Receipt date:2/17/2021 acceptance date:3/16/2021 Publishing date:12/31/2021

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Objective: This paper investigates the contradictions in the decision-making process of the United States, which historically proven to be successful policies in the short term, but in the long term proven to be wanting and failure. Methodology: The paper uses descriptive, historical, comparative method. A

It could be said that the essence of the “quota” is the state’s intervene as external power in bringing positive change for the benefit of the disadvantaged women and cultural minorities, and from the perspective that compensatory justice requires dealing differently with the different parties culturally and economically for the benefit of those deprived of them. Practicing of quotas merely, does not mean the full achievement of equality between cultural and sexual components in general, but it’s a big leap towards achieving this crucial goal, since the latter necessarily requires a range of legal and non-legal mechanisms aimed at empowering women and expanding their capabilities as a whole. On the other hand, in the absence of a

برزت التغيرات المناخية كإحدى القضايا العالمية التي تتطلب تعاملا خاصا يتماشى مع حجم التهديدات التي تشكلها على مسار التنمية، هذا ما استدعى عرضها بشكل رسمي خلال مؤتمر المناخ العالمي الأول المنعقد في عام 1979 بمشاركة كل من المنظمة العالمية للأرصاد الجوية، برنامج الأمم المتحدة للبيئَة، منظمة الصحة العالمية، منظمة الأغذية والزراعة، يشكل تغير المناخ تهديداً شديداً للبشرية أجيال الحاضر والمستقبل، وقد أكد اتفاق ب

لم تُعطَ قضية التدهور البيئي الاهتمام الكافي إلّا في الربع الأخير من القرن العشرين، إذ حصلت ظواهر سلبية مضرة بحياة الإنسان من فيضانات كافية وهزات أرضية وزلازل وثقوب في طبقة الأوزون التي تحمي الغلاف الجوي من نفاذ الأشعة فوق البنفسجية.

إنّ استعمال الوقود الأحفوري (الفحم الحجري، والنفط، والغاز) لأغراض الصناعة وكوقود للمنازل والسيارات أدى إلى انبعاث غازات ملوثة وأبرزها غاز ثاني أوكسيد الكربون إلى الجو الض

يرجع استعمال الأسلحة الذكية بشكل أولي إلى عدة حروب في القرن التاسع عشر والقرن العشرين، إلا إن الأسلحة الذكية بلغت مستويات عالية من التطور التكنولوجي في القرن الحادي والعشرين ولاسيما بعد الثورة الصناعية الرابعة. اذ أحدثت تلك التطورات نقلة نوعية وثورة في الشؤون العسكرية عن طريق إسهامها في تطور طبيعة الحروب وأهدافها وتطور المفاهيم والنظريات العسكرية، وتغيير في الخيارات الاستراتيجية والتكتيكية التي تدار به

هذا البحث يتحدى الافتراض القائل أن العراق بعد عام 2003 يجب دراسته بمعزل عن ديناميات التي سبقت عام 2003، اذ تبرهن هذه الدراسة على ان الشعبوية هي احدى الديناميات التي تمظهرت بصورة شعبوية استبدادية في النظام الديكتاتوري، نظرًا لأنه كان زعيم حزب علماني وعربي على نطاق واسع، لكنه استخدم الدين والقومية بشكل استراتيجي وانتقائي في ظروف معينة، مما خلق سياق الشعبوية الحديثة. الموجة الثانية هي الشعبوية العرقية والطائفية

السياسة الروسية في الشرق الاوسط الكبير او (فن اقامة علاقات الصداقة مع كل دول العالم)

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is the only one in the Arab system, which has been able to formulate a strategic vision with its dimensions and objectives, and that for its great achievements have contributed significantly to the development of the external and internal economic relations of the Gulf Cooperation Council six through the consolidation of economic policies, projects and joint institutions . There is no doubt that the establishment of the Cooperation Council for the Arab Gulf States six, has made security expensive as long as the aspiration to them the leaders and peoples of the region is the adoption of the GCC countries on itself in order to build a self strength ensures cut off the road to all interference in the affai

The importance of research stems from the prominent role of leaders in the political, administrative, economic and societal spheres in general, which requires highlighting this angle. Research Hypothesis Modern policies work with mechanisms that limit the clear role of governors and transform the ruler into an executive man. It can be assumed that the type of public policy of the state is the only criterion that transfers the ruler from a ruler to an executive.

If the State attaches great importance to its foreign relations and intends to strengthen them in order to ensure the achievement of the highest national goals and interests. External relations between countries are one of the most prominent features of foreign policy, which depends on a combination of internal and external factors, the modern relations between Tunisia and Tunisia, which goes back to the pre-independence of Tunisia, when Iraq was a supporter of Tunisia's independence from France in the 1940s, Although these relations did not cause any disturbance by the two countries, but they remained weak relations did not develop in all areas except the sports and cultural field, which we will determine the reasons and the pos

The security environment for Northeast Asia is extremely important, as it includes most of the international actors (United States of America, China, Russian Federation and Japan), which gives the nature of the interactions of these forces a special importance for the region.

Because of the multiplicity of policies and interests of the active forces in the region, the result has been an unstable regional environment where the interests of the major powers often clash repeatedly on many related issues, which is coupled with the growing efforts of many powers to adopt policies that differ from what they did in the past This resulted in different patterns of relations, which were mainly characterized by competition over regional lea

عرض كتاب على خط النار مذكرات الرئيس الباكستاني

العلاقات السياسية الدولية واستراتيجية ادارة الازمات

تطور القدرات العسكرية الايرانية

السياسة العامة واداء النظام السياسي

سياسات الاتحاد الاوروبي والولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه ازمة الشرق الاوسط بعد الحادي عشر من ايلول

The development of Japanese society passed through long historical stages and as a result of the bitter experience of Japan in the Second World War and its exhaustion, it was able to build a modern modern state after 1945. Japan is a country of culture, civilization, science and technology, a country that appreciates the value of solidarity work. And the role of active civil society. This is what makes us in Iraq stand and draw their experience in the advancement and development, especially that they also passed bitter political stages, Iraq today passes through the most historical periods of forestry through its historical heritage in terms of the existence of complex social problems, the US occupation of Iraq in 2003 highlighte

Receipt date: 8/8/2020 acceptance date: 9/11/2020 Publication date: 31/12/2021

 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

           The American-Iranian relations have been characterized by tensions since the arrival of the guardian jurist regime in Iran to leadership in 1979, as it was considered a turning point not only in the cont

The Frankfurt School most prominent school of philosophical and social cash Contemporary directed cash centrally according to the cons of social and intellectual known to communities of European contemporary criticism of radical and profound concepts and values that founded this community (k rationality, liberty, scientific and technical progress), as was most of the thinkers seeking to one common goal is to work to change the reality to become more humane and find a picture of the mind that are commensurate with the human mind .as Although extinguished spark most of the patrons adults, but the ideas of philosophical and social cash continue to be under live and this is evidence of the vitality and strength of the impact and effe

سياسة التعليم لتعزيز الهوية الوطنية في العراق

The US invasion of Iraq in 2003 unleashed the repressed national aspirations of the Kurdish people. After the colonial powers, especially Britain, failed to establish a homeland of scattered Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Iran, Iraq's Kurds managed to establish a semi-independent state in the north of the country Which lasted decades against the central authority in Baghdad in protest against what they call the forced integration of Kurds in the Iraqi state, and to obtain more rights and privileges as partners in this country. The federal region in the Kurdistan region of Iraq has become a reality, and it is eager not to strengthen its authority in return for the authority of the central government, but to annex other areas inhabited b

Abstract As the United Nations approaches its 70th anniversary, the world is going through the most severe accumulation of serious international security failures in recent memory, challenging the UN Security Council’s ability to address them effectively. Over the past four years, crises in Libya, Syria and Ukraine have precipitated a worrisome erosion of great power relations that has complicated Security Council decision making on a number of trouble spots. Its inability to devise consensus responses to the escalating civil war in Syria has been particularly troubling, resulting in the regional spill over into Iraq and the emergence of Islamic State as a new threat to peace in the region and beyond. Meanwhile, the UN’s often under

دور المراكز البحثية في الحياة السياسية وصنع القرار السياسي الخارجي الامريكي

Iraq enjoys many factors and ingredients that made it “affect and be affected at the same time” by the American-Iranian conflict from the “strategic geographical position” adjacent to Iran as an important point and that Iraq has been part of this conflict since the last period which witnessed the outbreak of the first Gulf War  (1980-1988)  because of border problems and a dispute over Shatt al-Arab, and what followed after that, specifically from 2003 when the United States of America and its allies occupied Iraq’s lands and made a political change by the destruction of its security and military institutions. It increased the importance of Iraq in being a subject of competition between the competing parties in exploiting the

     After the year 2003, Iraq went through multiple waves of violence and at different levels on the security, intellectual, political and social levels. Behind that stood several motives and incentives to enable violence that represented the first axis of research, the most important of which was the political motives that circulated an atmosphere that politics against society and transformed power into a field of political brutality against the individual and the group at once. There are also cultural, intellectual, media and economic motives such as weak cultural independence, poverty, marginalization, unemployment and want, and the absence of a media discourse that rejects violence but incites it, on the other ha

تحليل الشراكات التجارية للعراق 2003-2013

Israel is one of the countries most interested in Iran's nuclear program file, and the progress of negotiations between Iran and the six countries and will end it, as well as the nature of the relationship between Iran and the United States of America. Is determined by the Israeli vision of the nature of Iran's nuclear program Iran's policy toward Israel orientations, which does not recognize the existence of Israel. Israel, therefore, one of the countries pushing to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear technology. However, those Israeli efforts did not succeed in achieving its objectives, the United States of America and European countries is well aware of the risk of stenosis on Iran, as well as the risks and the consequences of militar

الشباب في مواجهة الارهاب (الدوافع والحلول)

دور وزارة الخارجية الامريكية في عملية صنع القرار