This study was planned to reveal the changes in blood gases and acid-base
values in mastitic cows and to state the intravenous fluid therapy regimen
treatment. A herd with a population of 150 lactating cows was screened for
clinical and subclinical mastitis for a period of 6 months. Based on inclusion and
exclusion criteria, twenty-eight cows with clinical mastitis were divided in three
groups (mastitic not treated (group M), mastitic treated with antibiotic only
(group TA) and mastitic treated with antibiotic and fluid therapy (group TAF)
and another five healthy cows (group C) served as controls. Blood gases, SCC,
CMT scores, udder health status and cure rate were carefully investigated. There
was significant

Transfer factor has been prepared from sensitized guinea pigs against heat
killed Mycobacterium bovis antigen and protective efficacy were evaluated in
guinea pigs that gave 1 ml of transfer factor equivalent 5x108 cell / ml of sensitized
and normal cell donor; then challenged with dose 0.01 mg / animal of virulent
Mycobacterium bovis, After 40 days of challenge all animals were sacrificied.
Histologically: - TFs recipient group showed a mono-nuclear cells
infiltration’s (Lymphocytes & Macrophages) with a mild emphysema of lungs, and
liver showed mononuclear cells ,a small necrotic foci in the lymphocytic organs
(spleen & lymph nodes); the kidney showed mononuclear cells in glomeruli and
urinary tubul

The present Study Showed that the falciform process and vitereal vessels is extended upper to retina, which are found only in S. triostegus . The visual cells in both fishes have cones and rods with myoid element, myoids are inconspicuous in S. triostegus . The cones in S. triostegus are large but in L. abu found in four types, long single cones, short single cones, dwarf cones and twin cones. It appears that the cones in L. abu arranged as mosaic include square and row patterns, but they are distributed randomly in S. triostegus , also the cones in L. abu have lateral fins which are lack in S. triostegus .The result showed that three types of ganglion cells, long, medium and small as well as there is additional type called Giant ganglio

اللقاحات الحية تختلف اللقاحات الحية ضد مرض کمبورو في ضراوتها وتركيبها المستضدي وطرق استعمالها

 Comparative studies about the characteristics of the acute toxicity of streptomycin and gentamicin and

Parathyroid gland of ten adult one-humped came] has been collected from the slaughter house. Glands have been fixed sectioned and stained by several procedures. The gland measured 1.2 cm in length, 0.4 cm in width and 0.25 cm thick. It differs in position from left to right side due to displacement of thyroid gland. The gland consisted of aggregate of cells arranged as solid masses, clusters, cords or strands. The parenchyma of the gland appeared with different cell density. Four cell type has been distinguished, viz., light as well as dark chief cells, oxyphils and syncytial cells.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the role of flavonoinds of Nigella sativum seeds to reduce the
effect of hydrogen peroxide on electrocardiography in rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided into
three equal groups (6\group) and were treated for six weeks as follows: first group (control), which were given
ordinary tap water, second treated group (T1), animals in this group given 0.5%H2O2 in drinking water and
third treated group (T2) was handled as in T1 plus oral intubation of flavonoinds (27.5mg\Kg B.W).
Electrocardiography was recordings from rabbits after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment. The results conducted that
H2O2 treated group (T1) showed significant increased in P-R interval, R-voltage and sig

     Four weeks old mice were used for experimental infection with isolated bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus. Mice were divided into three groups: The first group was infected by intracerebral route, the second group was infected by intranasal route and the third group was a control group. Experimental infection with isolated bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus in mice revealed that the isolated BPIV-3 was unable to kill 4 weeks old mice within 65 days when inoculated by intracerebral route, but isolated BPIV-3 was shown to kill (5 out of 10) 4 weeks old mice within 65 days when inoculated by intranasal route. There was no mortality in the control group within the same period. Two weeks old mice were used for experimen

This study designed to determine the chloroform concentration in drinking water in Baghdad city. The
chloroform concentration specified into drinking wter into four portions per a week along two weeks in each
month for three months of this study (August, October and December) , 2008 each portion has two samples,
so the total number be 48 drinking water samples (sixteen samples per month as an equal portions for each
project and district).
Four projects of water supply filtration stations were selected in Baghdad city, two of them were in Kerkh
side (include Qadissia water supply project and Al-karama water supply project). The other two projects in
the Rusafa side, include Al-wahda and Al-Wathba water supply projects

To investigate the impact of Enterococcus faecium as a probiotic in the
performance of layer male chicks and some aspects of immunity, Newcastle disease
antibodies and the blood picture, this bacteria was given in the feed of layer male
chicks with a dose rate of 1.5 g\kg of feed, each kg of feed contained (5×1011CFU)
along the experiment which last 57 days. 150 male chicks were divided into five
groups, the 1st group was given the probiotic in the feed, the 2nd group was given the
probiotic and was exposed to bad ventilation and high temperature as a stress, the
third group was given the probiotic and chlortetracycline in the feed, the fourth group
was given the probiotic and then infected with E. coli on day 21

This study was carried on 50 calves with septic arthritis. Synovial effusion was obtained by

This study was conducted to compare the effect of adding organic chromium (Biochrome) and
organic acids (Galli acids) for reducing experimentally infected broiler chicks by Salmonella
typhimurium . A total of 400 one day old broiler chicks were divided into four dietary groups which
were: un-treated negative control (T1) , 044 ppb organic chromium / kg feed (T2) , 4.0 of organic acids
/ kg feed (T3) and positive control (T4) . After one day of feeding T2 ,T3 and T4 chicks were oral
experimentally infected by S. typhimurium. Results have shown :
Mortality of positive control broiler chicks were 70 % , added organic chromium and organic acids
reduced chicks mortality tto 10 % in each , also the results revealed that th

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding aspirin to the diet on some
biochemical parameters such as blood serum glucose , cholesterol , uric acid , total protein ,
phosphorus and calcium concentrations of broilers reared in high density (15 birds / m ) . A 90 chicks 7
days old were distributed into two treatments (45 chicks per treatment ) , T1 chicks fed a diet without
aspirin (control) , chicks in T2 fed a diet supplemented with 0.2 % aspirin (2 mg aspirin / kg feed) .
Each treatment subdivided into three replicates and each replicate reared in 1 X 1 m pen . The data
obtained revealed the following:
Blood serum glucose concentration were 189 mg /100 ml , cholesterol concentration were 207

Out of 704 sheep examined from three provinces (Baghdad, Hilla and Diala) in the central part of Iraq, 323(45.88%) were infected with Theileria  hirci, 80 (11.36%) with Anaplasma ovis and 19(2.70%) with Babesia motasi. The percentage of sheep infected with Th. Hirci was much higher (P < 0.01) than those with A. ovis and B. motasi. The rate of infection with Th. hirci and A. ovis but not B. motasi increased with advancing age. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the rate of infection between males and females

Morphological variation in helminthes parasites is a well- established phenomenon and may have many
sources and important taxonomic implications. The morphological differences between the two isolates of
Echinococcus granulosus were the dimensions of worm total length , number of the developing segment ,
testes distribution , details of the cirrus sac and position of genital pore .The results of present study indicate
that there is a form of the parasite is adapted to donkey and other in camel have some differences in
morphological also biological features not tackled in the present work .Genetic study is required for strain
detection for clarification of the situation in a country .

    Listeria monocytogenes has important medical health infection in human and animals. The present study aimed to investigate the significant ultrastructure changes occurred in liver post-infection by pathogenic strain of Listeria monocytogenes. Twenty-six mice of both sexes divided into two groups; 1^st group (n=21) infected with 0.2 ml (2x10⁹ CFU/ml) of Listeria monocytogenes I/P and 2^nd group (n=5) served as negative control group, all animal of both groups sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours post infection (7 mice for each time of infected group). The histopathology of liver tissues post infection revealed degenerative changes and severe necrosis in hepatic lob

The genital organs of (89) Iraqi local cows. Collected from Al Tagi and Al- Mshahda areas of Baghdad region, were exmined for pathological pattern's Gross abnormalities of genital tract were found to the uterine affection in the study had incidence (77) included other cases in other organs addition to inactive ovary 8 cases, follicular cyst (4) cases alone : 1-Inactive ovary 27 Cases 24% Luteal cyst 3 Cases 2.67% 2-Follicular cyst 14 Cases 12.46% Ovarian aplasia 3 Cases 2.67% 3-Ovario bursal adhesion 7 Cases 6.23% Para ovarian cys 1 Case 0.89% 4-Obstruction of the oviduct 3 Cases 2.67% Poysalpinx 1 Case 0.89% 5-Acute salpingitis 5 Cases 4.45% Chronic salpingitis 7 Cases 6.23% 6-Acute endometritis 5 Cas

Mycotoxicosis refers to the deleterious pathological effects of different types of toxins produced by some worldwide distributing fungi. Mycotoxins, as secondary metabolites are affecting different organs and systems both in animals and human beings. Zearalenone (ZEA), the well-known estrogenic mycotoxins, is an immunotoxic agent. This macrocyclic beta-resorcyclic acid lactone is mycotoxin procreated as a secondary metabolic byproduct by several types of Fusarium, encompassing Fusarium roseum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, and different other types. Attributing to its potent estrogenic activity, ZEA has been incriminated as one of the major causes of female reproductive disorders. Thus, the purpose

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التغيرات الشهرية في قياسات الخصى والبرابخ ونشاط الذكور في الجاموس العراقي.
تضمنت الدراسة 052 خصية أخذت من مجزرة شرق مدينة كربلاء وللفترة من شهر كانون الأول ولغاية شهر ايلول
,أجري فحص عياني للذكر قبل الذبح للتأكد من سلامته الصحية. وأجري تقييم للسائل المنوي ) الحركة الفردية ،الحيوية
،التركيز والتشوهات (للسائل المسحوب من ذيل البربخ .وزنت الخصية اليمنى بعد الذبح وأخذت أبعاد الخصية والب

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of fimbriae antigens for immunization of rabbits against Proteus vulgaris bacteria results showed a higher significant difference (P<0.05) in erythema diameters in the immunized groups in compared with the control. There was no significant difference between both immunized groups 200 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml after 24 hours. Also, a higher significant differences (P<0.05) in the diameter of induration is recorded in both immunized groups compared to control site, a higher significant differences (P<0.05) in the immunized group (100 μg/ml) at the concentration 200 μg/ml compared with 100 and 50 μg/ml after 24 hours, as follow as after 48 hours except significant differences between 200

The main objective of this study was to determine what effect the addition
of sodium fluoride would have on the Cheddar cheese quality. Raw milk was
pasteurized and separated for three treatments as follows: control, supplemented
with 4 ppm and 40 ppm fluoride. Cheddar cheese was processed for each
treatment and ripened for 120 days at 7oC and sampled at 60 and 120 days.
Analyses performed included both sensory evaluation and gas chromatography
with headspace sampling (GCHS). Under conditions of this study significant
P< 0.05 higher mean flavor and body/texture scores were observed in both the
control cheese samples and those with 4 ppm added fluoride than those with 40
ppm added fluorides.
The predominan

The influence of heat and cold on the L.monocytogenes in the milk
In order to know the thermal resistance of L.monocytogenesin the
contaminated milk, 40gram of powder milk was dissolved in 400ml
of heated water.The milk solution was sealed in 40 test tubes 10 ml
in each one.these test tubes were divided into 6 groups ,10test tubes
in each the 1st,2nd group &5 test tubes in each the 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th
groups,then all the test tubes were inoculated with
L.monocytogenes &incubation for 24hrs at 37c.the samples of the
1st &2nd group were dipped in awater bath at tempreture 63c for
30minute &72c for 1-5.5 minute respectively .also the samples of
3rd &4th groups were dipped in awater bath at 72

This study was carried out to determine the feasibility of dry poultry manure (DPM) as a feed stuff. Three types of DPM were studied: 1- layer litter manure, 2- caged layer manure, 3- processed caged layer manure. Three hundred fifty one-day old broiler chicks were allocated at random into seven dietary treatments, chicks in T1 (control) were fed on ‘starter and finisher commercial diets. Chicks in T2 and 13 were fed diets supplemented with 5% and 10% layer litter manure, respectively. Chicks in T4 and T5 were fed dies contained 5% and 10% caged layer manure, respectively, while chicks in T6 and T7 were fed diets contain 5% and 10% processed caged layer manure, respectively. Body weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency of the

This research included study the effect of garlic and onion plants
extracts(alcoholic and watery) in vitro in three different concentrations
15%,25%,35% and in vivo in experimental white mice .Research was
performed by three experiments, first one was conducted to study
effectiveness of different concentration of alcoholic and watery garlic
extract on growth of candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in
vitro, showed that the effect of alcoholic extract on the growth of candida
albicans was inhibitory,started from 0.4 mm to 0.1 mm compared with
control plats 4.2 mm ,where as the results of the effect on the growth of
Cryptococcus neoformans showed more clearness and the inhibition
started from 0.6 to in

Isolated tracheal smooth muscle of sheep, which is pharmacologically
precontracted by acetylcholine, induces relaxation when exposed to Cordia
myxa plant extract. The aim of the present study was to typify the mechanism of
Cordia myxa extract induced by relaxation in the sheep trachea. 1. Cordia myxa
extract relaxed both epithelium-intact and denuded sheep trachea rings
contracted by acetylcholine. The scale of relaxation on Cordia myxa extract was
dependent on the treated dose and slightly greatly in epithelium denuded rings
than in epithelium-intact preparations. 2. L-NAME (10 nM-100 uM) but not DNAME
completely inhibited the relaxation in a concentration dependent
manner. 3. The Cordia myxa extract -induced

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported,

The study was conducted in 4 districts regions in Wasit province during May – August 2010 to investigate the percentage of sheep and goat infestation ; out of 366 animals , 69 (18.85 %) were infested with total general tick mean 2.15 ; infested sheep were more prevalent 79.71% than goats 20.28% ; Highest no. of infestation were found in August 49.27% and June 24.63% . Two species of ticks , Rhipicephalus turanicus 94% on both sheep and goats , while Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum only on sheep 6% were recorded. According to species of animal, sheep in azizia shows highest infestation in august (34.78%) followed by Suwara in june (14.49%) ; and for goat in azizia shows the highest infestation in may (7.24%) . There is significant differ

This study was carried out during May-October 2010 to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and children in rural areas around Mosul, north of Iraq. A total of 78 faecal samples were taken from calves which were no more than one year old. Information about age, consistency of faeces (as diarrheic or normal) and contact with human were recorded. At the same time, 95 stool samples were taken from children aged one month to 12 years old suffering from diarrhea and living in the same farms where the samples of calves have been collected. All samples were stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast stain and Auramine O techniques to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results revealed that the prevalence of

   Arabian horses are regarded as the most famous breed for speed for long distances due to their genetic superiority. The aims of the study were to focus on the effect of different running speeds on the muscular tissues (Myoglobin, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase), lactate dehydrogenase and synovial fluid (creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase). Non-trained eight local Iraqi Arabian horses were run on soil track for a distance (1) Km, walking, trot, canter, and gallop. Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected before and after running. The biochemical parameters of serum showed gradual increase according to each type of speed. All of them were significant at P≤0.01. The biochemical p

This study was carried out to identify the morphological, histological and histochemical features of the vagina of the adult guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). To perform such project, 14 adult guinea pigs at their diestrous period were bought from the local breeders directly. Animals were euthanized, dissected and subsequently specimens from the cranial, middle and caudal portions of the vagina were collected and fixed. Fixation was implemented by using 10% neutral buffered formalin and Bouin’s solution. Post routine processing such as dehydration, clearing, embedding and blocks preparation, tissue sections of 6 μm were prepared and stained by using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s Trichrome, Alcian blue and Peri