The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of diazepam-propofol-Ketamine protocol for induction of general anaesthesia in rabbits. The experiment was conducted on seventeen healthy male adult local rabbits weighting 0.9-1.5 kg. Rabbits were given protocol, Diazepam 1mg/kg B.W. by intramuscular injection then 15 minutes later propofol 10 mg/kg B.W. as bolus slow intravenous injection and ketamine 25 mg/kg BW by intramuscular injection. Several parameters included respiratory rate, body temperature and heart rate were recorded before injection of drugs and after giving the anesthetic protocol at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 minutes. The results showed that the anaesthesia with diazepam, propofol and Ketamine protoco

     This study was designed   to investigate the oestrus activity, oestrogen profile and enzymatic change Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at different stage of gestation and parturition in shami and Iraqi goat. A total of 30 mature female goat of two different breed (fifteen animals / each) were used, their reproduction was followed from January upto July -2013. The investigation included studying oestrus synchronization and allowing the animal to be mated naturally by proven buck. Blood sample were collected before gestation then every fifteen days until parturition. Results showed 100 % of female express estruse after synchronization and (73% and 67%) in shami and Iraqi goats respectively, become pregnant. Reg

This experiment was aimed to investigate the role of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) in ameliorating the deleterious effects of methionine overload on some histopathological structure of heart and aorta in adult female rabbits. Thirty-Two female rabbits divided into four groups eight animals each, and treated for 42 days daily as follows: the first groups were drenched drinking corn oil, serving as control (group C), second group (group T1) were intubated orally with methionine 100mg/kg. B.W, while the third group (groupT2) were intubated orally with methionine 100mg/kg. B.W and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) 30 mg /Kg. B.W, and the animals in group T3 were intubated orally with pomegranate seed oil 30 mg /Kg. B.W. At the end of the experiment ra

The aim of the present study is to prepare ethanol extract of Pomegranate peel and the effects of this extract on testicular weight to body weight ratio, Serum cholesterol, testosterone concentration and histopathological changes of testes in rabbits treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Twenty four adult male rabbits were used. They were divided randomly into four equal groups. Animals were treated for 56 days as following: Rabbits of the 1st group were received 1 ml distal water orally once a day and olive oil 0.5 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a week as control group. The second group were treated I.P with 500mg / kg B.W. of CCl4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (0.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T1). The third group was received po

     The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of season and first, second and third services on reproductive efficiency of  1086 cows throughout the artificial insemination technique during 2012 as well as the effect of season of the year on the conception rates in cows in Sulaimani Region. The conception rate of first, second and third services were 69.3, 27.5, and 3%, respectively, with overall conception rate 45%. The total number of male calves born was 282 and the female calves were 211. The conception rate obtained at the Halabja station reaching its highest value follow Sharazoor station then Chamchamal station, while Rania station performed the lowest value. The conception rate in the

        The aims of this study to evaluate the antibacterial potential of standard strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus ROO52 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12) that produce bacteriocins against E.coli O157:H7 in raw milk.  Thirty raw milk samples randomly were collected weekly different markets of Baghdad city in order to investigate the prevalence of E.coli O157:H7 in milk. The prevalence of  E.coli O157:H7 in raw milk samples was  6 out 30 (20%) by using the modern chromogenic media with serological latex agglutination test kit. The average diameter of the inhibition zone of crude bacteriocin against  E .coli O

This study was conducted on sixty seven cows of different breeds and ages (non-descriptive cows). The female genital organs were examined carefully through the rectum before slaughter. Blood samples were also collected prior to slaughter to estimate the levels of progesterone and estrogen level. Gross examination of the same genital organs was approved post slaughter. A comparison has been done to assess the accuracy of rectal palpation for diagnosis of some normal and abnormal conditions. The incidence of findings in rectal palpation were 39 (58.2%) normal non-pregnant, 16 (23.88%) normal pregnant and 12 (17.91%) abnormal conditions. While the findings in gross examination were 32 (47.76%) , 18 (26.86%) and 17 (25.37%), respectively , g

The objective of this study is to evaluate the existence of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi as probable agents of naturally occurring infection of the equine upper respiratory disease from the Equestrian Club in Baghdad city. Nasal swabs and pus samples from 141 horses with upper respiratory tract infections were collected. Results indicated that different microorganisms were isolated and identified S. equi subsp equi (30 isolates), S. equi subsp zooepidemicus (14 isolates), S. equisimilus (9 isolates), Enterococcus fecalis (17 isolates), Pasteurella spp. (29 isolates), Staphylococcus spp. (25 isolates), Bacillus spp. (

     The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of borne tuberculin infection in milk sample by using PCR.  (102) milk samples were collected from  cows , AL-Dejella (39) samples,  AL-Suara (20) samples cow station, AL-Fthalia (20) samples,  AL-Azezia (11) samples and AL-Twarege (12) samples (Iraq) during the period  July 10^th   2010 to  Nov.30^th   2010. The samples were examined by direct smear stained by Ziehle-Neelson stain, culture methods and confirmed the isolates by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. The results showed that  5, 102 (4.9%) milk samples were M. bovis positive that were detected by

Sustanonصممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التأثيرات المرضية لأحد أنواع مركبات الاندروجين البنائية المتمثلة بالسستتانو 011 بتراكيتتتخ مفتلفتتتة فتتتي ذكتتتور الجرذا .ضتتتمت التجربتتتة 31 جتتترذاس قستتتمت اشتتتوائياس جلتتت ومتتت مجتتتامي بواقتتت جتتترذاس ل تتتل تة مجمواة.المجمواتة الأولت اتدت مجمواتة ستيطرب ستالبة متت معاملتاتا بالمتا والعلتم وأمتا المجمواتة الثانيتة فوتد ا تد ت مجموات تبواياس ل تت أست تت السمست تا بخي

This study was investigated to recognize the generative capacity of liver that influenced by administration of estradiole benzoate. Twenty four healthy local breed male rabbits weighed 1.5-2 kg were used .They were classified into two equal groups control and treated groups. Animals anaesthetized by intramuscular injection of Ketamine (35mg /kg B.W) and Xylazine (5mg\kg B.W.) In control group partial hepatectomy of liver was done, while in treated animals were subject to a same operation then received an intramuscular injection 0.1ml of estradiol benzoate 0.2% at 3rd and 5th days post operation. At 3rd days microscopic finding showed biopsy were taken at 3rd, 7th and 14 day, post operation to study the histopathological changes in liver

The main purpose of this study was to convey a more precise explanation of the intrahepatic
pattern of the tributaries of portal and hepatic veins in sheep and goats. Also to give broad
information on the portal and hepatic vein and there topographic relation that may give a useful
base for the hepatic segmentation, aiming to provide a correct base for surgical procedures and liver
transplantation. Twelve livers collected from adult sheep and goats of both sexes. The portal and
hepatic veins were studied by using cross dissection, corrosion cast and radiographic examination.
Subject of this investigation show the portal vein of the sheep is slightly narrower than that of the
goat. Also the pattern of intrahepat

The present study was conducted in two different farms, including (256) foaling mares in : AL-Laith equine herd and equestrian club in AL-Ameria, 4-14 years old foaling mares which are situated in areas around Baghdad and extended one calendar from July 2011 until July 2012 . These mares were examined for pregnancy diagnosis by trans-rectal ultrasonography using a 5 MHz lineararray transducer between Days 10 and 40 after breeding (breeding day = Day 0). Criteria to assess the accuracy of trans-rectal sonography were overall accuracy (correct diagnoses/all diagnoses), sensitivity (correct diagnoses "pregnant"/all pregnant animals), and specificity (correct diagnoses "non-pregnant" /all non-pregnant animals. The sensitivity, specificity an

To study the influence of whole sonicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens (WSPAgs) on experimental arthritis induced by this bacteria, 15 rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups. The 1st group was inoculated intraarticular with 0.2 ml of p. aeruginosa suspension (2×108 cfu/ml), the 2nd group was immunized with WSP Ags, and inoculated intraarticular as in the 1st group. The 3rd group was served as negative control group. At 30 day post inoculation the immunized (2nd) group showed increase in the cellular (DTH and IFN-γ) and humeral (IgG) immunity and moderate bacterial isolation from joints, blood and internal organs comparing with other groups. The 1st group showed sever symptoms and inflammatory reaction as well as very obvious gross

Brucella spp are important food pathogen those can be infected the human-being during consumption of contaminated milk and milk products from sheep, goats, and cattle with Brucella spp. In this study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct detection of Brucella spp. from milk of sheep and cattle were employed to amplify 233bp product of highly conserved regions of BCSP31 gene encoding a 31-KDa cell surface protein in B. melitensis and B. abortus. The results showed that the sheep were more frequent for shedding of Brucella spp in their milk, where appeared (6/50 samples) at (12%). Whereas the cattle appeared less frequency for shedding of Brucella in their milk, which showed (2/50 samples) at (4%). It can be concluded that PCR tec

The aim of this study was to identify pasteurella multocida and their types by PCR in cattle’s and buffaloesi bagdad from March to August 2012 on 204 animals , including 102 cattle and 102 buffaloes at slaughter houses from Baghdad .Blood samples and nasal swaps were collected , before slaughtering and lung tissues of slaughtered animal , and from 54 clinically suspected cases of pasteurellosis , including 27 bovines ,and 27 buffaloes the samples taken included blood and nasal swabs . Pasteurellamultocida were isolated from 94 animals include 49 cattle 45 buffaloes. The typing of the isolates by multiplex PCR for genotyping Pasteuerllamultocida revealed 93 isolates of type B , 31 from cattle and 62 from buffaloes ,and 81 isolates of ty

      هدفت الدراسة معرفة مدى انتشار القمل والقراد الصلب  في الاغنام من خلال  فحص 516 رأسا ،لأعمار واجناس مختلفـة عشوائيا في  مناطق مختلفة  لمدينة بعقوبة ـ  محافظة ديالى، للمدة مـن 1 تشرين ثاني 2011 ولغايـــة 31 ايار2012 . بلغت نسبة اصابـــــة الاغنام الكليـــــة بالقمـل المـــــــــــاص           ( Linognathus  africanus) والعاض (  Bovicola  ovis )18.21% و  0.19% ع

This study was conducted to determine the anatomical examination of the
salivary glands, their position and their opening in the indiagenous geeze (Anser
anser).
Eight healthy birds (4 male & 4 female) were used.
The data showed that the geese have well developed salivary glands namely,
palatine (lateral and medial) spheno pterygoid glands of the angle of the mouth
and cricoarytenoid salivary glands. Those salivary glands opened by means of
the main excretory ducts in the oral cavity while the lingual (anterior &
posterior) and mandibular (anterior & posterior) salivary glands. Exhibited
numerous ducts opened in the oral cavity.

Three types of locally isolated Pasteurella multocida antigenes namely the whole sonicated bacteria (WSB) the bacterial cell wall (BCW) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of bacteria were prepared as a vaccine . Each type of antigenes was used in 3 concentrations that are 10⁷, 10⁹ and 10¹¹ Colony Forming Units / bird for WSB and 250,500 and 750 mg/bird for BCW and LPS. Each of the prepared concentrations was injected subcutaneously into a group of  broiler breeder chickens and one group was left as a control . The groups were vaccinated 2 times at 10 and 18 weeks. The progress of immune response was monitered throughout a passive haemagglutination, an agar gel immunodiffusion, delayed type hyp

This study was conducted to investigate the Influence of feeding different types feed blocks as supplementary feed on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes grazing cereal stubble. These types were feed blocks enriched with cottonseed meal (CSM) or Brewers’ grain (BG) as sources undegradable protein (UDP). Ninety-six Awassi ewes (mean live weight 42.2 Kg), aged 3-4 years were allocated into three groups according to ewes live weight and body condition score.
Group (C): Control (No Supplement) stubble grazing only.
Group (FBC): FB enriched with CSM supplement plus stubble grazing.
Group (FBB): FB enriched with BG supplement plus stubble grazing.
All ewes were run as one flock during cereal stubble grazing. The feed bloc

The present study was done in different period to study the pathological effects of different doses of Cobalt – 60 radiation which represent an example of gamma rays in white rats by study the pathological & cytogentic changes. Two groups of rats exposure ,first : C0 50 second C- 150 gray for (0,30,45,90)days and the 3rd group control .The results show significant increased P<0.01 in micronuclei with high dose (C-150). Chromosomal aberration and SCE showed significant P<0.01 increased mostly in C-150 at (45 7 90)days of exposure with frequency of breaks ,dicentric , acentric and ring shape with significant reduction in mitotic index (MI)and replicative (RI) index. Pathological changes revealed that increased and enlargement w

This study designed to know the immuno suppressor effect of aflatoxins
and the efficacy of levamisole to reduce these effects in the titer of antibodies
and protection against challenge for Newcastle disease vaccine in chickens.
This trail include three groups, first group fed on ration free from
aflatoxins contamination, Second group fed on ration contaminated with
aflatoxins, while the third group fed on the same ration of second group and
given levamisole via drinking water with the dose of 10mg/kg of body weight.
All groups vaccinated twice against Newcastle disease at 10 and 20 days
of age. The immunity evaluated by ELISA test at 6, 19, 31 days of age and
challenged at 32 days old.
The results indicate

Recent reports shown that the supplementation of the broiler ration with a
probiotic leads to an ideal microbial balance in the intestinal microflora of their
gastrointestinal tract. Such balance, however, would reflect on their health and
performance. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two
probiotic products, Biomin and Iraqi probiotic, on the broiler performance
characteristics. A total of 500 Lohman broiler chicks, one day old, were
randomly distributed into five dietary groups as follow:
T1: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Biomin (1.5 Kg/ Ton diet).
T2: chicks fed on diet with full dose of Biomin. (3 Kg/ Ton diet)
T3: chicks fed on diet with half dose of Iraqi probiotic. (2.5 Kg/

To induce copper deficiency in sheep 15 Awassi ewes were choosen from the
veterenary medicine collage and randomly divided into three equal groups for the
experimental period (18 weeks).
the 1st group were fed on balanced concentrated diet with low level of copper
(2.6) mg/day was used to feed the primary deficiency group while the 2nd group
were fed on a balanced concentrated diet contained 5.2 mg/day copper in addition
of the green food and the protein ratio and energy level were considered. The
secondary deficiency group received an oral mixture of ammonium molybdate
100 mg with 1 g of sodium sulphate in 100 ml of water daily.
Wool samples from the ewes and their lambs were collected to study the
hanges i

In order to know the cross –protection between antigene of T.rubrum and
C.albicans,17 mice were used and they were divided into (3) groups,1st group(7
animals) was immunized with T.rubrum antigen,two doses, and injected S/C
with virulent C. albicans,the 2nd group (5 animals) was infected with
C.albicans and considered as positive control,3rd group was served as negative
group which injected 0.5 ml of sterile normal saline s /c The results showed
that the antigen of T.rubrum stimulated a good immune response in
immunized mice against C.albicans.

    Bacteriological , cytological, and biochemical testing were performed on synovial fluid of 160 sheep’s and goats at Basrah slaughter house , 115 sheep (74 females, 41 males ) , 45 goats (34 females , 11 males). The incidence of bacterial isolation from infected sheeps was 40.05 %. in females , 48.78 % . in males ,while in goats it was  54.54%. in males 14.7%. in females. Bacterial isolates were staphalococcus aureus, pseudomonas  spp, and Hemophilus  spp.   Staph –aureus was senstive to impeneam and amikacin  Hemophilus spp. was sensitive to cephalexin and Ampicillin , all Pseudomonas spp. isolates were sensitive to penicil

The evaluation of gingerol as medical entities in Iraq and Jamaica cultivated
ginger was done in this experiment. Two different types of cultivated ginger
(Iraq and Jamaica) of the same species (Zingiber officinal) were extracted to
achieve the subject of this study. Extraction was performed by two different
stages: the first stage preparative and extraction. Harvested ginger was prepared
for extraction by wash, denotation, drying, grinding, and extracting by acetone
under heating. The second stage is separation by two steps via TLC and HPLC.
The quality and quantity of oleoresin and gingerol in each step of separation
were checked by spots diameter and RF value of spot migration in TLC ginger
compounds and qua

This study was conducted to investigate the hypolycemic effect of the aqueous
extract and some active ingredients of Nigella Sativa seeds in normal rabbits. Twenty
four male rabbits were divided into six equal groups. The first five groups were received
by gavage needle 160,240,320,400 and 480 mg/kg B.W. of the aqueous extract, while
the sixth group which served as control received normal saline solution. After two hours
of administration, the group which received 320 mg showed the lowest blood sugar level
as compared to control and other treated groups. This dose was considered for the next
studies.
Lectin was isolated from Nigella Sativa seeds by 0.2M phosphate buffer containing
0.15M NaCl at pH 7.0, and the

The study was conducted to find out the effect of some feed additives in
reducing the infection rate of broilers with Salmonella typhimurium.
Forty broiler chicks at one week of age were divided into 4 treatments, 10
chicks each as follows:
T1: uninfected control.
T2: Salmonella typhimurium infected + Iraqi Probiotic.
T3: Salmonella typhimurium infected + Poultrygrow 250.
T4: Salmonella typhimurium infected only.
One day after feeding on feed additives, the birds were experimentally
infected with Salmonella typhimurium through the mouth.
Results show that Iraqi probiotic did not decrease the severity of infection
with Salmonella typhimurium in comparison with those of Poultrygrow 250,
shown by the perc

An epidemiological study was done on 2 groups of children infected
with watery diarrhea in some hospitals of Baghdad (group 1: immunocompetent
outpatients, group 2: immunosuppressed inpatients).
Modified cold Ziehl Neelsen stain was used in diagnosis. The whole
oocysts antigen prepared after conduction of experimental infection in 2 calves
by using isolated oocysts from children stool, and this prepared antigen was
used in Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IFAT).
The percentage of infection in the 2 groups of outpatients and inpatients
were 21.2% and 32% respectively, and there was a difference in percentage of
infection between the 3 groups of children, the highest was 36.4% in group with
leukemia an