The study aimed to reveal the effect of some sustainable treatments under prolonged irrigation intervals on potato plant growth, yield, and starch properties .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irr

This study was conducted to estimate the contamination with some heavy metals (lead, iron, copper, tin, and cadmium) in samples of canned processed meat available in the local markets. A sample were collected from three regions at Baghdad (Al-jamaa district S1, Al-Amel district S2 ,Al-Bayaa S3) with five samples, which included canned beef sausage, canned beef luncheon meat, and canned beef minced meat, which represented (45) samples as a total number. the atomic absorption spectrometer was used to estimate the contamination . The study results showed the presence of chemical contamination with heavy elements in concentrations higher than the permissible concentrations In most of the samples under study It has ex

This study was conducted in the field of the Poultry Research Station of the animal resources Department / office of Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture from the period 4^th April to16^th May2021.This study was aimed to investigate the effect of using avocado and chia oil and their mixture in broiler diets on the final productive performance and meat cholesterol concentration and measuring meat oxidation indicators after storing it for 60 days. 300 one-day-old (Ross308) chicks were fed on diets that used avocado oil and chia with percentages of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6%, respectively, and their mixture consisting of 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 each of avocado and chia oil (50% avocado + 50% chia oil). The experimen

In this endeavor, three types of non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma (NTDBDP) systems are designed and built locally in custom configurations and investigate the properties of the produced plasma. The difference between these systems is the shape and configuration of the discharge electrode, which plays an essential role in defining the nature of the generated plasma. The first type is two circular plane copper discs, the second is two concentric circular rings of copper, and the third is two concentric cylindrical tubes. Quartz was used as a plate or tube as dielectric material. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) method was used to analyze the p

This study was aimed to examine the antibacterial activity of the T. aphylla leaves ethanolic extract in vitro against the locally strain heterogeneous vancomycin intermediated Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) at different concentrations starting from 0.03 to 200 mg/ml. T.aphylla leaves were extracted by ethanol 96% in the Soxhlet extraction unit. Using both gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the results indicated that the composition of  T. aphylla extract was oil and include a variety of chemicals, including 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (20.06%), followed by Phytol, acetate (18.93%) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (12.14%), were in leaves. The concentr

Phytoremediation is the ability of some plants to bio accumulate, decompose, or transformation of pollutants in soils, water, or air. In the current study, an effort is made to study the effectiveness of free-floating plants to treat simulated industrial wastewater polluted with Lead and Cadmium ions using Azolla Pinnata plant in a lab condition. Free water surface flow constructed wetland were fed with simulated Cd and Pb ions in different concentrations (5, 10 and 20) mgl^-1. Different operating conditions were studied such as; pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, temperature, and sodium adsorption ratio to find out the possibility of using treated wastewater for irrigation.

This study was aimed to assess the water quality of different water resources (Surface water, subsurface in water, and groundwater) across the Balak river basin. Twenty two different water resource samples were collected and subjecting to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. Balak river basin, situated in Erbil governorate, Iraq, it is located 10 km to the east from Bekhal Waterfall. Five attributers combine with Balak River within the basin areas which are: Rezanok Sub River, Balakiyan Sub River, Basan Sub River, Roste Sub River, and Alana Sub River. The hydro chemical study of all water resources during the investigated period revealed that the spring waters are relatively higher in electrical conductivity value compared t

The study was aimed to determine heterosis, GCA, SCA and some genetic parameters in maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds for half diallel crosses among eight inbred lines Planted in spring season 2021 during fall season 2021, the eight parents and 28 hybrids were sowing (10/7/2021) using Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications at the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effects in all studied traits except number of ears per plant.  The (Un44052) line was superior in number of rows per ear and grain yield per plant, while the cross (Zp-505 x Un44052) was superior in number ear per plant

This research was aimed to purified beta-glucosidase from apricot seeds using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by gel filtration chromatography, then ion exchange chromatography.  Ion exchange chromatography resulted in the enzyme sample with a specific activity of 41.3 U/mg with a purification fold of 15 and a yield of 30.3%.  The apricot beta-glucosidase had an optimum pH of 4 with good stability between pH 3 and 6.  The optimum temperature was 60°C and there was good stability between 5 and 40°C.  Faba beans treated at pH 5.5 containing beta-glucosidase showed higher total vicine removal than with only water at pH 5.5 after 4 h.  Additionally

Two field factorial experiments were carried out at (Grda-rasha and Grdmala) fields in Erbil Governorate - Kurdistan Region-Iraq during the growing season of 2019-2020. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Nano and mineral fertilizers on quality and some medical properties of two flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars with a randomized complete block design using 3 replicates. The first factor included seven fertilization treatments (control, Kcl, Urea, Agriculture Sulfur, Triple Super Phosphate, Super Nano-fertilizer, and Nano-NPK), the second factor was Libra and Brazowe flax cultivars. The fertilizer treatments significantly affected natural product properties. The highest value of mucilage (30.70

This study was aimed to investigate effect of spraying chelated Calcium and chelated Iron on the vegetative and floral growth characteristics of the Gazania plant , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad in the  autumn season 2019-2020 and spring season 2020-2021 . The study was carried out as a factorial experiment in R.C.B.D. Design with three replications. Two factors were included in this study: foliar sprays of chelated Calcium at concentrations of 1, 2, 4 g L^-1 (Ca₁-Ca₂-Ca₃), respectively, in addition to control treatment, and chelated Iron in concentrations of 1and 2 g L^-1 (Fe₁-Fe₂) respectively, in addition to co

Determining sample size to estimate the mean value of a target (infinite) population is of prime importance to have correct results and conclusions. In general, sample sizes differ as the studied objects differ. Another factor affect sample size is number of replicates or groups. Small objects, such as seeds, grains, and bacterial cell sizes require in general larger sample sizes as compared to large objects, such as human patients, large animals, and large trees. In this short article, a mixture of 12 crosses, maize kernels (k) were mixed to have 12,000 kernels. Sample sizes of 50,100, 150, 200, 250, and 300k were taken to find out which sample size fits the mean of target population (12,000 k). Sample size of at least 100 k and

The purpose of this research is assessing the significance of biological and physical seeds invigoration of different aged carrot seeds orders and study their field performance. An implementation of field experiment at station (A) College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2021-2022. The experimental design arranged using split plot within RCBD. As carrot seeds order considered main plots (primary P, secondary S, tertiary T) and seeds invigoration treatments sub plots (untreated seeds C0, biological B, Physical G, B+G) with three replicates (3X4X3). The interaction treatment PBG (biological+physical treated primary see

This study was aimed to determine some genetic parameters of summer squash (cucurbita pepo L.), half diallel cross among  eight inbred lines carried out in summer season 2021 at field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of  Duhok. The experiment lay out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that the mean square for all genotypes was highly significant effect in all studied traits. The inbred lines LBL2 and CNS2881 was superior in yield plant^-1 obtained 9.67 kg and 10.94 kg, the crosses (CNS2881 x PEP1670) and (PEP1670 x N33133) recorded the highest value 13.83 and 13.53 respectively. The crosses (PEP512 x, CNS2881), (CNS2881 x PEP

This study was aimed to analyze the annual rainfall and study the changes in the borders of rainfed regions in Iraq. Monthly rainfall data for 39 meteorological stations affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation /Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology have been used. These data represent a Long-term Climate Records from January 1980 to December 2020 have been used to calculate the mean annual rainfall in Iraq over the 41 years. The resultes showed significant spatial and temporal variability in the annual mean rainfall, with higher values in the northern areas of Iraq and lower values in the southern regions. It was examined the succession of the rainfed line at 250mm. The results indicated that there have be

The current study was aimed assessing the effects of cultivars, sowing date and locations on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) quality parameters grain protein concentration (GP), Gluten Index GI, falling number (FN), Water absorption capacity (WAC %), Pasting temperature (PT), and loaf volume (LV) of five bread wheat cultivars viz. Alla, Hassad, Charmo, Maaroof, and Adana as control, two sowing dates (Nov 15^th, Dec 15^th) at each location under rainfed environment. Grain samples were obtained from previous field experiments were conducted at two locations of Sulaimani Governate in Iraq-Kurdistan-region, Qlyasan and Halabja, during growing seasons 2018-2019.

In this study, a highly levansucrase-producing strain was isolated, identified as Bacillus lichniformans MJ8, and registered with the accession number OM672244.1 in the NCBI database. The SacB gene responsible for levansucrase production was transferred from this bacterium into Escherichia coli. It was found that the gene contains 1449 bp nucleotides, encoding 482 amino acids. The gene has been given the accession number ON811641.1 in the NCBI gene bank. The transformation was achieved by a cloning the SacB gene to plasmid pTG19-T, which was transferred to Escherichia coli DH5α. The Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), with pet-28a (+) vector, was used to express the gene. One mM IPT

The aim of this research is to add various quantities of organic selenium with or without α-tocopherol to support growth and reduce oxidative stress. A total of 168 fingerlings of common carp Cyprinus carpio with an average weight of 31±2 g/fish were distributed in 24 glass aquariums. Fish were fed on eight different experimental diets, including a control, and a diet that contains 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/kg of organic selenium (2nd, 3rd and 4th diets) respectively. The fifth, sixth and seventh diets contained the same amounts of organic selenium with 300 mg/kg of α-tocopherol, but only α-tocopherol was added to the eighth diets. The results of a statistical analysis found that the use o

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of kaolin on hematological and biochemical profiles of common carp, Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, A total of 180 of common carp were collected 40 g ; 60 fish were used to determine the median lethal dose LD₅₀ of A. hydrophila, )LD₅₀ was 1.57 × 10⁶ CFU/ml) for 15 days.  120 fish were randomly distributed into six treatment groups (10 fish/treatment in duplicate) as follows:  C- served as control negative group (without infection and treatment); C+ act as control positive group (infected with A. hydrophila but not treatment with Kaolin); T1, T2, T3 and T

This study aimed to identify the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet on growth performance and histopathological changes of the kidney and muscle tissues in Cyprinus carpio . A total of 300 fish with an average of weight 45±5 g, were randomly distributed into 15 plastic tanks, and were divided into five experimental groups; (group 1) served as control , fish fed  normal diet without solvent and AFB1, (group 2) positive control fish were fed with only solvent, and (groups 3-5) fish were fed diets containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg AFB1/kg of feed, respectively. Results showed the negative effect for AFB1 on weight gain, average daily gain of fish. Histopathological changes of kidney and muscles

The veterinary antibacterial Marbofloxacin (Marbo) is used in food-producing animals, including dairy cows, so the residues of this drug will be excreted through milk. This study was aimed to investigate  a risk of developmental and  neurobehavioral toxicity effects in newborn consumers exposed to the residues of this drug. To achieve this goal, suckling pups of  rats were selected as a model. Four groups of female lactating rats (5 dams for each group – 8 pups per dams) were divided into (A,B,C,D) treated with Marbo (0 (control) , 3, 6 ,9 mg/kg, i.m.) given once daily for 10 consecutive days (fi

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of blending two types of alcohol with pure diesel fuel. A 4-cylinder 4- stroke water cooled direct injection (DI) diesel engine was used. An electric dynamometer was connected to the engine to make load by electric heaters; the load on the engine was fixed at full load. The engine was run with two speed levels : 1300 rpm and 1600 rpm.  Three types of fuel were used, including blended n- butanol (B) and Acetone(A) mixed with diesel by two levels named by AB15D85 and AB30D70, respectively, and compared with pure diesel fuel (D), which was the baseline.  Gas emission was measured by using gas analyzer type AirRex - HG540. Results obtained from the experiment were statistically an

A field experiment was carried out at the field of Agricultural Research and Experiments Station during the season 2021-2022 in order to study the  synergestic  effect and compatible between  Bacillus mucilaginosus and  Pseudomonas fluorescens when they added as combination on  potassium availability in the soil and on some plant growth characteristics and yield of Cucurbita pepo L. The experiment included four treatments B0, control , B1 addition of Bacillus mucilaginosus inoculum, B2 addition Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculum and B1 B2 addition of acombination of B1 and B2 inoculum .  The experiment was conducted by using randomised  complete blocks

This study was aimed to reveal the variation land surface temperature "LST" with some characteristics of desert soils in the Samawa desert at Al-Muthanna province, and to adopt solutions and treatments by identifying factors and indicators that have a direct impact to desertification, by  using geographic information systems mapping for spatial distribution  Some physical and chemical properties  were selected. . the result showed that there was a statistical relationship between LST and the physical characteristics, as it was revealed that the comparison of sand and silt content with the land surface temperature "LST" . There is a significant relationship with the determination coefficient of R²=0.6. Th

The objective of this study is to improve the nutritional value of Culban Vicia peregrina using four different methods: soaking in water for 12 hours, cooking for 40 minutes, roasting for 15 minutes, and germination for 7 days to reduce the effects of anti-nutritional. For 56 days, soybean meal was utilized to replace the grains treated by the abovementioned procedures by 40% ( T3, T5  T7 and T9) and 20% (T4, T6 and T8) in the diets for common carp Cyprinus carpio L., as well as a control diet comprising 30% of soybean meal (T1). The results of the statistical analysis showed the superiority of the fed fish the T7 significantly (P≤ 0.05) in the criteria of TLW,TG and DWG. The fed fish outperformed the T4,

This study was aimed to investigate yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under six different environmental conditions E₁- E₆ including two sowing date S₁ and S₂ at three location (Qlyasan, Kanipanka, Chamchamal) in KIR using 10 barley cultivars (C), Numar, Rafidain, Al-warka, Al-Amal, IPPA 265, IPPA 99, Arivat (local), Samir, Qalay 1, and Ukraine (Common cultivated). Experiment was applied using to complete randomized blocks design. The stability analysis was done using the linear regression model. The differences between the means were compared through Duncan multiple range test. The results was re

A field experiment was conducted during two seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 at the Grdarasha Research Station of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences College-Salahaddin University-Erbil. The experiment was designed as factorial within randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replicates. The first factor included three target seeding rates of Triticale (×Triticosecale wittmack, variety Admiral (200,250,and300seeds.m^-2), while the second factor was three grain size grades whole, thousand kernels weight (TKW) 47.32 g, heavy seeds, TKW 54.04 and light seeds TKW 40.18 g. The results revealed to

The research aims to identify the financial feasibility of cultivating the wheat crop under modern irrigation systems in desert areas and to clarify the impact of the capacity of the systems in those projects in achieving the financial feasibility of their establishment, using the economic evaluation criteria for the projects. The research included a study of 60 projects in Anbar Governorate for the 2020-2021 production season. It has been shown that projects that use several systems, despite their high investment costs, can recover the money invested in them within a relatively short period. The projects that use modern irrigation systems covering 60 donums were among the best projects that achieved technical efficiency in the p

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of three factors, the first was biofertilization with four types (without addition, combination of A.brasilense + A. chroococcum combination of G.mosseae + T. harzianum, and combination of the two previous combinations), The second factor four types of organic fertilizer(without adding,vermicompost ,Orgevit, a combination of the two previous organic fertilizers),and the third factor mineral fertilizer with two levels (0% and 50%) of the fertilizer recommendation in addition to the full fertilizer recommendation treatment (second comparison).RCBD was used with three replications. The results showed that the triple interaction of the biofertilization

A Factorial experiment of CRD was conducted, to study and evaluate the effectiveness of Calcite, Bentonite, and Kaolinite minerals, as well as organic matter, on adsorption and desorption of Pb and Cd. Bentonite and kaolinite clay minerals were treated by adding of 20 % calcite and 5 % organic matter of the weight of the mineral, so that the final weight became 100 g per treatment. Treatments were incubated for 180 days after that, and treated with five concentrations of Pb and Cd, (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg ml^-1) as PbCl₂ and CdSo₄ respectively, The results showed the superiority of bentonite mineral over kao