This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentration of Mentha spicata on liver tissues. Fourteen mature male albino mice were used in this study and divided into two groups. Control group received 1 ml normal saline daily for 7days through oro- gastric tube. The remained animals received 1ml of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata daily for 7 days through oro-gastric tube. At the end of experiment, all animals were dissected. Liver Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were examined macroscopically. The results showed that coagulative degeneration, degeneration of hepatocy

The objective of this study was to investigate effect of wheat germ extraction on the   fermented milk products, which prepared using single and two types of mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, ready premixed and 1: 1 mixture with inoculation of 5% in reconstituted skimmed milk 12% TS Which reinforced with different concentrations of wheat germ extracts 0, 5, 10 and 15% for treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4)  respectively. The results showed that the height of the viscosity of all the products increased by the percentage of added wheat germ extract. The best treatment (10%) of T3, which was 52, 65, 57 and 64

This research was aimed to detect the seasonal phenomenon of the monthly sales of potato crop in Baghdad for the period (January 2010 - December 2015), using the krusskle - Wallis method. The research also aimed to determine the shape of the time series of the monthly sales of the potato crop whether to follow additive or multiplicative model. The problem of the research is presence of the seasonal phenomenon in the monthly sales of the potato crop, which will be reflected in one way or another on the short-term planning process. According to the results obtained, the monthly sales of the potato crop were predicted at 60 observations for the period January 2016 - December 2020, where the results were consistent with those in the

The objective of this study to investigate  meat production by steers of different genotypes. In order to study the productivity of Simmental and black and white Simmental x Holstein cross bred, steers, six groups of bull-calves with 15 animals each, were formed. The first group consisted of Simmental steers, the second group (3/8) blooded, the third group (1/2) blooded, the fourth group (5/8) blooded, the fifth group (3/4) blooded  and the sixth group (7/8)  blooded Holstein steers respectively. Under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance purebred Simmental animals grow more intensively. At 18-months of age they exceed (3/8) Holstein blooded bull calves by 6.2 kg, half blooded by 16.5 kg, (5/8) blooded by

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the antioxidant actitivity of the plant  Capparis spinosa leaves were collected during (April- Sept,2017) from Baghdad. Water and alcohol extracts were prepared from them and more methods were used to estimate the antioxidant efficacy, the iron binding method, The hydrolysis of hydroxide peroxide and the effect of free radical inhibiting. The water extract of alkaline leaves for April and May samples was characterized by the correlation of iron ion (97.8 and 98.1%) respectively, as well as the alcoholic extract of the April,June,July (89.47, 95.5 and 96.9%) respectively at  same concentration of 10 mg / ml, these samples were superior to EDTA-Na and citric acid w

Observations on the biology of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus)were made under  room temperature conditions (26 ± 2°C; 35 ± 10% Relative Humidity) feeding stages were fed on wheat leaves and shelled Sunflower seeds. Light and dark morphs were observed for second, third, fourth and fifth instars; short fine hairs on dorsal head, thorax and abdominal of fourth and fifth instars observed; fifth instars have black and white banded antennae. The mean periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition were 7.8, 33 and 2.5 days, respectively; the averages of female and male longevity were 43.3 and 36

This research was conducted during the growing season 2015 - 2016 to investigate the response of 2 year's old transplants of “Othmani” pear cultivar budded on Calleryana root stock to foliar application with licorice root extract at four levels 0 (Li₀), 2.5 g.L^-1 (Li_2.5), 5 g.L^-1  (Li₅) and 10 g.L^-1 (Li₁₀) and garlic extract at four levels, 0 (GA₀), 5ml.L^-1 (GA₅), 10ml.L^-1 (GA₁₀) and 20ml.L^-1 (GA₂₀) and their interaction in leaves mineral and hormonal c

A field experiments were carried out at Abu- Graib Research Station- Agricultural Research Office- Ministry of Agriculture during 2014- 2015 season to investigate the performance of 225 pure lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which at sixth generation after crossing among local and exotic genotypes (during 2008 to 2014) with their parents. The experiment was conducted using Simple Lattice Design with three replications. The results were revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits. The genotypes 39 and 192 had higher number of days to 50% flowering (140 days), the longest period of physiological maturity 159 days of genotype 49. The highest means of flag leaf area (80.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the administration of oleobiotic to the drinking water of Japanese quails. Three different concentrations ofoleobiotic (0, 30 or 50 ml/1000L) were administrated in the drinking water and provided to the birds for 5 weeks. Throughout the five weeks experimental period, there was no significant effect of oelobiotic on the performance parameters including (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and FCR) of Japanese quail. The liver was heavier and there was a tendency of spleen to be heavier by rising levels of oleobiotic. Among the measured biochemical parameters of serum, the concentration of albumin increased in the birds that received the medi

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using functional feed additives on egg production, hatchability and hematological traits of Japanese quails under hot weather condition. A total of 288 a day old of Japanese quail were allocated to six treatments with three replicates containing T0: control, T1: Optifeed® 500g/ton feed, T2: Oleobiotec®100g/ton feed, T3: Force®6 100g/ton, T4: VêO® premium 250 g/ton feed and T5: mixing of (Optifeed® 250g + Oleobiotec® 50g+ Force®6 (50 g)+VêO® premium 125 g

The current investigation was conducted at 2014-2015 to determine the influence of levels and periods of addition of organic matter on Zinc availability in Iraqi calcareous soil. Experiments were conducted as a field experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety was used as a test crop. The entire field was equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions was cultivated to wheat and the second was left uncropped. Effect of five levels of organic matter as a peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ton ha^-1 were determined. Soils were analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected after 3, 30, 60, 90,

Gypsiferous soils in Iraq are suffering from low fertility due to low levels of organic matter and limited availability of nutrients especially phosphorus (P). Therefore, two experiments were conducted to study the impact of combination of low cost phosphate rock (PR) and organic materials (OM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and P status. The first experiment was an incubation experiment which was conducted to determine level of organic carbon (OC) required for the second experiment, this experiment was consisted of two factors the first was level of OC (as sheep manure) applied at nine levels viz: 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and 0.60% of soil weight, the second factor was level of PR (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg P kg

This work was conducted to assess the impact of soil salinization and sodification on natural vegetation and land deterioration in Wadi Al-Shatti, Southern Libya. Fallow soils were very strongly saline with mean EC_e of 111.2 and 68.78 dS m^-1 in crust and surface layers respectively. The cultivated soils were moderately, strongly and very strongly saline with mean EC_e of 14.52 dS m^-1. Sodium was the dominant cations, followed by calcium and magnesium. Chloride was the dominant anion. Very low concentrations of bicarbonate and absence of carbonate was recorded. Sodium chloride was prevalent salt in all samples, followed by calcium sulphate in some and mag

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production , but development of tolerant  genotypes  is hampered by the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of research study was to evaluate the efficiency of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant genotypes under drought  stress  conditions.  Twenty seven bread wheat genotypes differing in yield performance were grown under drought  stress, and normal irrigation  during  2014-2015 growing season, were evaluated in split plot design with three replications Significant and high positive correlation was found between grain yield in the st

This study was aimed to testing 25 genotypes (5 parents + 10 diallel + 10 reciprocal crosses) using full Diallel mating design in winter season 2021-2022 for F₂ generation of common wheat, in two locations. The first was in Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences; University of Sulaimani located (Lat 35° 34′; N, Long 45° 21′; E, 765 MASL), the second was in Koya Agricultural Station-Ministry of Agricultural (Lat 36° 04′; N, Long 44° 37′; E, 582 MASL). The results of the study confirmed that the mean squares of genotypes was highly significant for all characters in both locations, the same for the mean squares for gca with the exception of grain weight plant^-1

The study was aimed to determine heterosis, GCA, SCA and some genetic parameters in maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds for half diallel crosses among eight inbred lines Planted in spring season 2021 during fall season 2021, the eight parents and 28 hybrids were sowing (10/7/2021) using Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications at the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effects in all studied traits except number of ears per plant.  The (Un44052) line was superior in number of rows per ear and grain yield per plant, while the cross (Zp-505 x Un44052) was superior in number ear per plant

This research was aimed to purified beta-glucosidase from apricot seeds using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography, then ion exchange chromatography.  Ion exchange chromatography resulted in the enzyme sample with a specific activity of 41.3 U/mg with a purification fold of 15 and a yield of 30.3%.  The apricot beta-glucosidase had an optimum pH of 4 with good stability between pH 3 and 6.  The optimum temperature was 60°C and there was good stability between 5 and 40°C.  Faba beans treated at pH 5.5 containing beta-glucosidase showed higher total vicine removal than with only water at pH 5.5 after 4 h.  Additionally

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at the Grdarasha Research Station of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College-Salahaddin University-Erbil. The experiment was designed as factorial within randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three target seeding rates of Triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack, variety Admiral (200,250,and300seeds.m^-2), while the second factor was three grain size grades whole, thousand kernels weight (TKW) 47.32 g, heavy seeds, TKW 54.04 and light seeds TKW 40.18 g. The results revealed to

The research aims to identify the financial feasibility of cultivating the wheat crop under modern irrigation systems in desert areas and to clarify the impact of the capacity of the systems in those projects in achieving the financial feasibility of their establishment, using the economic evaluation criteria for the projects. The research included a study of 60 projects in Anbar Governorate for the 2020-2021 production season. It has been shown that projects that use several systems, despite their high investment costs, can recover the money invested in them within a relatively short period. The projects that use modern irrigation systems covering 60 donums were among the best projects that achieved technical efficiency in the p

The current study was aimed assessing the effects of cultivars, sowing date and locations on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) quality parameters grain protein concentration (GP), Gluten Index GI, falling number (FN), Water absorption capacity (WAC %), Pasting temperature (PT), and loaf volume (LV) of five bread wheat cultivars viz. Alla, Hassad, Charmo, Maaroof, and Adana as control, two sowing dates (Nov 15^th, Dec 15^th) at each location under rainfed environment. Grain samples were obtained from previous field experiments were conducted at two locations of Sulaimani Governate in Iraq-Kurdistan-region, Qlyasan and Halabja, during growing seasons 2018-2019.

In this study, a highly levansucrase-producing strain was isolated, identified as Bacillus lichniformans MJ8, and registered with the accession number OM672244.1 in the NCBI database. The SacB gene responsible for levansucrase production was transferred from this bacterium into Escherichia coli. It was found that the gene contains 1449 bp nucleotides, encoding 482 amino acids. The gene has been given the accession number ON811641.1 in the NCBI gene bank. The transformation was achieved by a cloning the SacB gene to plasmid pTG19-T, which was transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α. The Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), with pet-28a (+) vector, was used to express the gene. One mM IPT

This research was performed during the 2021 seasons in private orchard located in Bara-Bhar-Duhok governorate to study the effect of soil application of chemical and Nano-NPK, foliar spray with chelated Nano-Zinc and their interaction on vegetative growth of Taifi and Kamali grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). NPK (20:20:20) was added to the soil at five levels (0, 216 g.vine^-1, 324 g.vine^-1 chemical NPK, 3.24 and 6.48 g.vine^-1 Nano-NP (, chelated Nano-Zinc was added at three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg.l^-1). The results showed the superiority of the Taifi cultivar in traits of number of leaves per vine,

This study was aimed to identify the basic principles and design considerations (cultural and natural) that can be relied upon in the urban landscape design for vertical residential complexes in Baghdad city. The descriptive and analytical approach was followed to collect and extract the data for urban green spaces of Al-Salhia residential complex within Baghdad city that based on six tools for data collection and analysis which were: field survey, climatic factors analysis, urban fabric analysis, personal interviews, cultural factors analysis, and questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of the people and specialists from Al-Salhia complex residents. After collecting the forms, the data was gathered by

This study aimed to investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance and product emission of four cylinder 4- stroke water cooled  direct injection (DI) diesel engine fueled by permanent magnet exposed diesel fuel compared with diesel fuel (DF). Three levels of magnet field intensity were used including  Diesel fuel exposer to 3000 Gauss (DG3), Diesel fuel exposer to 5000 Gauss (DG5) and Diesel fuel exposer to 9000 Gauss (DG9)  fuel respectively. Permanent magnetic device was employed and installed on fuel line before interring high pressure fuel injection pump . The engine run at constant speed 1500rpm(revolution per minute) and loaded by two levels 4.5 kW and 9 kW represented as L1and L2 respectively. Re

This experiment was conducted to assemble and test a cooling system operating with a thermoelectric cooling system (TEC) used to preserve crops and agricultural products from April 14 to June 24, 2021 AD. The study included a test of adding Heat Sink to the cold side of the thermoelectric cooling plates (TEC) with two levels (without heat sink (A1) and with heat sink (A2)) inside the system. 6 cooling models (TEC) were used with 6 heat sinks distributed in the form of two groups, and each group includes three cooling model (TEC). The following characteristics were measured (internal temperature (Tin), temperature difference (∆T), relative humidity (RH), time required to cool (t), cooling capacity (Qc) and Coefficient of Perform

Phytoremediation is the ability of some plants to bio accumulate, decompose, or transformation of pollutants in soils, water, or air. In the current study, an effort is made to study the effectiveness of free-floating plants to treat simulated industrial wastewater polluted with Lead and Cadmium ions using Azolla Pinnata plant in a lab condition. Free water surface flow constructed wetland were fed with simulated Cd and Pb ions in different concentrations (5, 10 and 20) mgl^-1. Different operating conditions were studied such as; pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, temperature, and sodium adsorption ratio to find out the possibility of using treated wastewater for irrigation.

This study was aimed to assess the water quality of different water resources (Surface water, subsurface in water, and groundwater) across the Balak river basin. Twenty two different water resource samples were collected and subjecting to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. Balak river basin, situated in Erbil governorate, Iraq, it is located 10 km to the east from Bekhal Waterfall. Five attributers combine with Balak River within the basin areas which are: Rezanok Sub River, Balakiyan Sub River, Basan Sub River, Roste Sub River, and Alana Sub River. The hydro chemical study of all water resources during the investigated period revealed that the spring waters are relatively higher in electrical conductivity value compared t

This study was aimed to determine the composition of essential oil contained in Viola odorata flowers and leaves. As well as assessing the cytotoxic effects of this oil on cancer cells and its antioxidant properties. A GC-Mass analysis was conducted to reveal essential oil components in flowers and leaves. For testing the antioxidant capacity of flowers and leaves oil, DPPH (1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), resazurin dye, and hydroxyl were used. An in vitro study was conducted using lung cancer (A549) and breast normal (MCF-10) cell lines with concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 µl/ml of V. odorata L. essential oil.   According to the results, essential oils de

Both chitin and deacylated form of chitosan are considered the second most biopolymer available in nature after cellulose. Chitin and chitosan have an economic value related to their industrial, biological and biomedical applications. In this study, chitin was extracted from of Iraqi carp fish scales (Cyprinus carpio L.) and then deacylated into the chitosan. The obtained samples have been distinguished through Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA).  The FTIR analysis for chitin showed the characteristic spectra at 1541 cm^-1 and 1647 cm^-1 associated to N-H bending vibration and C=O stretching vibration respectively. Thus, the FTIR spectra of chito

Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant public health problem because it is capable of forming biofilms that may be responsible for the survival of this pathogen in the hospital environment. The aim of this study is to determine the role of (OmpA, CsuE) genes in biofilm production among A. baumannii isolates. A total of 100 clinical isolates of bacteria were collected from a different sources.  All isolates were identified by biochemical test, specific selective media (CHROMagar) and polymerase chain reaction by detection presence of (blaOXA51) gene. only 60 isolates were diagnosed as A. baumannii, and to determine the biofilm production capacit