This study was aimed to investigate an air-flow distributer of a solar dryer. This study was contained two factors: First, the air outlet throttle (three angles, 30°, 60°, and 90°). Second, the design of the air inlet with three levels (new design (I2), without (I1), and half-opening air inlet gate of the new design (I3)). The results show significant effects on these parameters, where the highest efficiency (51.7%) was obtained at (I1) and (30°) angles. While the temperature changes between the inlet and outlet had a significant effect on the pressure difference, the pressure difference increased, reaching (1.65 Pa). Also, the drying rate was affected by the temperature and the amount of air entering the dryer. The highest d

Factorial experiment within randomized complete block design using three replication for field comparison performance slatted and general-purpose moldboard plow. Using least significant design (LSD) 1 % and 5 % was used to compare the mean of treatments. Three factors were used, the first one was depths of tillage 15 and 25 cm, the second was speed of tractor 4.146 and 7.224 km/hr, and the third factor was types of moldboard, slatted and general-purpose moldboard. Slatted moldboard recorded the least slippage of 9.697 %, the fuel consumption of 23.580 L/ha and higher effective field capacity of 0.4239 ha/hr, and field efficiency of 72.543 %. Depth of tillage 15 cm got the least slippage of 6.364 %, fuel consumption of 20.182 L/ha

This study was conducted on the in coating of beef burger using electrospun iron oxide nanofibers at two concentrations6, 8 % , to improve the chemical and physical properties of the beef burger during a 3-month frozen storage period. The results of the study showed that the addition of electrospun nanofibers contributed to reducing the total bacterial count, as well as the count of psychrophilic bacteria and coliform bacteria, to 4.88* 10³, 4.62* 10³, and 3.15* 10¹, 3.64 *10¹, respectively, and 2.15* 10³, 2.49* 10³ colony-forming units (CFU/g) respectively, during the final storage period. The moisture, protein, fat, and ash percentages in the frozen beef burger w

This study was aimed to establish an efficient micropropagation protocol for three popular kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivars (V36, HF992 and KB6) using different types of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). The shoot tip, cotyledon and hypocotyl isolated from 2 weeks old seedlings were used as explants. MS medium fortified with different types and concentrations of cytokinins and auxin were evaluated for establishment callus formation, shoot multiplication and rooting. Among different PGR’s used, 5.0 mg/l 2iP + 0.1 mg/l NAA was the best concentration for direct shoot regeneration from cotyledon with shooting percentage of 55% in HF992 cultivar.

A field experiment was carried out during two spring seasons in 2019 and 2020. This study was aimed to increase dry matter weight and crop growth rate of maize. First factor in main plots was nutrition vegetative parts with ascorbic and citric (100 mg l^-1) for both of them and humic (1 ml l^-1), in addition to the control treatment (spraying of vegetative parts with distilled water only). Second factor in sub-plots was seeds soaking with same acids above, as well as the control treatment (soaking the seeds with distilled water only). Randomize complete block design in split plot arrangement was used with three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of seeds soaking in humi

This study was aimed to purification the biosurfactant that produced from Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from clinical samples of iraqi healthy women by column chromatography through silica gel column (3.5 × 30 cm) using solvent system (chloroform : methanol, 2:1) and characterization the purified product by Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) mass then evaluated its antibacterial and anti-adhesive activity. The results shown the higher emulsification activity (E24%= 63) and lower the surface tension to 23 mN/m in synthetic MSM, while the natural media gave (E24% =71) and lower surface tension to 19 mN/m. The using TLC technique indicated pres

 Four aphid species belonging to the Tribe Fordini (Homoptera, Aphididae,  Eriosomatinae) induce galls on Pistacia trees in North Iraq (Kurdistan) were recorded in this study. Molecular phylogeny of Iraq Fordini species was constructed for These species (Forda riccobonii, Paracletus  cimiciformis, Baizongia pistaciae and Forda marginata), based on sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI)  gene of these aphid species to detect  the relationship and taxonomy of  Iraqi species for tribe Fordini. Our results confirmed that each of Forda and Paracletus are a sister genus, or monophyletic group by designing in same clade, while B. pistaciae

The agricultural sector consumes about 84% of the total actual water consumption annually in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, therefore, the research depends on questionnaire data that was judged before being used in the study of a random sample of 355 farms from Al-Ahsa Oasis which irrigated with two types of water (groundwater, triple-treated wastewater) to measure the economic impact of the using of triple-treated wastewater in irrigating palm and lemon crops, the results indicated a statistically significant correlation between the extent of farmers'  which using of triple treated wastewater in irrigation and all of: size of the tenure, family size and the educational level of the farmer. While the relationship was negative with

This study was conducted to compare between two methods of soil organic matter determination for main soil orders in Kurdistan region/Iraq, for this purpose forty-five soil samples were taken then the organic matter was determined using chemical (Walkley-Black (wet) method and loss-on-ignition method (dry) combustion method. The results indicated the significant correlation (r = 0.88**) between the studied methods It means there is good adjustment to convert organic matter by loss-on-ignition method (dry) to Walkley-Black (wet) method organic matter by this linear equation (organic matter by loss-on-ignition =1.651* Walkley-Black method organic matter +2.1877) this equation can be used to convert organic matter by two methods for

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma₄ and Cham₆) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb₃) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency

This work was designed to evaluate the influence of mercury chloride on some of biochemical and immunological biomarkers in common cap, Cyprinus carpio. Around of 120 fish were randomly allocated into four groups (30 fish per group) in triplicates as follows; first group act as control group provided with water only without adding HgCl₂;  G1, G2 and G3 were exposed to waterborne  HgCl₂ at levels of  0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg l^-1 respectively. After one month exposure to HgCl_2, there were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in lymphocyte transformation index and in phagocytic and lysozyme activities. Besides, biochemically, Albumin and globulin conten

Lambs’ performance and some carcass traits in relation to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were studied in twelve lambs from each of Awassi and Karadi slaughtered at three different weights raised at the animal farm, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok.  Each group of lambs slaughtered at 30 kg, 40 kg, and 50kg was kept in an individual separate pen and fed concentrate ration at libitum. Weight gain and feed intake were recorded till the slaughter and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment and one day before slaughter from the vena jugular for the IGF-1 analysis by using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Statistical analysis

A factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates, including three seeding rates (200,250, and300seeds.m^-2), and three grain size grades of Admiral variety of triticale whole (ungraded), thousand seed weight (TSW) 47.32g, heavy seeds 54.04g and light seeds 40.18g; for two successive growing seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The results revealed that spike length resembled number of spikelets per spike, grain density and number of grain per spike as seeding rate 200 with whole seeds attained highest value. Great differences between the two seasons were obvious, which was attributed to shortage in rainfall in the second season(407.1mm and 165.4

This study was aimed to director wheat production's technical efficiency grown under two irrigation systems(fixed and pivot sprinkler irrigation systems)using random border analysis.Samples were collected randomly from267farmers from Salah Al-Din Governorate/Iraq.The samples were divided into two groups;187farmers used a pivot sprinkler irrigation system with three categories of possession(80,60and120dunums),while the other group used a fixed sprinkler irrigation system with four categories of possession(40,30,20and10dunums).Transcendent production function was used to study the effect of production factors on wheat yield. The results indicated that the mechanization work and the amount of added irrigation water increased by 1% w

This study was conducted to compare the semen immediate and microscopic characteristics of the three lines of Holstein bulls. Twenty-one Holstein bulls were divided into three groups belonging to the three lines of Holstein bulls; born in Iraq (Australian origin; n = 8), resulting from embryo transfer technology (New Zealand origin; n = 7), as well as the first generation (F1) resulted from two parents obtained from embryo transfer technology in Iraq (New Zealand origin; n = 6). The ET and L groups showed greater (P≤0.01) ejaculate volume, live sperms percentage, and plasma membrane integrity percentage compared to the F1 group of bulls. Moreover, ET bulls exhibited higher (P≤0.01) sperm concentration than L

This study was aimed to improve the rheological and qualitative properties of the most common bread, wheat bread, by barley pentosanes, which is not optimally utilized although it's many benefits and its huge production. Therefore, water-soluble pentosanes (WSP) and water-insoluble pentosanes (WIP) were extracted from barley  (Hordeum vulgare) and added to wheat flour at different percentages. Five treatments were prepared: (T1) from flour only, (T2 and T3) adding WSP at levels(1 and 2%), (T4 and T5) adding WIP at the same levels respectively. The results showed significant improvement in rheological and qualitative properties of the dough and bread made from this dough with increasing the level of addition. The wat

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli and their relation to plasmid profiling patterns in a sample of patients in Iraqi hospitals. The total number of E. coli isolates 91 (49%) were collected out of 185 clinical samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test for isolates showed high resistance percentage to Nitrofurantion 95.7%, amoxicillin and Ceftriaxone to each of which 91.3% and to Ceftazidime 90.2%, while the highest sensitivity was observed against Imipenem 100%, Meropenem 99% then to Amikacin 93.5%. The

This study was aimed to produce bacteriocin  from Bacillus. licheniformis  isolated from local soil of corn and sunflower  fields and using  as  antimicrobial agent . Fourteen  of  local  isolates  of Bacillus sp. were obtained and  ability of these  isolates  for growth on Brain heart infusion agar (BHI) at 55⁰C were tested. Isolate C4   was revealed  high  growth density in comparison with other isolates.  Isolate C4 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis according to  morphological, cultural and biochemical tests, Moreover genetic analysis  for 16S rRNA gene an

Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the

This case-control study was conducted to evaluate the influence of interleukin (IL) - 17A and -17F gene polymorphisms on the risk of asthma. In the present study blood samples were collected from 45 asthma patients and 50 healthy controls. Serum levels of cytokines interleukin-17A and interlukin-17F (IL-17A and IL17F, respectively) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured using ELISA kit in both subjects. Serum levels of IL-17A and IgE were shown a higher significant differences (p< 0.05) while no significance difference ( p>0.05 )of IL-17F was shown in serum levels in comparison with controls .  The frequency of the

Anise (Pimpinella anisum) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant, its widely used as spices, flavoring agent and fragrance. Anise seeds and its essential oils (EOs) has been used widely in the recipes of folk medicine in the Arab region, including Iraq. Therefore, the goal of this work was to extract and define the chemical compositions of aniseeds EOs, and study its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potentials. Aniseed EOs were extracted by hydro-distillation technique using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-five distinct compounds have been recognized by Gas chromatographic–Mass spectral (GC-Mas) analysis, the major constituents were anisole (87

A total of seventy adult common frogs [sixty infected (85.71%) and ten healthy (14.29%) specimens], were collected from different areas of Baghdad city in more than one locations such as (agriculture lands, river banks, home gardens, ponds, streams and shoel water) from the beginning of September 2016 to the end of  March 2017 and examined for parasites, in the aim to study and isolate any parasitic infection from intestine, blood and  effect of these parasites on blood, intestine and liver in common frogs. Thus resulting in Opalina sp. 17(28.33%), Nematodes (Strongloides stercoralis) 14(23.33%), Balantidium sp. 14(23.33%), (Opalina Sp. & Nematodes) 7(11.66%) and Hepatozoon

This study was aimed to investigate effect of soaking Polianthes tuberosa L. bulbs in Atonic solution and inoculation with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Glomus mosseae, and fertilizing with two levels (3% and 4%) of water hyacinths  Compost on some vegetative and floral growth characters of the Peral variety of tuberose plants in a Factorial experiment during spring season of 2022 using a randomized completely block design with three replicates. Tuberose bulbs were planted in black plastic bags containing 6 kg of a sandy loam soil. The results of the three-way interaction showed that the treatment of soaking with Atonic, inoculation with the combination of the biofertilizer, and fertilization wi

This study was aimed to investigate yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under six different environmental conditions E₁- E₆ including two sowing date S₁ and S₂ at three location (Qlyasan, Kanipanka, Chamchamal) in KIR using 10 barley cultivars (C), Numar, Rafidain, Al-warka, Al-Amal, IPPA 265, IPPA 99, Arivat (local), Samir, Qalay 1, and Ukraine (Common cultivated). Experiment was applied using to complete randomized blocks design. The stability analysis was done using the linear regression model. The differences between the means were compared through Duncan multiple range test. The results was re

This study aimed to investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance and product emission of four cylinder 4- stroke water cooled  direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled by permanent magnet exposed diesel fuel compared with diesel fuel (DF). Three levels of magnet field intensity were used including  Diesel fuel exposer to 3000 Gauss (DG3), Diesel fuel exposer to 5000 Gauss (DG5) and Diesel fuel exposer to 9000 Gauss (DG9)  fuel respectively. Permanent magnetic device was employed and installed on fuel line before interring high pressure fuel injection pump . The engine run at constant speed 1500rpm(revolution per minute) and loaded by two levels 4.5 kW and 9 kW represented as L1and L2 respectively. Re

This study was conducted using two different varieties of milk thistle, var. marianum, and var. albiflorum. The plant samples were collected from the Sulaimani region to determine silymarin content, bioactive constituents, and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that var. marianum contains a high amount of silymarin (365.680±3.815 mg/g). Silybin B, Silychristin A, and Silybin A were the major flavonolignans in these varieties—the var. marianum contains silybins B, silychristin A, and silybin A (174.880±6.495, 86.720±2.113, and 54.960±2.483 mg/g) respectively. The hexane extract analysis of milk thistle seeds of the marianum and albiflorum varieties identified 26 (

This study was aimed to identify the basic principles and design considerations (cultural and natural) that can be relied upon in the urban landscape design for vertical residential complexes in Baghdad city. The descriptive and analytical approach was followed to collect and extract the data for urban green spaces of Al-Salhia residential complex within Baghdad city that based on six tools for data collection and analysis which were: field survey, climatic factors analysis, urban fabric analysis, personal interviews, cultural factors analysis, and questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of the people and specialists from Al-Salhia complex residents. After collecting the forms, the data was gathered by

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant public health problem because it is capable of forming biofilms that may be responsible for the survival of this pathogen in the hospital environment. The aim of this study is to determine the role of (OmpA, CsuE) genes in biofilm production among A. baumannii isolates. A total of 100 clinical isolates of bacteria were collected from a different sources.  All isolates were identified by biochemical test, specific selective media (CHROMagar) and polymerase chain reaction by detection presence of (blaOXA51) gene. only 60 isolates were diagnosed as A. baumannii, and to determine the biofilm production capacit

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of three factors, the first was biofertilization with four types (without addition, combination of A.brasilense + A. chroococcum combination of G.mosseae + T. harzianum, and combination of the two previous combinations), The second factor four types of organic fertilizer(without adding,vermicompost ,Orgevit, a combination of the two previous organic fertilizers),and the third factor mineral fertilizer with two levels (0% and 50%) of the fertilizer recommendation in addition to the full fertilizer recommendation treatment (second comparison).RCBD was used with three replications. The results showed that the triple interaction of the biofertilization

A Factorial experiment of CRD was conducted, to study and evaluate the effectiveness of Calcite, Bentonite, and Kaolinite minerals, as well as organic matter, on adsorption and desorption of Pb and Cd. Bentonite and kaolinite clay minerals were treated by adding of 20 % calcite and 5 % organic matter of the weight of the mineral, so that the final weight became 100 g per treatment. Treatments were incubated for 180 days after that, and treated with five concentrations of Pb and Cd, (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg ml^-1) as PbCl₂ and CdSo₄ respectively, The results showed the superiority of bentonite mineral over kao