This study was conducted at two locations, Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station and Kanipanka Nursery Station, during the 2023–2024 winter season to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer and stubble height on forage yield attributes of grass pea genotypes. A split-split plot design was used with three factors: fertilizer application (F0= no fertilizer, F1= organic fertilizer), genotypes (G1: Local, G2: IGC-2011-62, G3: IGC-2011-35, G4: IGC-2011-9), and stubble height (SH1= 5cm, SH2 = 10cm). Fertilizer application significantly increased DFY in Kanipanka. Genotype significantly influenced most forage yield attributes, with G1 showing the highest values. Stubble height significantly affected GFY and DFY, particularly in

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of some hydrocolloids in improving the physical and sensory properties of gluten-free bread manufactured from millet flour. Whole grain millet flour (T2), whole grain millet flour with xanthan gum (T3), whole grain millet flour with guar gum (T4), unprocessed millet flour with extraction rate of (71%) with xanthan gum (T5), unprocessed millet flour with extraction rate of (71%) with guar gum (T6) ,were used  to prepare gluten free bread beside another treatment manufactured by the same ingredients with replacing the sugar by glycerol (T7).The wheat flour was used as standard (T1).  The results of the chemical composition showed that whole-grain Proso millet flour had hig

This study was aimed to identification of certain crosses to produce hybrids with higher performance per se can be aided by the determination of simple sequence repeats (SSR), which can improve our understanding of the genetic divergence of maize lines and their classification into different heterotic groups. Variability for each locus was measured using the polymorphism information content (PIC), with an average of 0.55, suggesting that the markers were highly informative. Analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated higher divergence among the maize lines, suggesting the existence of different groups. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis (UPGMA) and th

This research aims to determine the effects and limitations of using B. purpurea in complete feed on the performance of male Kacang goats. The study involved sixteen male Kacang goats aged 10-12 months with a weight range of 12-14 kg. The research method employed a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications, consisting of T0: G. sepium 30% + Natural grass 38% + Rice bran 7% + Milled corn 24,8% + Mineral mix 0,2% (control); T1: G. sepium 30% + Natural grass 38% + Rice bran 6,5% + Milled corn 22,8% + Mineral mix 0,2% + B.

This study was carried out to identify the effect of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) region on some productive and physiological traits of Iraqi chickens. One hundred five and ten-week-old laying hens were used and bred in individual sages from sexual maturity to 100 days of production. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein for DNA extraction and serum isolation, and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to determine the target region of the QTL. Two groups were obtained: the first had a PCR product with band 294 bp denoted (P) and the second had no PCR product denoted (NP). The P group had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on egg weight at the second stage of the study amounted 48.23 gm. and a significan

Since phosphorus (P) is lower in agricultural areas with acid sandy soil, it runs out in different parts of crop plants after harvesting. To boost growth and development in the next cropping system, only overuse of inorganic phosphate fertilizers can adversely affect agricultural sustainability. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi like Candida tropicalis play a role in plant P nutrition through soil P dynamics and growth hormones. Three PSF isolates (Sw01, Pu02, and Pu04) from bulk soil of fresh corn were tested for optimal media and incubation times. The results showed that Sw01 produced the highest population of 593.33×10⁸CFU L⁻¹ when cultured<

This study aimed to estimate variability and some genetic parameters for yield and yield components in pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes under different phosphorous levels. A field experiment was carried out at the field of Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Duhok University, on the 1^st of November 2021. the experiment unites layout according to split-plot arrangement, the main plots include phosphorus levels (0, 18, 36, and 54 kg ha^-1 P₂O₅ and the subplot represented the thirteen genotypes within RCBD. The results exhibited that phosphorus levels were highly significant for all traits except biological yield, also the genotyp

This research was aimed to study the effect of soil application of Bio health and foliar application with Tecamin max and Benzyl adenine on leaves minerals content of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) seedlings during two successive seasons (2020 and 2021) using Randomized Complete Design with four replications. Bio health was added with three concentrations (0, 6 and 12 g.L^-1) to the soil and foliar application of Tecamin max with three concentration (0, 5 and 10 ml.L^-1) and Benzyl adenine with three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg. L^-1) on the sweet orange seedlings which were brought from private nursery in Duhok city and have two- years old and almos

A hydroponic experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2019-2020 in order to improve the quality traits of broccoli grown hydroponically under the modified Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), using an internationally approved standard solution and alternative solution, the plant was enriched with ozone and the foliar application of organic nutrients. The Hydroponic study included two experiments with the standard solution (Cooper's solution) and the alternative solution (ABEER). Both experiments were implemented within the Nested Design with three replications, and both included the gas type in the main plot, which were oxygen and ozone, while the s

This study was aimed to effect of spraying nano chitosan loaded with NPK and nettle leaf extracts and green tea on yield and its quality of potato for the spring and autumn seasons of 2021 in Al-Suwaira district of Wasit Governorate, It was conducted as a factorial experiment (5 × 5) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor included spraying with four concentrations of Nano chitosan loaded with NPK fertilizer at concentrations 0, 10. 15 and 20% in addition to chemical fertilization treatment, the second factor was spraying nettle leaf extract 25 and 35 gL^-1 and green tea extract at 2 and 4 g.L^-1, in addition to the control treatment, spraying with dist

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on biochemical and immunological in common carp Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (75±10g) were randomly stocked into five treated groups in duplicate as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet.Results indicated that The highest albumin content was found in T1 which showed a significant increase (P≤0.5) compared to C+

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is a type of contagious bacteria have respiratory clinical signs; nasal mucinous discharge, sneezing, coughing, dullness, and in some cases with diarrhea and the necropsy findings represent lesions of pneumonia in different stages; pulmonary edema and hyperemia, consolidation, hemorrhage and hepatization.  that causes atypical pneumonia and pleuropneumonia in small ruminants, it is belongs to a group of bacteria named Mollicutes which characterized by its minute genome size and perpetually devoid of the cell wall. The aim of studies indicates the bacterial, molecular, immunopathological and immunohistochemical investigation in sheep with two experimental routs of infection in two p

This study aimed to assess the role of kaolin in reducing the adverse effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosain common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Specifically, the histopathological alterations in kidney, spleen and liver were investigated.   Firstly, P. aeruginosa was isolated from infected fish. A total of 100 fish (40.8 ± 2 g)were divided into five groups in duplicate (10 fish in each replicate) as:control healthy (C-) group uninfected and without kaolin treatment; (C+): fish were infected with P. aeruginosa and without kaolin treatment. Group T1,   T2 and T3 fish were infected experimentally with P. aeruginosa (LD₅₀₌ 2±0.2×10⁹ CFU ml^-1),

The study objects were to assess  Enterococcus faecalis  prevalence in milk from mastitis infected cows, and access their antibiotic resistance as well as investigate their resistance genes. A total of 300 samples were tested during the period from February to May in 2022. The results of initial examination showed that only 81 isolates as E. species according to phenotypic criteria. Confirmatory test was conducted, the results showed that only 25 isolates by 8.3% E.faecalis isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated high levels of contamination with multi-drug resistant E.faecalis

This study aimed to investigate a new evaporation technique of essential oils; EOs (oregano, Lemongrass and bergamot essential oils) are in product called Fumite^®Aroma. The study included 3 immunological parameters namely immunoglobulin A (IgA), interferon gamma (INF-γ), and newcastle disease (ND) antibody titer (Ab) as well as to compare between aerosol and ocular routes for ND vaccine. The study was designed as follow : {G1: is positive control given EOs(6g) only; G2: given Eos (6g) with ND vaccine by aerosol route; G3: given EOs (6g) with ND vaccine by ocular route; G4: given ND vaccine by aerosol route only; G5: given ND vaccine by ocular route only; G6: is negative control with no evaporation or vaccination}. Le

Barley is the second cereal crop grown after wheat in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Low rainfall and high-temperature impact barley yields. A study investigating an F₃ population of 100 segregated lines derived from a cross between Clipper, an Australian cultivar known for its high yield, and Local black, a cultivar recognized for its stress tolerance. The segregated F₃ lines were assessed under two different environmental conditions at the Grdarash research station in Erbil and the Qlyasan research station in Sulaimani. The field trial data for the F₃ population experienced analysis of variance and normality tests. Direct selection of high-yielding genotypes is challenging due to the complexity o

The present study was carried out at the Animal Farm College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad during the period from 20/4/2015 to1/6/2015. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of olive leaves (grinded) supplementation to diet on milk yield, composition and some blood biochemical  parameters.Ten local lactating goats and its mean initial live body weight41.38± 0.46 kg, and 2-3.5 years old were allocated according to their body weight and milk yield  into two groups (5does/group). The first one (G1) was control, the second (G2) fed on diet with

Field experiment was carried out during spring seasons of 2015 in AL-Rasheed township southern of Baghdad, Iraq to study the effects of irrigation methods on water content distribution, water use efficiency and yield of corn. Four surface irrigation treatments were used: 100% conventional basin (control), 70% of control treatment basin irrigation,  Conventional furrow and shallow furrow. Water content distribution results showed that shallow furrow irrigation decreased moisture content to 14.7, 18.3 % for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth respectively, compared to conventional basin irrigation. The result showed that treatments of conventional furrow, shallow furrow and 70% basin irrigation reduced the depth of added water in rate of

 The objective of this study was to carry out an on-farm experiment in sheep owner farms in Kanaan district for the period from 7^th Feb. 2015 to 27^th Mar. 2015 and to identify the unconventional methods in controlling the reproduction in sheep and increase their productivity using 45 local Awassi ewes, randomly selected from three sheep owners (15 ewes / owner). Treatment group (10 ewes/ owner) were treated with a vaginal sponges containing 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) inserted for 10 days, followed by I.M. injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), while 5 ewes / owner were regarded as control group without any treatment. Estrus was observed for all ewes for 5 days post withdrawal of

This study was conducted to show the relationship between some soil properties and land productivity from wheat and barely crops. The study area located in Al-Muwafaqia – Waset Govornorate / central of Iraq. General soil data were collected from previous soil survey work done in 1992 ,and new soil samples from the same profile location were collected to determine some soil properties . The actual land productivity from Wheat and Barely crops were collected from the same selected sites . The results indicate some variations in land productivity for the selected  crops and wheat productivity was higher than barely productions. Wheat productivity was ranged from 2000  to 2350  kg.ha^-1 with mean of 2118.75

A field trial was carried out at the Rice Research Station in Mushkhab ( Najaf/ south of Iraq)State Broad for Agricultural Researches, during the Summer of 2013 in Clay Loam soil. The experiment was laid in split plot with two replications, to test the drought tolerance of different local and foreign varieties of rice .Rice varieties used were 6 varieties of aerobic rice   from the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) and local cultivars Anber33 and Jasmine. Two methods of irrigation ,flood irrigation, and 6 irrigation levels at "-10,-33,-50,-100 KPa" were used in this investigation .Studied parameters were: plant height ,spike length, flag leaf area, % of infertility , weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. Resu

 The Koya Directorate of Irrigation (KDI) has a plan to develop the agriculture and launch new agricultural projects in Chinarok area in particular for forestry and orchards plantation. This development requires quantifying the amount of irrigation water and evapotranspiration for the vegetated area. In this paper, these requirements were investigated and evaluated. Chinarok is a rural area located in Kurdistan region north of Iraq. The (KDI) classified the area into three major vegetation types; turfgrass, orchards and forests. Based on the metrological records and plants physical properties, an evapotranspiration (ET) has

This study was conducted on the Land coverings of the city of Baquba and its outskirts in Diyala province, central Iraq, between latitudes 44º 42ʹ 31.78ʺ ــ  44º33ʹ 14.99ʺ  and 33º41ʹ 46.66ʺ ــ  33º 48ʹ 23.18ʺ an area of 180,835 km². In order to classify the earth covers, it was relied on the field survey to determine the grounding points. Also used two satellite data from Landsat 8, the first one on 23/3/2014, the second on 21/3/2019, and the production of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Differences Built- up the Index (NDBI) maps. Th

 Technique of tissue culture for Chia (Salvia hispanica) micropropagation was achieved, this study investigated the impact of various concentrations of plant growth regulators on shoot multiplication and root induction with the Chia’s mature seed as a source explant. The highest percentage of shoot formation (80%), shoots number per explant(3.20) and shoot length(3.26 cm), were recorded on MS medium enriched with BAP(1.0 mgl^-1) after eight weeks of seed culture. The optimal medium for the rhizogenesis was achieved on half strength MS medium fortified with 1.0 mgl^-1 IBA after

Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biopolymer produced from fronds of date palm (type teperzal) which were taken from the Iraqi groves. The steps used to produce (CA); pretreatment, bleaching, acetylation and hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment method was used to remove high lignin content under mild and severe conditions using NaOH as a catalyst at the concentration (0.03) M. The conditions of Organosolv pretreatment were used: temperature (125 °C mild, 160 °C severe), pretreatment time 90 min, and ethanol: water ratio 40:60 wt/wt. The acetylation of cellulose with acetic acid was used to produce cellulose tri-(CTA) and di-(CDA) acetate for two ways: with treated and untreated fronds. The conditions of acetylation reaction were used:

A factorial experiment was conducted within split-split plot design with three replicates. Four genotypes seeds (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2, and Q21) were planted in the sub plots while six water treatments distributed in the main plots. They were ordinary river irrigation (S0), stress at emergence (S1), branching (S2), at ear formation (S3), at flowering (S4), and at maturity (S5). Irrigation water was applied in the normal irrigation when 50-60% of the available water was depleted and one irrigation was omitted from the water stress treatments. Reference and actual evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, yield, crop coefficient, and water use efficiency were calculated. Mean irrigation requirement fo

This study was recorded a new genus and species of Iraq, Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker during the field trips in the Western Desert District, specifically in Al- Walaj valley, which cutting the Iraq- Jordan highway (75 km. West of Rutba) in winter and spring seasons of the year 2019. The species was identified depending on Flora of neighboring and nearby countries with a comprehensive morphological description as well as some drawing and photos for vegetative and floral (reproductive) parts with a distribution map of the species. Some plant samples of the species collected in the Iraqi national herbarium were deposited in numbers 60038,60039, and 60040, in addition to Anbar University herbarium in numb

This research aimed to determine the level of training knowledge needed for barley growers to manage their crop at Al-shihimiya Township –Alswira Town -Wasit Governorate.The training knowledge needed aimed to cover all crop management axes which included land preparation, date of seeding fertilizer and pesticides application, irrigation and harvest, to recognize the most important problems faced by barley growers during growing period. To archive that goal a randomized sample was taken 5% from the growers' population 2126 (i.e. the sample size was 106 growers). The statistical analysis covered 100 growers and data collected through questionnaires sheet .This sheet included two parts: 1st one aimed to test the training knowledge

The current paper aims at building  Proposed Organizational Structure For Agricultural Initiative  Media in Iraq for observing the opinions of  the employees working in the Agricultural initiative  and those working in  the media and agricultural sector on three levels as to measure suitability of  Proposed informational  Organizational Structure . In order to carry out goals of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared andincluded fifth scale consisting of 115 items distributed on 6 space and 22 axils. The research has been carried out on cluster random sample with 50% of all offirst. Iraqi governorates of southern, middl

This study was conducted in experimental fields, Department of Horticulture, University of Bagdad, in Abu-Graib  during season 2011-2012 for jerusalum artichoke. This study was included the effect of dipping tubers in three concentrations of GA₃(2.5,5,10g/l) (G1,G2,G3),as well as to control treatment (G0), and spraying nutrient solution Agro leaf A1 (8g/l), as well as to control treatment (A0). This study was made by using Factorial experiment (4*2) within the design RCBD with three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: G3A0 increased field emergence (12.00 day), G2A0 increased percentage of germination (99.33%) and G2A1 increased number of branches (4.60 stem.plant^-1) but the treatment G1