result in the formation of a bony bridge leading ultimately to limb length discrepancy and angular deformity of the long bones in kid animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the deformities of the tibial length and angle radiographically after experimentally inducing growth plate injury. Five local breed kit rabbits included in this study, had body weight and age ranges of 500 to 1100 g and 6 to12 weeks, respectively. The animals were exposed to approximately 5×5×1 mm injury in the proximal tib |
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of ionizing radiation in decontaminating the
total microbial burden of Capsicum peppers (Capsium annuum), Caraway (Carum carvi), and Clove
(Dianthus caryphyllus). The spices were irradiated in polyethylene bags with 5KGy and 10KGy of
gamma radiation from Co-60 irradiator. Total number of bacteria and molds survived per gram of
spices after irradiation were calculated. Results showed that 5KGy gamma radiation reduced the total
number of bacteria by 95-98% and the number of molds and yeast by 62.8-98.2%, while 10KGy
reduced the total number of bacteria by 95.5-99.9% and the number of the molds and yeast by 67-
99.7%. These percentages are accepted within the maximum
This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds to reduce the
effect of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography in rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided into
three equal groups (6\group) and were treated for six weeks as follows: first group (control), which were given
ordinary tap water, second treated group (T1), animals in this group given 0.5%H2O2 in drinking water and
third treated group (T2) was handled as in T1 plus oral intubation of flavonoinds (27.5mg\Kg B.W).
Electrocardiography was recordings from rabbits after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. The results conducted that
H2O2 treated group (T1) showed significant increased in P-R interval, R-voltage and sig
Experiment study was done on the pathogenicity of Salmonella give infections in dogs . The
experiment was carried out on 8 puppies ranging in age from 8-9 weeks. The puppies were divided randomly
into two equal groups. Group I inoculated orally with 4.8x109 Salmonella give and group II saved as control.
The disease was characterized by acute gastroenteric and septicemic forms with variable severity. The most
consistent clinical signs were anorexia, fever, diarrhea, vomiting repression and recumbancy. Salmonella was
consistently isolated from blood as well as from feces. Gross pathological changes and histological
examination were characterized by sever congestion and inflammatory cells in the most of GIT
(1)
The aim of this study was the assessment of pentoxifylline (PTX) effects on female reproductive
hormones as well the body and reproductive organs. Sixty white mice with approximately same ages
(eight) weeks and body weights were randomly divided into (six.) equal groups 10 mice for each group.
Group 1: Received tap water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group. Animals
of group 2,3,4,5 and 6 were treated with 16 mg (PTX) / Kg B.W. daily for 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks
respectively. Before and after treatment all animals were weighed, and blood samples were taken for
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) and Estradiol (E2) hormones analysis.
After post – Mortem examination rep
Hematological changes in experimentally infected dogs with Salmonella give were studied in 8
puppies aged 8-9 weeks. They were separated equally into two groups. The first group has been infected with 4.8x
CFU with Salmonella give , while the second group was used as control. Hematological changes were 9 10
characterized by an increase in P.C.V. , Hb , 'RBC count ,TPP and fibrinogen , while there was no significant
changes in MCV ,MCH , MCHC . The total leukocytic count was increased during the two days and then gradually
decreased at the end of the experiment
We noticed that the histological changes in the crop wall was in the lining epithelia only , also we
found that the pigeon milk production in the 12 day of broodness is enough to feed the young , in which
the thickness of stratified squamous epithelium was 432 micrometer . There was an important statical
different in the weight of crop epithelium thickness in the 12-16 day of incubation in compare with 1 – 6)
day of incubation . There were no histological changes in the structure of crop glands.
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fenugreek and Ginger Powder. The additives
were added to diets of broiler chicken for 6 weeks (along the period of experiments). The Production
performance, the Physiology and the Microbial balance in the intestine were studied.
150 day-old Hubbard Chicks were divided randomly into 5 groups were as follow:
1- Group one: Basal diet (control group).
2- Group Two: Basal diet to 0.5 % Fenugreek.
3- Group Three: Basal diet to 1 % Fenugreek.
4- Group Four: Basal diet to 0.5 % Ginger.
5- Group Five: Basal diet to 1 % Ginger.
The results showed:
1- The groups which treated by Fenugreek seeds powder (0.5 %) and by Ginger (0.5 %)
and (1%) showed insignificant inc
(1)
The susceptibility of all Salmonella typhimurium isolates to the first line antimicrobial agents were
studied and the results obtained showed a variable sensitivity and resistivity since it shows e.g
resistivity for human isolated were Ampicillin 100% ,Chloramphenicol 96% , Co-Trimoxazol 85%,
Tetracycline 85%, Nalidixic acid 77% and Cefotaxime 33%, While in animal isolates they were
ampicillin 57%, Co-Trimoxazol 14%, Chloramphenicol 26%, Tetracycline 42%, Nalidixic acid 85%
and there was no resistant isolate to cefotaxime (0)%.
Results obtained after the extration of the DNA plasmids revealed that acommon genetical bands
has been seen in addition to smaller ones that may differs in their appearance from astrain to an
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Hymenolepis nana infection in some blood
parameters of some final host ( rats & mice ) by experimental infection of 15 rats and 48 mice . The
results showed that the prepatant period between 12-14 days and the shape of eggs spherical & slightly
ellipsoid in mean 40.92 X 35.96 microne & the numbers of eggs in feaces increased with the severity
of the infection .
The infection which effected on the blood parameters by decreasing the means of packed cell volume ,
total white blood count , lymphocytes , while increased the means of neutrophils , monocytes ,
eosinophils & basohpils in infected group
This study included evaluation of inhibition activity of watery and oily extracts of Rosmerinus
officinalis plant on some pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella typhi، Escheichia coli ، Staphylococcus
aureus ، Klebsiella pneumoniae، Aeromonas hydrophila ، Candida albicans. The results of oily extract showed
more activity at concentration (40mg/ml) of microorganisms growth inhibition (26, 24,22,18,18)mm
respectively, compared with aqueous extract which recorded (12,12,10,9,8)mm respectively at concentration
(200mg/ml). And procedure the qualitative chemical test of some active ingredients in Rosmerinus officinalis
plant. The results showed that the plant contan glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoides , phenols, tannin
(1)
This study was conducted to compare pseudomonas aeruginosa strains which obtained from the soil of
AL-Qadisiya governorate with the strains of cows infected by metritis in the vet hospital AL-Qadisiya
for (9) antibiotics ; Ciprofloxacin Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Tetracyclin,
Chloramphenical , Rifampicin, Nalidixic acid, Lincomycin, and ability of these strains to produce
siderphores compounds. The results of the strains which loslated from pathological cases showed high
ratio of resistanace to most of antibiotics which used in the study except ciprofloxacin .where the
strains which loslated from the soil was resistance to tetracyclin and Lincomycin and showed
differential degrees of sensitivity to other
Three handed stool samples of an a apparently normal adults individuals
comprising hospital personnel , buffalo owners and employers processing chicken were
collected and examined during period from January 2008 to January 2009 to
investigate the presences of Salmonella in Babylon province. Out of the total 300
samples examined by stool cultures on different media confirmed by biochemical tests
and the isolated was serotypes on central lab. Result showed that 17 samples gave
positive results for salmonella which comprise 5.66% of total percentage and Buffalo
owners revealed the highest carrier rate 8 %
(1)
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Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a traditional plant that is widely used as a spice or folk medicine. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is a synthetic pyrethroid that is widely used to control insecticide. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of ginger ethanolic extract (GEE) on liver toxicity experimentally induced by LCT in albino rats. The experiment involved thirty adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus), randomly allocated to one of three groups (n=10/group: control group, administered distilled water orally for 12 weeks; LCT-treated group, received 5.43 mg/kg BW (1/15 LD50 dose calculated in this study as 81.5 mg/kg BW) orally, for 12 weeks |
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The bacterial etiologies of pneumonia in camels represent a rising health concern, with camels being healthy during antemortem examination despite significant losses in production and mortality attributed to maladies identified only upon postmortem evaluation. A cross-sectional study was undertaken at an abattoir, spanning the period from October 2022 to March 2023, to examine gross pathological disorders and identify bacterial pathogens in the respiratory system (specifically the lungs) of camels (Camelus dromedaries) suspected of having pneumonia. A total of 100 dromedary camels slaughtered in Al-Muthanna abattoir were examined. Postmortem examination was performed to identify any gross changes in cam |
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Early pregnancy detection is an important tool in successful reproductive management in ewes. The objective of this study was to estimate the concentration of serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) during gestation using sheep ELISA kit in order to early distinguish between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes and the possible association with litter size, and fetal gender. Estrus was synchronized and blood samples were collected at day 0 (day of mating), 18, 30, 60, and 120 after mating from 18 Iraqi cross breed synchronized ewes. The result of PAG level (ng/ml) during estrus has shown insignificant difference between G1(CIDR group), G2(vaginal sponge group) and G3 (control group), while at day 18, 30, 60 and |
Little information is available on the pathophysiological changes caused by Fasciola gigantica. The present study aimed at the ellucidation of these changes in Awasi lambs infected with various doses (100, 300 and 600) of metacercariae.
The radio-isotop (Fe5%) was used to reveal the ferrokinetic pathway in the blood stream of sheep as a result of infection.
All lambs exposed to 100 metacercariae showed the chronic phase of the disease. Of the group exposed to 300 metacercariae, two lambs suffered the subacute phase and the remaining three had the chronic phase. Out of the five lambs given 600 metacercariae, four showed acute syndrom, while the fifth showed the subacute phase of the disease.
Blood picture in the ac
... Show MoreOut of 225 specimences taken from nasal, Vaginal, eye swabs, milk synovial fluid and from internal organsof horses. Twelve isolates were recovered as follows 9 isolates from nasal swabs, 3 isolates from vaginal swabs. No mycoplasma isolates were recovered from milk and internal orgxuns. All isolates have been tested for thier reversion to bacterial form. These isolates were purified and biochemical characterized. Six isolates “were fermented glucose, two isolates were diaminted arginine and non of these isolates did reduced tetrazolium. Six of these isolates were resistant to digitonin while the rest were sensitive.
This study was conducted at the turkey farm of the college of Agriculrure? Salahaddin University, by using (7) black and (10) red local turkey toms to study the effect of strain and environmental temperature on semen volume, time needed for semen collection, frequency of massage and percetage of successful trail, and to study the relation beteen pairs of characters under study.
Analysis of variance showed that aenadnie had a significant effect (P<0.05) on both percent of successful trails and the time needed for semen collection, and highly significant (P<0.01) on frequency of massage while it was not significant on the volume of semen.
Effect of environmental temperature showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on t
... Show MoreThis study aims to apply a new procedure in preparation of anthraxin from
cell wall extracts of a virulent Bacillus anthracis strain 34F2 (Sterne)
.Anthraxin was evaluated for potential use as skin testing agent to measure
cell-mediated immunity. Guinea pigs were immunized and boosted
subcutaneously with Sterne live veterinary anthrax vaccine. Two weeks after
the booster dose, animals were skin tested with the antigen which recorded
15.6mm as a mean of erythema and 2.5 mm difference of thickness as
compared to the control. Histological changes corresponded with the delayed
type of hypersensitivity (DTH) in which the changes involved
infiltration of inflammatory cells particularly macrophages, neutrophiles and