This study was aimed to detect the prevalence of blaVIM and blaNDM genes among Enterobacter cloacae isolates that were isolated from Iraqi patients. About 50 bacterial isolates were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city and all these isolates were diagnosed using biochemical tests and CHROMagar culture media and conformed using the Vitek II system. The antibiotic susceptibility for E.cloacae isolates  was determined using the disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) method and the results showed that  these bacteria were showed  resistance to Cefepime and Meropenem antibiotics in percentage (50%), (40%) respectively. In addition it is resistant to Amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, Piperaci

This study was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - research station B during the fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of Ozone enrichment and the foliar application of organic nutrient  on nutrient and water use efficiency and fertilizer productivity of broccoli plant using the modified NFT film technology. A factorial experiment (2*5) was carried out within Nested Design with three replicates. The ozone treatment was distributed into the main plots which consisted of oxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃). The foliar application of organic nutrients were distributed randomly within each replicate including five treatments, whic

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of boron and sugar alcohols on the growth, yield and quantity of seeds produced from pepper cv. California wonder, A factorial experiment (3 × 7) was conducted according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the open field of the research station B, Coll. of Agri. Univ. of Baghdad during 20/12/2016 to 1/12/2017. The experiment included two factors, first one was boron which used boric acid (0, 50, 100 mg l ^-1) and the second factor was sugar alcohols (sorbitol) (15, 25, 35 g, l ^-1) and mannitol sugar (10, 20, and 30 g l ^-1

This research was implemented on rice farmers in An-Najaf Alshraf Province. It aims at economic assess of rice brands  Jasmine – Anbar 33 – Anbar Albaraka .on random layer sample with ratio of  5% . The research depend, to achieving its targets, on using Cost-Benefit Analysis CBA and ADOPT  program to assess these brands and identify how far farmers will be familiar to the best brand. Many conclusions have been achieved. The most important ones maybe: the net retuen which is  331  thousands Dinar/ dunums in case of cultivating the brand. This is higher than the net benefit in case of cultivating jasmine brand which is  289   thousand Dinars/ dunums.  The interned rate of return was

The paper were carried on rice farmers in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province. It aimed for studying economical efficiency for a random stratified sample of 5%. 235 forms brand have been collected. The paper depended, to maintain its aims, on using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) upon the production and costs functions of farms of the research sample under discussion. Many conclusions have been achieved The results of estimating the technical efficiency upon production function refer that the jasmine Anbar 33, Anbar Al Baraka, 84.2%, 88.9%, 86.4%. The total economic efficiency of these cultivars were 30, 26 and 10, respectively Depending

In this study the Trichoderma harizanum was to know the possibility of using it as bio fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers, where it was added to planted soil with tomato seeds in the following proportions:  adding the fungus with concentration 1%,2% - adding the fungus with NPK fertilizer as mixture with percentage 1:1,2:2 -adding NPK fertilizer alone with concentration  1%,2% , after three weeks, the results of plantation showed significant increase for all examined characteristics in each  : germination ratio , seedling length ,dry and wet weight  in the case of usage of Trichoderma Hariznum fungus only in different concentrations , the best result was at concentration 2% comparing to contro

Lotus garcinii is a new additional plant species to papilionaceae family in flora of Iraq for the first time found at Al-Imsad Dam region (South of Rutba) of Western Desert District (DWD) from Iraq. The species was collected in spring season of 2017 and 2018, preserved in National Herbarium of Iraq(BAG) with the numbers 59780, 59781 and 59782. The identification of the species was confirmed by using some Flora of the neighboring countries for Iraq, taxonomic treatment was done, and some distinguishing characters are given.

The aim of the current study was to determine whether adding zinc to water will improve lamb performance and behavior during a hot climate. In this experiment, twenty seven lambs were housed indoor in individual pens (1.50 x 1.30m). Zinc was added to the fresh drinking water in three different levels namely T₁ (0 mg Zn/day), T₂ (36 mg Zn/day) and T₃ (72 mg Zn/day). Rumination (m/h), feeding time (m/h), number of visiting feeds (n/h), standing time (m/h), lying time (m/h) and standing bouts (n/h) were recorded three times a day by visual observation. Dry matter intake (kg/d), drinking water intake (litter/day), daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also recorded. Th

The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of M-CuNPs, mint, and CuSO4 in controlling saprolegniasis in common carp. The efficacy of Cu-NP which prepared by using chemical method was examined. 120 fish of weight 80±10g were groups divided into six replications (10 fish/replicate) and the groups were treated as follows: (C-) health without any infection and without treatment, (C+) infected and without treated, (T1 and T2) The fish were infected with the fungus and treated with M-CuNPs at concentrations 20, and 10 mg/l respectivly.T3: fish infected with fungus and treated with copper sulfate at concentration 0.5mg/l. T4: Infected fish were treated at a concentration 100 mg/L of mint. After 14 days of treatment, samples w

This study was aimed to inhibition of purified collagenase produced from S. aureus by local plants inhibitors (fruits and leaves). Sixty two local isolates of S. aureus which were isolated and identified by biochemical test subjected to the primary and secondary screening processes to select the active S. aureus isolate for collagenase production. Among these isolates, forty nine isolates with maximum zone of hydrolysis ability in primary screening (the ratio of Z/G more than 10 mm) were selected for secondary screening. It has been found that S. aureus HN77 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (49.122 U/mg protein). The selected isolate with highest leve

This study was conducted at the open fields of the Agricultural Research Station in Dohuk Governorate during the year 2019 on the tomato crop, a local variety. In this study, the effect of chemical pesticides (Imidamex, Matrixine plus) and biological pesticides (Antario KAB,  Biocure) were tested on the percentage of leaf infection, number of larvae, the percentage of fruit infestation and the rate of productivity of one plant. The results revealed that the lowest percentage of leaf infection and the lowest number of larvae appeared with plants treated with Biocure, with an average of 22.7% and 0.36 larva/leaf, respectively. Whereas, the lowest infection rate for f

Forty nine sputum specimens were collected from patients with aspergillosis attended to four hospitals in Baghdad. The frequent species of Aspergillus identified included Aspergillus fumigatus 23(46.9%), Aspergillus niger 14 (28.6%), followed by Aspergillus flavus 12 (24.5%). According to age group factor, the age group (50-59) years appeared to be more susceptible to infected by aspergillosis with percentage at (24.5%). The results was revealed that no significant differences between male and female with aspergillosis infection. To detect A.fumigatus isolates by molecular methods, the genomic

To evaluate the effect of different hormonal treatments on reproductive performance of local goats, 60 adult does were synchronized by using sponges impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate (MAP) for 14 days. Following sponges withindrawn, the does were allocated randomly to four equal groups. The first group was served as control and intramuscularly injected with normal saline (T1). The does in group 2,3  and 4 were injected intramuscularly with 250 i.u hCG(T2) 400 i.u. eCG(T3) and 20 µg GnRH(T4), respectively. Results revealed that the highest estrus response was recorded in T2 (100%) followed by T4(93.3%), T1 (86.7%) and T3(73.3%). Fertility rate was significantly (p˂0.05) higher in T4 (93.3%) and the lowest was found in

The PRNCR1 gene variant among sample of Prostate Cancer (PCa) Iraqi patients case-control study was used, with PCa patients (n=32) and healthy individual control (n=33). It was successfully identified two SNPs in prostate cancer-associated noncoding RNA-1 (PRNCR-1) gene by using PCR technique and direct sequencing . The first SNP is rs13252298 (A>G) have three genotypes (AA,AG,GG )and the second SNP is rs5013678 (T> C) have three genotypes TT,TC,CC),these genotype frequencies were not in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in patients and controls .It was observed that AG genotype  was more frequent in patients than controls(

The present study was carried out to detect efficacy of essential oils (oregano oil, anise oil, citrus oil and Digestarom® P.E.P) as an antiviral  on Newcastle disease infection in broilers.One hundred twenty, one-day-old broiler chickens (Copp500) were used. On day twenty, the one hundred chickens were divided into six groups.Each group contained 20 birds. All chicks were challenged with  median) virus titer embryo infectious  dose (EID50) 1ml per bird intraocular, intranasal and orally of the isolated very virulent Newcastle disease virus that identified by (HA, HI test, PCR and ICPI) and treated with the essential oils blend level used in drinking water for five days after challenge, G1 oregano

This research was aimed to measure and evaluation the imported inflation in agricultural sector in Iraq. Moreover, studying and analyzing the most important factors affecting it during 1990-2019. This research reached to- via results of unit root test- that all variables were non-stationary at the level, but all of them were stationary at the  difference. The research conclude- through significance of parameters of agricultural trade openness in the model. That the imported inflation can be rising in agricultural sector after the trade liberalization and interring to WTO and increasing of dumping policy in agricultural products, whereas found when measuring the imported inflation the high dependency of agri

This study was aimed to assess the impact of vermicompost, glutathione, and their interaction on beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) growth, yield, and antioxidant traits. The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (3X3X3). Applying vermicompost before cultivation represented the first factor (0, 15, 30 ton.ha^-1), which symbolized (V₀, V₁, V₂). Glutathione (0, 75, 150 mg.L^-1) which symboliz

According to the obtained data in 2019-2020, a plant height of the earliest variety Galiya was 201 cm, mid-season L-7897 and Tandem were 218 cm, late ripening Yarik was 282 cm. The maximum yield was obtained from the hybrid Yarik 77.0 t ha^-1 of green matter and 21.5 t ha^-1 of dry matter. A significant yield of green and dry matter was provided by L-7897 and Tandem. The data of the dry matter analysis show that the combinations Tandem and Yarik exceed the rates of the best standard Silosnoe 88 in terms of crude protein content and have high rates of metabolic energy. The crude fat content was similar to the standard rates. It was also found to be significant in the varieties Tandem and L-7897. The presence of

This study was aimed to detect the spreading of E.histolytica among children with diarrhea, to achieve that,221 stool specimens were collected from diarrheal children of all ages and both gender, in Baghdad city at a period extended from early September 2019 to the end of February 2020. The collected specimens were examined directly by the light microscope for detecting the presence of E.histolytica. DNA was extracted from positive microscopically stool specimens, then<

In this study out of 130 different clinical specimens, 70 Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from hospitalized patients. Then; all the isolates were characterized using biochemical tests and confirmed by using the Vitek II compact system. All isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were subjected to the disc diffusion method to determine it's a susceptibility to 8 types of antibiotic disc, and the result showed these bacteria were resistant to Cefepime, Imipenem, trimethoprim, Piperacillin, tetracycline, Amikacin, ampicillin-sulbactam and levofloxacin. According to bacterial susceptibility test, all isolated were showed highly resistance to Trimethoprim (88.57%) and the lower resistance to tetracycline

This study was aimedto evaluate the influence of carrageenan and pectin on jam color during 10 days of cold storage (+ 4 ºC). Jam samples were prepared with cherry and apricot fruits and 3 concentrations of gelling agents (0.5 %, 1 % and 2 %). Cherry and apricot jam samples prepared without gelling agent were used as control samples. Pectin, κ-carrageenan and ι-carrageenan were used as gelling agents. The jams were stored in the refrigerator for 10 days. The color of jams was monitored by personal camera, with the usage of image analysis software in three intervals (first day, third day and tenth day). The significant (p<0.05) changes of color during 10 days of storage were measured in all prepared jam samples with emphasis

The Drainage of agricultural land has become a top priority in agriculture, at the level of developing countries it is directly related to human life and economic development of the state. The objective of this article is to quantify and estimate morphological evolution in the medium term. the morphological evolution of the canals under the influence of sedimentary transport processes. The study area consists of agricultural land located in the plain of Bouteldja, in the north-east of Algeria. This zone was developed in 2006 as part of a hydro-agricultural project through the creation of networks of open-air drainage channels, but until now submerged with adjacent farmland. The causes may be: i) the lack of cleaning maintenance s

The experiment was carried out at the farm of field of Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study the effect of boron elements and ethephon on some growth characteristics and the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The boron spray with three concentrations (50, 75 and 100) mg B.L^-1 in addition to control treatment (without boron) as a main plots, and the second factor was soaking of wheat seed with concentrations level of ethephon (1500, 2500 and 3500) mg.L^-1 in addition to control treat

A Field experiment was conducted at the experimental field ,Department of field Crop ,College of Agriculture /University of Baghdad during summer season 2014.In order to study the effect of plant spacings on growth yield and lint qualities. The study included two factors, the first was varieties (Coker 310 , Marsum 1, Lashata , Ashur and Abu Ghraib 5 ) as whole plots , The second factor was spacing between plants with three level (20 , 25 and 30) cm as sub plots, Using complete randomized block design under split plots with four replications. The results showed significant differences between varieties in most  studied characteristic. Coker 310 gave highest average for seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield, 1457.00 and 439

This study was aimed to investigate Broiler chickens using PCR-RFLP (IGF1 and IGF2 genes). HinfI and Hsp92II restriction enzymes were used to amplify and digest 793-bp and 1146-bp fragments of the IGF1 gene, respectively. TT, TC, and CC genotypes were found in both genes in two different T and C allele subgroups. IGF1 had a higher prevalence of the C-allele (0.86) than IGF2, whereas IGF2 had a higher prevalence of the T-allele (0.5611).

Cladophora and Spirulina algae biomass have been used for the removal of Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic from aqueous solution. Different operation conditions were varied in batch process, such as initial antibiotic concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH. The result showed that the maximum removal efficiencies by using 1.25 g/100 ml Cladophora and 0.5 g/100 ml Spirulina algae biomass were 95% and 94% respectively. At the optimum experimental condition of temperature 25°C, initial TC concentration 50 mg/l, contact time 2.5hr, agitation speed 200 rpm and pH 6.5. The characteriz

  The  objectives of the research are to determine the optimal allocation of resources available to the general company for food products using a linear programming(LP) technique to obtain high levels of production and high levels of profits by maximizing the value of the objective function and increasing the profitability of the company, and conducting a sensitivity analysis to see the extent of changes in the optimum commodity composition in terms of quality and quantity with the level of profits in a manner commensurate with the requirements of growth in the company , the study based on the  use of (LP)technique to determine the optimum production plan with the highest net income  for the p

The research aims to study the most important factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions Co2, through a model. Explanatory variables were used in the model, which are the average per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the square per capita gross domestic product (GDPSQ), per capita energy consumption (CONS), and the POP population for the period 2000-2017 via using  double logarithmic formula  which is more suitable for economic, statistical and econometric  logic in this type of studies, the results of the research showed that all the explanatory variables were statistically significant at the level of 1% and that the model was significant as a whole according to the statistic F and the value of R²=0.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addition two medical plants or their mixture on hematological, biochemical parameters, hormonal levels and milk microbiology of lactating Awassi ewes. Twenty-eight ewes at mid lactation were divided into four groups and fed rations containing 1% Gall oak, 2% Astragalus, 0.5 Gall oak + 1% Astragalus, and Control. At biweekly intervals, blood samples were withdrawn. A bulk milk samples was collected for microbiological test under sterilized conditions. Results revealed that medicinal plants significantly influenced Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate being lowest in the Astragalus group. Ewes feed Mixture group had significantly hig