This study was undertaken to explore the adding effect of manganese chloride (MnCl2), co-enzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) as well as α-lipoic acid to Tris extender on Freeze ability of Holstein bulls’ semen. This study was carried out at the department of artificial insemination at the Directorate of Animal Resource, Ministry of Agriculture in Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad for the duration from October\ 2013 to Jun\ 2014, including three experiments. Seven Holstein bulls of 3.5-4 years old were used in this study. Semen was collected via artificial vagina by one ejaculate/ bull/ week. The assessments were conducted for fresh semen, which was later pooled, equally divided for various treatments within each experiment, usin
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Iatrogenic aspiration pneumonia (AP), often caused by incorrect drenching and feeding with inappropriate bottles, is a frequent condition that can lead to sudden death depending on the amount of aspirated fluid. The evaluation of clinical scores and blood gas analytes may provide valuable insights into the complications that may arise due to AP in later stages. In this study, the AP Group consisted of 23 Holstein breed calves aged 1-14 days, which developed clinical signs such as cough, nasal and/or ocular discharge, and respiratory distress after forced feeding with inappropriate bottles. The Control Group consisted of 11 healthy calves with similar characteristics. Clinical ex |
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Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important zoonosis diseases distributed worldwide causes severe diarrhea in animals and is lethal in quails. This study detected Cryptosporidium spp. in quails in Baghdad province Iraq by flotation and staining methods and compared these results with PCR results from the previous study. This research was carried out from January 2022 to September 2022. Out of 180 quails (Coturnix coturnix) in total were investigated. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in quails was 23.9% (43/180). Young quail had a greater infection rate of 44.2% (19/43) while adult quails had a lower inf |
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The aim of this study was to perform a comparison between quercetin and deferoxamine (DFO) on the heart, liver, and duodenum in iron overloaded rabbits. Four groups of adult rabbits (each of seven) used in the current study were treated as follows for 28 days: control (C): were injected intraperitoneally (IP) normal saline every 72 hours + normal saline orally daily. T1, T2, and T3 groups were IP injected with iron dextran 100 mg/kg every 72 hours, T1 was left without treatment, group T2 was administrated with quercetin 350 mg/kg orally daily, and group T3 was injected with DFO 125 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM) daily. At the end of experiment, all animals were sacrificed, and tissue specimens w |
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The aim of this study was the discrimination of Salmonella isolated from chicken and their feed and drinking water for the epidemiological control of salmonellosis. Totally, 289 samples, including 217 chicken cloaca swabs, 46 water, and 26 feed samples were collected from five different farms in Karbala governorate, Iraq. Conventional bacteriology tests, API 20E, Vitek 2, and serology were used for bacterial identification. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to analyze the genetic relationships among Salmonella isolates. The isolation rate of Salmonella spp. was 21.1% (61/289). While |
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This work aimed to use conventional PCR to identify Salmonella spp. that were isolated from diarrheal children and healthy and diarrheic dogs based on four virulence genes, hilA, stn, spvR, and marT. Sixteen Salmonella isolates including: 9 isolated from children's diarrhea from three species (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhi) and seven isolated from dogs including (S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Muenchen), were identified primarily by several methods. The PCR products of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced and examined using |
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most commonly encountered mycotoxins, constitute serious human and animal health threats as a result of their toxigenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic influences. The study aimed to investigate the occurrence of these mycotoxins in poultry feeds and determine the percentage of the samples that exceeded the legal limits approved by the European Commission (EC). Sixty poultry feed samples were collected from poultry feed plants and poultry farms in Nineveh Province and analyzed for detection mycotoxins using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results reported co-occurrence of AFB1 and FB |
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Cypermethrin (CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid, is recognized for its insecticidal properties but poses potential risks of hepatotoxicity. In traditional medicine, Ficus (F.) carica (common fig) leaves have historically been used for various therapeutic applications. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of F. carica leaves against CYP-induced liver damage in adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). The animals (n=30), 8-12 weeks old and weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=6) and treated as follows: the negative control group received d |
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The multipotent characteristic of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells makes them available and convenient sources for isolating mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to assess the differentiation in rabbit adipose-derived stem cells pre-committed to produce several mesenchymal lineages in response to inductive extracellular cues to multipotent stromal cells. Three grams of adipose tissue was taken from a subcutaneous region of the nape of the neck and was carefully isolated to obtain mesenchymal stem cells for expanded by fourth passage. In the 4th passage, active growth of mesenchymal stem cells was observed. Furthermore, the research demonstrated the inherent ability of rabbit MS |
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Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) pollution and poisoning has been a worldwide health concern for decades, especially after the industrial revolutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of resveratrol in reversing the deleterious effects of HgCl2 exposure to resume the normal functions of hepatocyte. To achieve the study, mature Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to five groups. Negative control group (C) kept without any treatment; vehicle-treated group (D) received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); resveratrol-treated group (R), received 100 mg/kg of resveratrol; HgCl2-intoxicated group (HD), received i.p. injection of HgCl2 at a dose of 1 mg/ |
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Lymphoma is a cancer arising from B or T lymphocytes that are central immune system components. It is one of the three most common cancers encountered in the canine; lymphoma affects middle-aged to older dogs and usually stems from lymphatic tissues, such as lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue, or spleen. Despite the advance in the management of canine lymphoma, a better understanding of the subtype and tumor aggressiveness is still crucial for improved clinical diagnosis to differentiate malignancy from hyperplastic conditions and to improve decision-making around treating and what treatment type to use. This study aimed to evaluate a potential novel biomarker related to iron metabolism, em |
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The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize a small intestine submucosa (SIS) hydrogel as a bio-scaffold. In this study, SIS from five calves, aged 8-12 months and weighing 250-300 kg, was obtained from a slaughterhouse immediately after slaughtering. The SIS was then decellularized, powdered, and subsequently transformed into a hydrogel. This transformation was achieved by dissolving the decellularized SIS powder in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of 50% w/v, and allowing it to form a hydrogel over a 12-hour period at 37 °C. Characterization of the SIS hydrogel was conducted using various techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (F |
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Coxofemoral luxation is a common orthopedic lesion in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a modified toggle splint with nylon suture as a prosthetic teres ligament for reducing and fixing coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Five adult mongrel dogs weighing 15±2 kg were used in this experimental study. The toggle splint was fabricated from a Steinmann pin (1cm length, 2mm diameter) by drilling 0.5 mm hole in the center. Stabilization of coxofemoral joint was performed by a modified Toggle splint technique. A tunnel, from the major trochanter through the fovea capitis to the acetabulum, was performed in which the toggle splint was passed through, and nylon suture was used for |
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This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antidiarrheal efficacy of methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea against diarrhea induced by Escherichia coli in male rats. The initial phase involved the extraction of P. oleracea using 99.8% absolute methanol through a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Phytochemical analyses of the extract unveiled the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, tannins, and proteins. In the experimental phase, 20 Wistar albino male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into four groups: the Negative Control (uninfected and untreated); the Positive |
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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic fluor-surfactant chemical used widely in products that resist oil, heat, grease, stains, and water. It is also used in producing other fluoropolymers. The main sources of exposure to PFOA are water, soil, and animal-origin food (meat, fish, and dairy products). The aim of this study to evaluate the renal function following oral gavage of sub-lethal dose of PFOA in diabetic and non-diabetic guinea pigs. The experiment run for 4 weeks, total of 40 male guinea pigs, (Cavia porcellus), were randomly selected and grouped into four equal groups. The first group (G1) served as the negative control; 2nd group (G2) alloxan induced diabetic, 3rd |
The aim of the study is to evaluate the phytochemical and morphological characterization between Iraqi and America Lanata camara extracts and to evaluate their inhibition effect on the egg albumin-induced paw inflammation. Successive maceration was used to eliminate the leaves of L. camara. The bioactive substance components present in the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In addition, HPLC analysis was performed for the detection of active compounds. The paw edema induced by injecting egg albumin (0.1ml) in both right and left hind-paw and the percentage inhibition as well as cell count, and skin thickness was measured. The initial phytochemical screening yielded positive test
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This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin, obtained from Portulaca oleracea L., using a male mouse model. A total of 56 healthy BLAB/c albino male mice (Mus musculus) were used in two experiments. In the first experiment, the xylene-induced ear edema, 28 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=7). The negative control group received distilled water, while the positive control, apigenin-treated, and indomethacin-treated groups were exposed to xylene (0.03 mL applied to the anterior and posterior surface of the right ear lobe) to induce inflammation. Subsequently, the apigenin-treated group received orally 50 mg/kg B |
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Quorum sensing is a well-known mechanism used by many bacteria to control important virulence factors through the production and subsequent response to N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Quorum sensing inhibition (QSI), targeting AHL-dependent signalling, has been reported as a strategy for the control of bacterial pathogenicity. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the capability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an indicator to rapidly screen for potential QSI caused by plant extracts based on pigment inhibition. Four ethanolic plant extracts including: dried flower buds of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L), bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia L), leaves of moringa (Mo |
Male reproductive health is intricately regulated by molecular and physiological processes, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) playing a crucial role. AhR is activated by various ligands and influences the onset and progression of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AhR on spermatogenesis in adult male rats were affected by resveratrol (RES) and CH223191, an AhR antagonist. The study include forty rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Control group, DMSO group, RES group and AhR‾ group, the rats received respective treatments intraperitoneally twice weekly for 60 days, and various parameters related to male reproductive health were evaluated. The AhR that activation by the RES treatment were e
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Cutaneous melanoma accounts for a yearly mortality rate of 55,500 persons. The use of oral small-molecule kinase inhibitors, specifically targeting BRAFv600, has been licensed as the principal treatment strategy for managing both locally progressed and metastatic presentations of the condition. Approximately 30% of people on vemurafenib, a BRAFv600 inhibitor, have side effects when are taken orally. Objective: This research was attempted to develop a vemurafenib microemulsion by substituting conventional oil phases with ionic liquids (ILs). The microemulsions were created by dissolving vemurafenib in a combination of ionic liquid (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium he |
The study aimed to assess the effects of different concentrations of Ziziphus spina-Christi (ZSC) leaves on the fertility of buck goats. Twelve buck goats aged 12–15 months with an average body weight of 22±2 kg were divided randomly into three dietary treatments: T1, T2, and T3, each given a basal diet daily plus feeds of 20 g/kg (2%) of ZSC for T1 and 40 g/kg (4%) of ZSC for T2; and T3 was used as the control that consumed a basal diet only. The experiment lasted for 3 months. On days 45 and 90, blood samples were collected for plasma testosterone measurement using an immunochromatographic assay. Additionally, semen samples were collected at the same time points for physical (volume, color, and pH) and microscopic (semen concentr
... Show MoreThe effeciancy of some anticoccidial drugs were tested for the treatment fo E. tenella infection in chickens. Four drugs were used. The first was
... Show MoreThere were no available sufficient stuties on brucellosis among camels in our counrty. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in camels slaughtered for meat purposes in Najaf abattoire. Data for camels in this study was obtained from 515 blood samples collected from both sexes. The serum samples were tested by Rose Benge! Plate test (REPT), serum (tube) agglutination test (TAT) and the slide agglutination test (SAT) using Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antigens. The overall results of RBPT, TAT and SAT were 6.6%, 1.74% and 3.1%, 2.3% respectively. The percentage of the females positive reactors was 4.85% to RBPT, 1.35 to the TAT and 2.33, 1.94 to SAT (by Br. abortus antigen and Br. Melitensi
... Show MoreSilver carbene complexes (SCCs), a group of novel silver-based compounds capable of gradually releasing silver ions, have shown significant antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial pathogens mainly isolated from human cases. The antimicrobial activity against animal isolated pathogens has yet been done. The in vitro efficacy of two SCCs with different carrier molecules (SCC1 with a methylated caffeine backbone and SCC22 with a dichloroimidazolium backbone) was investigated against three important animal and human pathogen species. SCC1 and SCC22 exhibited bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (poultry isolate), E. coli 843 and E. coli 1568 (swine isolates), and the poul
... Show MoreFoot and mouth disease (FMD) virus type 0 was isolated from blood of two dead
... Show MoreThe incidence of ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP), and its relation to Pasteurella haemolytica
... Show MoreThis study was designed to determine for the first time in Iraq the clinical and biochemical
... Show MoreThe thyroid gland of Camelus dromedrius is located directly behind the larynx. It consists of two lateral lobes at the sides of trachea. The lobes are connected to each other by a caudal isthmus from the ventral surface. The lobes extend to the seventh tracheal ring and even to the eighth or ninth ring. The medial surface of the lobes is adhered to trachea. The lateral surfaces are convex. Also, the dorsal and ventral edges of the lobes are convex.
The thyroid gland receives blood via caudal thyroid artery and cranial thyroid artery. A third artery which is initiated from the common carotid artery serves as a medial thyroid artery.
Histological observation showed that the lobes and isthmus are surrounded by an external ca
... Show MoreThis study was done to evaluste the possible effect of mixing coligen vaccine prepared from E£. coli with hemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine prepared from P. multocida on the development of immmity. Awwasi sheep were used as experimental animals. A slight increase in the mean antibody titers in the animal group vaccinated with the mixed vaccine compared to the groups received each vaccine separately was noticed. Challenge experiment showed that protection against heterologous organiams by using homologous vaccine was low (12.5%) in comparison with the group received homologous vaccine (protection 87.5%). No detectable reaction tms noticed with the antisera and heterologous antigens.