For studying in vivo influence of immune responses on side effects of Mitomycin C (MMC),Sixty-five male-white mice were divided to nine groups ;1st group inoculated MMC,I.P,0.4mg/ml,2 doses weekly/4 weeks;2nd to 7th groups immunized S/C with LM Ags(25mg/ml) protein concentration 0.4 ml, 2doses/2 weeks intervals;2nd and 3rd groups immunized CFLMAgs and CFLMAgs-MMC in 3rd group; also 4th and fifth groups but immunized with WSLMAgs; 6th and 7th groups inoculated with 0.4 ml Attenuated LM (LaLMAgs), 7th group immunized-MMC treated. Post-immunization, 5 animals sacrificed from 1-7groups and negative control to study the cellular and humoral immunity as well as bone marrow taken to cytogenic examination ,other animals from 1-7 groups and 8th g

The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of various doses of Azorubine which is a food additive on the female reproductive organs in Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty four female Sprgue Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Group 1(control group), group, 2, 3 and 4 were received Azorubine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) orally, daily for 30 days respectively. Blood samples were taken for estimation of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets, in addition Luteinizing, follicular stimulation, estrogen and progesterone hormones from the sera. The reproductive hormones levels affected drastically under the effects of different doses of treatment like Luteinizing hormone (0.69±0.25, 0.60±0.75 and 0.55

The present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of both a cellular bovine pericardium and bovine urinary bladder matrix sheets in the reconstruction of large ventro-lateral hernias in Iraqi bucks by using of molecular evaluation depending on real time-polymerase chain reaction technique to investigate the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor  and vascular endothelial growth factor  genes during the healing process and reconstruction of the abdominal defects. Under sedation and local anesthesia, (6cm X 8cm size) of ventro-lateral hernias were induced in 24 of Iraqi bucks. The animals were divided randomly into two main equal groups. In bovine pericardium-treatment group, the hernias were treated with onlay implantation of

This study was carried out to study the toxic effect of smut wheat on male reproductive system of mice. The experimental study was performed in the laboratory using 20 mice, which divided into two groups, one group feed on normal diet, the other fed on a mixture of 50% normal diet with 50% smut wheat. A histopathological study was done on the testes of Mice fed on smut wheat for 30 days. The histopathological study revealed thickness of basement membrane of semiriferous tubule of mice, and desquamation of the sertoli cells and spermatogonium from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubule and has adversely effect on male fertility.

     Pigeonpox virus was isolated from severe cases of avipoxvirus infection affecting 64 pigeons in Ba'aquba of Diyala governarate. The virus grew well on chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos of 11-12 days old, and produced typical pock lesions. Histopathological sections of infected tissue samples revealed typical pox lesions. The virus was identified as Pigeonpox virus using of specific hyper immune serum and indirect immuno-flourescent and indirect immuno-peroxidase tests. The virus agglutinated RBCs of pigeon, fowl, turkey and duck. Experimental infection in pigeons produced moderate infection as compared to the diseased birds, while in chicken the virus produced mild infection.

    Bacteriological , cytological, and biochemical testing were performed on synovial fluid of 160 sheep’s and goats at Basrah slaughter house , 115 sheep (74 females, 41 males ) , 45 goats (34 females , 11 males). The incidence of bacterial isolation from infected sheeps was 40.05 %. in females , 48.78 % . in males ,while in goats it was  54.54%. in males 14.7%. in females. Bacterial isolates were staphalococcus aureus, pseudomonas  spp, and Hemophilus  spp.   Staph –aureus was senstive to impeneam and amikacin  Hemophilus spp. was sensitive to cephalexin and Ampicillin , all Pseudomonas spp. isolates were sensitive to penicil

Knemidocoptes mutans (Sercoptidae) was recorded for the first time in IRAQ in egg laying fowl

This study was concerned on the production of Bacillus anthracis
toxin and its use as a vaccine. Two groups of guinea pigs were
immunized with the toxin which was given in a dose of 0.5 ml
subcutaneously to the 1st group while the animals of the 2nd group were
immunized by instillation in the nose 4 drops into each naris. The two
groups were given booster dose 14 days after the 1st dose. The immunized
and control animals were bled by cardiac puncture 20 days after the
booster dose.
In the present study, anthraxin was used as an antigen in Enzyme
Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA) to measure the optical density
(OD) obtained from adminsteration of vaccine in two different routes.
High mean of optical dens

   The present study was carried on twenty adult males of Guinea pigs to evaluate the histomorphological and histochemical features of adrenal gland. Morphologically, Guinea pigs had a couple adrenal glands brown in color were located craniomedially attached to each cranial pole of kidney, the right adrenal gland had pyramidal shape, while the left had elongated shape. The statistical results showed that there is significant difference between the right and left adrenal gland in the weight, length, thickness, width and volume. The histological and histochemical results showed that adrenal gland was composed of cortex and medulla. The cortex was consisted of three zones. The zona glomerulosa was consisted of columnar or cuboidal

    الهدف من الدراسة هو الكشف عن نسبة حدوث حالات الإصابة بالبروسيلا في الكباش في منطقة السليمانية باستخدام اختبارات روزبنكال ، 2ميركابتوايثانول واختبار ELISA غير المباشر. أجري البحث على 253 كبش في حقول مختلفة من الأغنام التابعة الى ثماني مناطق ، وتمثلت Pepaz (12 كبش) ،Chamchamal (53 كبش) ، Barika (32 كبش) ،Damarkan (27 كبش) ، Qalghanlw (41 كبش) ، Darbasara (26 كبش) ، Dawye (38 كبش) وBazian (24 كبش). تم جمع عينات الدم من الوريد الوداجي لكباش. تم تحضير امص

     أجريت الدراسة في مختبر امراض الأسماك/كلية الطب البيطري جامعة بغداد للمدة بين 1/3 ولغاية 1/6/2103 لمعرفة مدى تاثير سمية مبيد كلايفوسيت اكوا في عدد كريات الدم الحمر وخلايا الدم البيض وتركيز الهيموغلوبين ونسبة عدد الخلايا المرصوصة، فضلا عن تحديد عدد الأنوية الصغيرة في كريات الدم الحمر في الأسماك التجريبية في سمك البني Barbus sharpeyi ، تراوحت  أوزانها بين 10-15غم، قيست الجرعة النصف قاتلة LC₅₀، كما ا

أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير التغذية الملحية في بعض الصفات الفسلجية لأسماك الكارب الشائع (Cyprinus carpio).   وقد استُعمل ملح الطعام في تركيب علائق غذائية بالنسب الآتية 1 و3 و5 % فضلاً عن عليقة السيطرة الخالية من الملح. مثلت كل عليقة غذائية معاملة بنفسها إشتملت على ثلاثة مكررات. استعمل 200 سمكة من الكارب الشائع ووزعت على 12 حوضاً زجاجيا بواقع 6 أسماك / حوض بمعدل وزن30  ± 10 غم. درست تأثيرات التغذية الملحية في ال

     This study aimed to investigate the effects of injection hatching eggs with different doses of vitamin E on productive traits, some physiological and immune response to Newcastle disease vaccine. Two hundred fertile eggs of broiler breeder Ross (308) strain were incubated in automatic incubator machine after divided into four treatments (50 eggs per treatment) with two replicates. First treatment was injected 0.1ml/egg of phosphate buffer sterile into amniotic fluid at day 18^th of incubation which it was considered as control group, second treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine, third treatment was injected with 0.1ml/egg of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine

     أجريت هذه الدراسة بهدف بيان تأثير إضافة بعض مضادات الأكسدة الانزيمية (الكاتليز) والكلوتاثيون المختزل وخليطهما إلى مخفف  Trisفي قابلية التجميد لثيران الهولشتاين بعد الحفظ بالتجميد لمدد مختلفة. استعمل في هذه الدراسة سبعة ثيران هولشتاين بأعمار تتراوح بين 2.5–3 سنة. جمع السائل المنوي بوساطة المهبل الاصطناعي بواقع قذفة واحدة/ثور/اسبوع. جُمع السائل المنوي الطازج للثيران جميعها (Pooled semen) وقُسمَ بالتس

Repeated breeder dairy cows (96) were used in this study. They were diagnosed clinically as

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ciprofloxacin on-serum alkaline phosphates level in normal mice , the dosage used is treatment and double dose (5 

10 mg / kg ) orally for 5 days . The result showed that ciprofloxacin caused a marked increase in serum alkaline phosphates with the increase of dose, and this may be releated to the damage of cell in liver , kidney and bone

     A total of 200 samples were collected from 100 goats from more than one regions within the three governorates (Sulaimani, Erbil and Duhok); all these samples were tested by California mastitis test and these showed the following results: 103 samples (51.50%) were negative in all governorates, 28(14.00%) were trace, 35(17.50%) were (+) mark and 34(17.00%) were (++) mark. Clinical mastitis was observed on 93 out of 200 half udder of goats, in the three governorates; 37(18.5%) were acute mastitis, 27(13.5%) were sub acute mastitis and 19(9.5%) were Chronic mastitis. Examination of extracted DNA by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction out of 200 DNA extracted from milk samples of goats only 10 (5.00%) were positive fo

Thirty two mice were used to study the histopathological changes resulted
from the effect of vitamin C on the some mice tissues treated with nitrate.
Mice were divided randomly in to four equal groups. The 1st group was given
Vit C and potassium nitrate via water. The 2nd group was given potassium nitrate
and the 3rd group received Vit C only, while the 4th group represented the
control.
Two animals from each group were scarified weekly. The results showed
similar pathological changes in the 1st and 2nd group especially in the stomach
and intestine which gave severe changes that characterized by hyperplastic
changes in addition for the hemorrhages and the infiltrations of inflammatory
cells in all layers of

In 120 hen eggs ( local eggs , hatching eggs and table eggs ) a bacteriological
pollution with high rate was observed by isolating 427 bacterial isolates from
which 199 isolates related to the egg's shell , 117 isolates related to albumen sac,
and 111 isolates related to yolk sac .
The Salmonella ssp isolates were the greater number (142 isolates) ,
Echerichia coli ( 138 isolates ) , Streptococcus ssp ( 89 isolated) and lately
Staphylococcus ssp ( 58 isolates ) which was never isolated from internal egg
components (Albumen Sac and yolk sac) .
The study explains that the shell of the egg is more contaminated than
Albumen Sac and yolk sac and that the table egg is more contaminated than the
other groups.

A total of 24 samples of three different kinds of locally produced soft
cheese manufactured from raw milk of Cows , Buffaloes and Ewes
( 8 samples of each) were collected at weekly intervals from different
areas of Baghdad city in the period from the beginning of December
2007 till the end of January 2008.
The main objective of this study was to isolats , identify and
enumerate Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157from locally produced soft
cheese , besides that , to study the effect of cheese storage temperature
(4 C) and different salt concentration solutions on the viability and
survival of E.coli O157 in stored cheese .
Data demonstrate that 11 out 24 of samples 45.84% were found to
have Enterohaemorrhagic E

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding feed
blocks (FB) enriched with different sources of protein on the performance of
Awassi ewes during late pregnancy, suckling and milking stages. Experiment
(1) was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding feed blocks enriched with
different sources of protein on the performance of Awassi ewes during late
pregnancy. Eighty pregnant Awassi ewes (mean live weight 09.91±0.31 Kg),
aged 3-5 years were allocated into four groups according to ewes’ live weight.
First group (T1) fed ordinary high energy FB (OFB) + straw (ad-libitum). The
second group (T2) fed FB enriched with cottonseed meal (FBCSM) + straw (adlibitum).
The third group (T3) fe

Genetically altered stable non reverting aromatic dependent (aro)
Salmonella typhimurium,strain SL1479 was administrated intramuscularly to
healthy pregnant guinea pigs as alive vaccine. Twenty one pregnant guinea pigs
were divided into two groups, the first group (15 animals) was vaccinated twice
with 1ml containing 17 C.f.U /ml approximately fourth and second week preparturition
and the second group (6 animals) injected with 1ml trypticase soy
broth (TSB) as a control group.
Adverse reaction to vaccination were not observed in the pregnant guinea
pigs, which parturated normally. The vaccine induced humoral and cellular
immune response as measured by tube agglutination test and delayed type
hypersensitivity

Locally isolated fowl pox virus was inoculated on chorioallantoic membrane
of chick embryos, leads to the appearances of odema and pocks lesion on the
membrane , 120 hours post inoculation .Virus assay showed that the infectivity
titer were 106.8 to 107.5 EID50/0.1 ml in embryonated chicken eggs. Monolayer
tissue cultures of chick embryo fibroblast cells infected with fowl pox virus were
examined by acridine orange staining and indirect immunoperoxidase test to study
the cytopathogenic effects of the virus . The most striking cytoplasmic changes
observed was the presence of the intracytoplasmic inclusions at 24-48 hours post
inoculation, numerous inclusions were clearly seen at 72 hr. P.I.in addition to
cytopla

The present study aimed to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using aqueous extract of black currant as a reducing agent. The green synthesized black currant selenium nanoparticles (BCSeNPs) were identified by color change. The characterization of SeNPs was achieved by Ultraviolet-visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X–ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These tests were used to detect: stability, morphology, size, crystalline nature, and functional groups present on the surface of BCSeNPs. The results revealed appearance of the brick-red color indicating the specific color of selenium nanoparticles, and UV-Vis spectroscopy showed band absorbance at

Sixty samples of bursa of Fabricius were collected from broiler chickens suspected to be infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in different areas of Iraq for molecular evaluation. The extracted nucleic acid was amplified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting genes of segment A (Vp2, Vp3, Vp4 and Vp5 genes) and segment B (VP1 genes). The products of amplification were sent to Korea for sequencing using Sanger method. The sequencing analysis of the IBDV from the Iraqi isolates revealed that each gene had different transition and transversion (nonsense and missense of point mutation) compared to reference genes. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the VP2

Calotropis procera is announced to be medicinal and poisonous plant to human and animals. In this study, the toxicological effects of aqueous leaves extract were evaluated experimentally in rabbits. The median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated at 2435.25 mg/kg BW using the Up and Down method. Twenty-five local breed rabbits, 1-2-year-old and 1-1.9 kg BW, were divided randomly into five groups with five rabbits each. Those of groupsI, II, III and IV were exposed to 1/10 of LD50 (243.5mg/kg), 1/12.5 of LD50 (194.8 mg/kg), 1/15 of LD50 (162.4 mg/kg), and 1/20 of LD50 (121.8 mg/kg BW of extract respectively for 8 weeks, while those in G.V were left without exposed as a control group. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins,

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of scaffold fabricated from Nano crab shell and Al-kharit (Papyrus Vaccine) for enhancing the healing of the experimentally induced bone defect in dogs. For this purpose, twenty healthy adult mongrel dogs were used in this study which divided randomly into two equal groups, under general anesthesia, 1 cm bone gap was created in the distal part of the tibia, that fixed by bone plate and screws. Nano crab shell scaffold was implanted. All experimental animals showed normal situation without any infection at the site of operation, while the radiography showed a periosteal and endosteal reaction. Moreover, the gaps were bridged faster in the treated group as compared with the control gro

Lysozyme and avidin were initially separated from egg white by cation exchange chromatography (Doulite C-464). Avidin was then isolated from lysozyme

 The efficacy of invermection in treatment of an outbreak of mange Moritanin and local adults caused by Sarcoptes Scabiei Var Carprae mites was studied 

Invermection was given S/C at a dose rate 0.

Twelve horses were divided into three equal groups. Group I animals were inoculated orally with (3.7 X1012)CFU of a highly virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium 3,;a_r cop§_n__hagen. Group 11 animals were inoculated orally with 2 doses of Salmonella and then challenged with a high dose. Group III horses, served as non - infected control. ‘

The main lesions were primarily confined to the digestive tract and were characterized by catarrhal enteritis. Pseudornembrane covered the mucosa of the ileum at the ileo — cecal Valve region.

Histopathological examination revealed marked rnononuclear cellular infiltration in the lamina propria and occasionally necrosis and edema in the mucosa and submucosa of the intestine.<