A field experiment was carried out at the field with clay loam soil in the winter seasons of 2018 - 2019 and 2019 - 2020 in order to study the effect of three levels of salt stress on yield and its components for four cultivars of barley (Hordeum valgare L.(. which be approved in Iraq.Factorial experiment with in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. The treatments included three levels of irrigation water salinity (5,10,15) ds.m^-1 and four cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 265, Samir, and Amal). The results showed that the salinity of the irrigation water caused a significant decreases of the number of spikes.m^-2, number of grains. spike

This study was aimed to investigat the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic on the egg production, suitable egg, unsuitable egg and uniformity reread at deferent stock density. A total of 600 broiler breeder Ross 308 (540 female and 60 male) was used in this study for a period of 48 -64 weeks at two levels of stocking density (normal and high stock density). For each stock density birds were fed diet either control diet (T1), standard diet + 0.15g probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces cervisiae) powder/ kg diet (

Twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that overall means of daily gain in weight, dressing percentage based on slaughter and empty body weight, rib eye area and fat thickness were 0.261±0.014kg, 45.956±0.428%, 53.933±0.678%, 11.288±0.488cm² and 2.023±0.76mm, respectiv

This study was designed for the molecular diagnosis and assessment of histopathological changes of ORF infection in sheep and goats in Basra governorate in Iraq. The virus was detected by using -polymerase chain reaction. The samples were taken from the skin of the lips of animals infected with contiguous ecthema. Hundred samples taken from the sheep and 100 samples from goats of suspected animals, the results of the molecular diagnosis showed that 76 (76%) of sheep were infected and 71 (71%) of goats were infected by diagnosing the partial of ORFV037 gene (173bp), and ORFV039 (703bp), the sequences were determined and recorded in the NCBI and drawn the phylogenetic tree. The results of histopat

This study was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Research Station B during the autumn season 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of Ozone and the foliar application of coconut water and moringa extract on the growth of broccoli plant grown in modified NFT film technology. A factorial experiment (2*5) was carried out within Nested Design with three replicates. The ozone treatment was distributed into the main plots which consisted of oxygen (O₂) and ozone (O₃). The foliar application of organic nutrients were distributed randomly within each replicate including five treatments, which were the control treatment (T0), Coconut water with two concentratio

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Synbiotic (combination of probiotic and prebiotic) as feed additive on growth performance, survival rate and immune response against Saprolegnia spp. in common carp. A total of 100 C. carpio fingerlings, weighing 49.55–50.50 g were randomly distributed into five treatment groups in duplicate, fishes were fed with different  concentrations as follows:  (T1) 0.5 %, (T2)1.0 % ,(T3) 1.5 %  and  (T4 ) 2% as well as the control group were fed  basal diet without any addition of synbiotic. Results showed significant increase (P&

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of adding different concentrations of yeast on some of rumen fluid traits and some blood characteristics in adult Awassi lambs. The study was conducted in the animal house at the College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Tikrit for the period from 15/7/2017 to 1/10/2017, using 16 Awassi lambs, aged (10 – 12 months), and an average weight of (36 kg)., The animals were divided into four groups, each one included four lambs. The first group was considered as control (T1), without the addition of bread yeast to their foods. The diets in the other groups, (T2), (T3) and (T4) contained the  yeast in the proportions of 3, 5 and 7 gm/ animal / days, respectively.

The present study was conducted to evaluate wound induced in rabbit skin by using alcohols and aqueous extracts of pomegranate seeds. Total flavonoids concentration were estimated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest flavonoids concentration were recorded in ethanol extract. Acute inflammation was induced in laboratory animals (rabbits) by injecting 0.1mL of 2.5% formalin inside the wound incision. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of pomegranate seeds an anti-inflammatory and healing effect compared with the Vaseline

The knowledge of the composition of urban wastewater discharges is an essential parameter to ensure the relevance of the choice and sizing of appropriate treatment systems to guarantee the quality objectives of the receiving environments. The results obtained allowed us to calculate the daily production per capita of physical, hydrocarbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, specific to the study area. The values of the ratios calculated are : 30.02 g/IE/d for SM, 66.64% less than the reference discharge, i.e., 90 g/IE/d; 33.97 g/IE/d for BOD5, 43.38% less than the reference discharge, i.e., 60 g/IE/d

CTLA4 is well known that it is expressed in activated T-lymphocyte, and can be distinguished in cancer phenomena as well as many chronic diseases. This study was designed aiming to find a correlation between CTLA-4 and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This research was  carried  out at Baghdad  Teaching  Hospital, Medical  City, Baghdad, Iraq. In this study, 245 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and 188 healthy volunteers' individuals (control group) were selected randomly. The diagnosis of the RA to both patients group and healthy individuals were characterized according to a certain protocols. The sequence of four (JO31, CT60, +49,

 In the present study,out of 120 samples were collected from different clinical sites from patients who admitted to different hospitals in Baghdad city,only 65 samples were detected as A. baumannii.The antibiotics susceptibility test showed that the bacteria were resistant to piperacillin (92.31%), cefotaxime (87.69%),trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole(73.85%).While Meropenem (70.77%)and gentamycin(67.69 %).The resistance rate to imipenem and tetracycline were 58.46% and 43.08% respectively. Eventually, just(20%)among all isolates are resistant to levofloxacin. While the percentage of colistin resistance was performed among 23 isolates and the results showed that all isol

This study was conducted on 90 local quail females in six different treatments in order to know the effect of adding green tea powder to the quail diet on the productive, reproductive, biochemical and hormonal characteristics of quail females. The results showed a significant superiority of the birds of the group fed on 1% of green tea powder in hot and cold carcass weight, average egg weight, albumin weight, yolk height and color, and the lowest feed consumption, while the control-treated birds in the number of eggs produced, HDP, ALT, Alkaline and Bilirubin exceeded the other treatments birds. Concerning the lipid profile, blood urea ratio, and AST, the highest significant figures were recorded in the treatment of birds fed a r

Toxins produced from bacteria constitute promising antitumor agents in treating different cancer types. Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the highly toxic virulence component that bind to specific cell receptors. This study aimed to purify Exotoxin A from clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 150 bacterial isolates were taken from clinical samples (burn and wounds) and were screened on selective media and identified as P. aeruginosa using biochemical analysis and molecular test by PCR amplification technique utilizing specific primer 16srRNA. Exotoxin A produced from P. aeruginosa were screened and purified by two steps

This study was aimed to demonstrate the spatial changes of Mosul Lake using change detection Techniques. Water bodies, an integral part of the Earth's hydrological cycle, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs, have a major effect on climate change and global warming. one of the most imperative vital activities in Iraq for the administration of its water resources is Mosul Dam Lake. The lake has changed in the water surface due to the severe anthropogenic activities, climate change, the monthly inflows received from the Tigris River, and the controlling of water imports by neighboring countries, and the territorial policy. Remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information Syste

This study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Prodigiosin pigment which in turn produced from particular environmental bacteria isolates Serratiamarcescensas a stabilizing and reducing agent. Additionally, the synthesis conditions were precisely taken into consideration as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C alongside a concentration of prodigiosin of 12 mg/ml with 5mg precursor of zinc acetate in deionized distilled water (DDW) 50ml. Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles have presented many applications such as catalysis, biosensing, anticancer, and biomedical, etc. The optimum condition for ZnO biosynthesis was characterized through several techniques such as UV-

The objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms of three loci (SEMA3E, GH and TLX) that related with growth traits in local quail. A total of 720 birds (males and females) from three lines (desert, brown and white) were used. The results revealed that the effects of the line were significant on bird body weight and carcass weight and dressing percentage at 180 days at age. The Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) value overall birds for body weight was ranged from -9.2173 to 10.0117, these results showed there were significant differences among high and low BLUP value groups in three quail lines under study. The PCR-RF

This study was conducted at the poultry farm Animal Production Department, Abu Ghraib , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during theperiod from 10/31/2020 to 12/11/2020. to study the effect of adding two different levels of artichoke  leaves extracts powder to the diet and for different periods  to rations on the productive performance of broiler chickens.One hundred thirty five unsexedcommercial hybrid broiler chicks (Ross 308), oneday old, 42.47 g/  its initial body weightwere used in this experiment, The birds were randomly distributed among three treatments, each treatment contained 45 birds, with three replicates, and each replicate contained 15 birds. The chicks of the first

The objective of this study was to investigate association between FecG^H-GDF-9 gene polymorphism and litter size in Hamdani fat-tailed sheep. The genomic DNA was extracted from eighty-seven blood samples of Hamdani ewes. The FecG^H-GDF-9 locus was detected by PCRs, and identified DNA genotyped by DNA sequencing. The evaluate several parameters included fertility (%), conception (%), letter size at birth, twining rate (%), triple rate (%), barrenness (%) and productivity (%) were measured and arrived 91.95, 95.40, 1.825, 150, 11.25, 8.05 and 159.77, respectively. The blast tree view results in NCBI blast show Hamdani sheep is more closely to Norway white face sheep, Han sheep and Pelibuey Sheep breeds which ha

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of eta, etb and etd genes among clinical isolates of S. aureus. 91 isolates of the bacterium were isolated from different clinical sites during the period from 2019 to 2020 from Baghdad hospitals, all the isolates were diagnosed by different biochemical tests and molecular method (PCR) using nuc gene. the PCR technique was used to detect eta, etb and etd genes among the isolates, the results showed that  91(100%) of the isolates were have nuc gene. while, 83 ( 91.2%) of the isolates at least carrying one of the ET genes; 20 (22%) , 0 (0%) and 63 (69.2%) of the 91 isolates expressed et

Guar gum galactomannan is a common polysaccharide isolated from the legume plants Cyamopsis tetraganoloba. Guar gum derivatives are widely used in many industrial fields. In this work, a method for obtaining a new derivative of guar gum, galactomannan butyl ether, is considered. The introduction of the butyl group into the structure of galactomannan was proved by IR spectroscopy, by the appearance of absorption bands in the regions corresponding to the vibrations of the –C – O – C–, CH₂ and CH₃ groups. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was shown that in the process of obtaining butyl ether of galactomannan, the structure is amorphous. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy, the p

The study was aimed to evaluate the marketing efficiency of dry Onion crop in Salah al-Deen, as estimate the impact of some quality and quantity factors in the efficiency of marketing process of crop using Tobit regression model. The average marketing efficiency of the research sample was 71.3686%. The marketing margins differed according to the marketing channel followed in marketing the crop. The qualitative and quantitative variables in the model are productivity, family size, distance from the market, educational level. The estimated model revealed that a variable productivity is the most important and influential in marketing efficiency, followed by the variable of the distance between the farm and the market, then the varia

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of earthworms after their decomposition on yeast growth. To achieve this objective, in vitro crude soluble extracts were prepared from two earthworms lots: freshly harvested from the field “FHE” and the other previously starved for one week “SE”. The dry residues of these two crude extracts were used at different concentrations as a solid media for the growth of two yeast species: one “Candida tropicalis” got from another laboratory and the other was isolated by our team from earthworms’ casts “Filobasidium uniguttulatum”, and their growth was evaluated by colonies counting. The results obtained, compared with the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (

The present study carried out to comparative between usage of killed vaccine of Escherichia coli with aromatic oils or alone against infection of broiler with pathogenic E.coli for this purpose two hundred broiler chicks were collected and randomly divided into four groups. Each group contained fifty chicks, food and drink for all groups ad libitium. The experimental groups were treated as follows: G1 vaccinated with the killed E. coli vaccine through subcutaneous injection dose 0.5 ml (3×10⁷ CFU/ml )in day five old and received Digestarom^® P.E.P sol. in drinking water 6 ml/100L from one day old until end of trial. G2 vaccinated with killed E. coli only

This study  was aimed recording the prevalence rates of the Cryptosporidium spp. and identify its species in buffalo at Babylon province by using microscopic (flotation and staining) and molecular technique to examined (100) buffalo fecal samples collected randomly from different sexes, ages, and regions, during the period from the beginning of October 2019, to end of March 2020. The percentage of infection with the Cryptosporidiosis was 40% by using the microscopic method, while, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) technique showed the infection rate was 61%, and according to age groups, recorded higher infection 77.5% at (≤6) months age group, followed by age group (>6 -1

The experiment was conducted during 1/4/2020-7/31/2020 to study the effect of adding high levels of nano-zinc oxide with the diet to induce force molting in laying hens by measuring some productivite traits. Eighty laying hens, 69 weeks old were used, randomly divided into four treatments, five replicates for each treatment using CRD.  Experimental treatments were: first treatment (T1), second treatment (T2), third treatment (T3) and fourth treatment (T4), which means control treatment without molting, adding 10, 15, and 20 gm of nano-zinc oxide / kg feed respectively. Results showed significant decreases (P<0.01) in egg production and almost ceased  in the 2nd and 3rd week after start molting. Egg production increas

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of each of olive leaf extract (OLE) and thyme leaf extract (TLE) and their combination in some physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristic of lamb patties stored either at 4c° for 12 days or at -18c° for 120 days. Results revealed that there are a steady rise (p<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial count and free fatty acid in control and treated samples with increasing time in both storage periods. Also, a significant (p<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial count and free fatty acid was observed in samples treated with OLE, TLE and their combination. Moreover, it was found that addition of 1% OLE and 1% OLE +0.05%TLE are more effe

There is growing interest among farmers to locally produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread making and meet the demand of local artisanal bakers in Kentucky. The warm and humid weather in southeast region is ideal for soft red winter wheat (SRW) production which characterized by low protein content. The technique of splitting nitrogen (N) fertilization according to the growth stages has been suggested to improve protein content and its composition. This study evaluated the effect of split N application on yield and baking quality traits of two SRW wheat cultivars grown in the eastern U.S. region in conventional and organic cropping systems. One landrace (Purple Straw) and one modern cultivar (Pembro

This study was aimed to identify and confirm of E.coli isolated from arthritis in chickens. Samples for the isolation of the bacteria were taken from broiler chickens with arthritis symptoms (swelling hock joint), and then examined by culturing, VITEK test as well as molecular assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolate was done. The results showed pink colour colonies on MacConkey agar. The VITEK system was used to identify those colonies. The results revealed that the isolate gave 97 % parallel to those fe

This research was implemented at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons, 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design arrangement with three factors and replicates (3X3X2). The aqueous barley sprouts extract (B0, B1) (0, 100 g.L^-1) represented the first factor. Trehalose (T0, T1, T2) (0, 50, 75 mmole.L^-1) represented the second factor. Calcium (C0, C1, C2) (0, 1, 2 ml.L^-1) represented the third factor. The research objectives are assessing the impact of the mentioned factors and their interaction on carrot vegetative, qua

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of Dimethylsulfate (DMS) 0%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% under four levels of salinity including 0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol NaCl L^-1 on some biochemistry characters such as proline, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll. All treatments were distributed according to the factorial experiment using complete ro(CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 0.03% of DMS gave the highest proline of 2.08 mg g^-1, H₂O₂ of 0.64 µM 100mg^-1<