The current study aimed to isolate and purify the Beta Casein (β-CN) protein from Iraqi Camel milk by urea, and ion exchange chromatography using a DEAE-Cellulose column, and gel filtration by using a Sephadex-G100 column, determining the molecular weight (M.wt) of protein isolate by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of the denaturant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). Enzymatic hydrolyzates were prepared using both pepsin and trypsin enzymes and their mixture (1:1), then the degree of hydrolysis (DH) was estimated after incubation for 8 h. and compared with bovine protein and standard proteins, the elution of β-CN using a DEAE-Cellulose column showed the appearance of two separate peaks, and their molecul

This study aimed to estimate the efficiency of buffalo milk production and address the most important economic and social factors that affect the production of buffalo milk in Baghdad Governorate. A random sample of 96 out of a total of 1600 breeders was taken at a rate of (6%). The stochastic production frontier function was estimated using the maximum likelihood (ML) method between the total milk production and the quantities of production inputs, which included (total production, the quantity of dry fodder, green fodder, concentrated fodder, the number of hours of human work, medicines, vaccines, and energy) in the efficiency model, and social factors such as the family members, experience, education, number of reproduction, and age w

Afield study was conducted in winter 2023–2024 at the Plant Protection Directorate, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replication to investigates the effects of corn or sorghum mulch alone and in combination with half dose of Time line trio herbicide on weed management, soil moisture content and wheat yield. Results indicated that using corn or sorghum mulch with 50% herbicide provided higher significant results in all test parameters just like full herbicide rate .The reduction in weed density was 95.22 and 93.20%at 60 DAS, and 91.13 and 92.32% of weedy check at 90 DAS, and the reduction in weed dry weight at 120 DAS was 98.71 and 98.91%of weedy check, respectively. Grain yield was 5.66

Four soil pedons along the Euphrates river were chosen, two of them were north of Al-Handia  Dam ( Jurf Al-nasr and Um-Aruk), when the other two pedons ( Al-Tubar village and Almishkhab) were chosen south of Dam, in order to study the impact of the location of Al-Handia Dam on the distribution and characteristics of clay minerals in Euphrates river sediments. Infrared technique has been used to diagnosis and characterized the clay minerals in studied soils. Results showed the dominance of chlorite, mica and kaolinite minerals within sediments of Euphrates river north of Al-Hindiyah Dam, while montmorillonite and (M-S) interstratified minerals were dominant south of Dam. Also, results showed that the dam cons

This study was carried to investigated Two types of new grafted polymers were prepared through chemical blending (mixture of the crosslinked mixture polymerization) of potassium polyacrylate (KPA) and 2-amino acetic acid (glycine) with calcium nitrate to give graft polymer type-1 (KPA-g-CaGY). As well as reaction of potassium polyacrylate (KPA) with calcium nitrate and chitosan polymer to give graft polymer type-2 (KPA-g-CaCS), grafting polymers has been characterized by FT-IR, ¹HNMR spectroscopy and compared with the pure potassium polyacrylate. The prepared polymers were used after confirming their diagnosis and physic-chemical properties in trying to reclaiming the desertification and saline soil in (Abu Ghraib-Baghdad in J

 The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of FASN AND ANXA9 gene polymorphism on genetic variation, quantitative and economic influences, and the extent of their contribution to the variation in the weaning weight of Awassi lambs based on the genetic polymorphism of their dams. New equations were designed and modified to calculate the contribution of both genes to the weight and price of the lambs. The contribution of both genes to the heritability of lamb's waning weight and the expected quantitative and price values to be inherited by the next generation were also estimated. Results revealed that the AA genotype of the FASN gene was superior to its hetero genotype AT counterpart in price and quantitative va

This research aims to determine the effects and limitations of using B. purpurea in complete feed on the performance of male Kacang goats. The study involved sixteen male Kacang goats aged 10-12 months with a weight range of 12-14 kg. The research method employed a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications, consisting of T0: G. sepium 30% + Natural grass 38% + Rice bran 7% + Milled corn 24,8% + Mineral mix 0,2% (control); T1: G. sepium 30% + Natural grass 38% + Rice bran 6,5% + Milled corn 22,8% + Mineral mix 0,2% + B.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of increased water flow and two different air speeds on water consumption and cooling performance in modify air coolers. An experiment was conducted using an air cooler with an additional water pump to facilitate increased water flow. One Way ANOVA with regression and Tukey was used. Findings revealed that practical water consumption significantly surpassed theoretical estimates, primarily due to heightened resistance encountered by water as it traversed the cooling pads. Notably, the implementation of two water pumps improved cooling, effectively lowering room temperature by7-10 °C (Δt of 9.4°C); however, this enhanc

Sol-gel, co-precipitation, and photo-deposition techniques were combined to create an effective method for making Fe₂O₃@SiO₂@TiO₂-Ag nanoparticles magnetically separable photocatalyst. FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD techniques were used to characterize the Ag-doped composite using FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD. In addition, the prepared composites' photocatalytic activity was investigated for the degradation of Metronidazole (MTZ). Approximately 96.85% of MTZ had decomposed after 2 hours of exposure to the sunlight with 20 mg/L of nanocomposite at a pH of 5, within 15 m/ L of MTZ. In addition, the outcomes showed that the 1-order kinetic model described the MTZ degradation kinetics. Furthermore, the

This study was carried out to identify the effect of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) region on some productive and physiological traits of Iraqi chickens. One hundred five and ten-week-old laying hens were used and bred in individual sages from sexual maturity to 100 days of production. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein for DNA extraction and serum isolation, and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to determine the target region of the QTL. Two groups were obtained: the first had a PCR product with band 294 bp denoted (P) and the second had no PCR product denoted (NP). The P group had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on egg weight at the second stage of the study amounted 48.23 gm. and a significan

Management of date palm is laborious andcostly, thus this work intended to study the two types of frond cutting saws (reciprocating saw andvibrating saw) investigated on three cutting parameters (noise intensity result from frond cutting, surface regularity or flatness of the cut region, andsome mechanical characteristics of the cutting process including longitudinal andradial compressive strength andstress measurement) applied on field grown five date palm varieties (Barhi, Bream, Khestawi, Tebarzal andZahdi).  Nested r&omized complete block design was implemented which included five date palm varieties as the main plot andthe type of saw as a sub-plot. Results indicate

Thi study aimed to assess the physiological effect of foliar silicon on the yield and its components of Bohouth 22cultivar bread wheat under conditions of moisture depletion. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station E, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriyah), during the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 winter seasons. The nested design with three replicates was used to study three levels of moisture depletion (40%, 60%, and 80%) and four silicon concentrations (0, 150, 200, and 250 mg L^-1).The results showed significant effects of depletion levels and silicon concentrati

The current study aimed to estimate the chemical composition and detect bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of olive leaves. The study involved collecting olive leaves from areas in Al Za'franiya, Baghdad, Iraq. According to the chemical composition, olive leaves have a good protein content (9.89%), which may play a major role in alleviating global malnutrition. The results revealed that the leaves contain high total Ash (22.20%), carbohydrates (55.66%), energy (273.52 kcal/100g), and low total fat content (1.28%). Ethanol extract 70% contained the highest concentration of oleuropein (298.0 mg/L),

This study was aimed to increasing egg production by supplementing medicinal plants Salvia officinalis L and Lavandula angustifolia L powders as antistressors in hen layer diet under high stocking density during different conditions. 240 two hundred and forty 31 weeks old hens layer were randomly divided into seven treatments with three replicates in each, reared for 16 weeks as folowings; T0 negative control normal density 24 layers, 8 layers/1.20 m² in each replicate (7 hens/m²) fed a basal diet. T1 positive control basal diet, T2 basal diet+ 0.7% salvia, T3 basal diet+ 0.9% salvia, T4 basal diet+ 0.7% lavender, T5 basal diet+ 0.9% lavender and T6 basal diet+ 0.7% mix (0.35% salvia+0.35%

This study was aimed to investigate genetic relation among 21 selective of watermelon seeds which collected from different commercial companies for different origins and produced at different years by using 12 primers for Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). The results showed that the selective of Crimson sweet had genotypes highest genetic relation between ( K1 and K2) it was found less than the genetic similarity between ( K1and K4) , ( K2 and K4) .The four selective were divided two groups A and B. The results showed that the selective a Charleston gray had the highest genetic relation between (CH4 and CH6) while it found less than the genetic relation between (CH5 and CH9). The ten selectives were divided two cluster A and B

The research aims to identify the reality of the extension services provided to workers in the vegetable production in the farms of Imam Hussein and Al-Abbas’s shrines by the agricultural and extension departments in the holy Karbala governorate. The research included the vegetable farms belonging to Imam Hussein and Al-Abbas’s holy shrines, as well as the agricultural extension departments that provided extension services to those farms. The research sample was chosen from all the agricultural extension agents in the agricultural extension departments in Karbala governorate, totaling (36) agricultural extension agents. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a questionnair

The current study was conducted to determine the ideal period for freezing of three fish species of in the Iraqi local markets which are common carp  Cyprinus carpio ,catfish Silurus triostegus and mullet Planiliza abu  through sensory evaluation and the effect of freezing time on the flavor, juiciness and general acceptability of fish .A total of20  samples, were taken for each species of fresh local fish and were frozen at 18°C for different freezing periods : 1 day (T2), 15 days (T3), 30 days (T4) and 45 days (T5) , in addition to the fresh treatment T1 that has not been subjected to freezing. Results of common carp showed that the be

This study was aimed to synthesize a new molecularly imprinted polymer using a functional monomer of styrene(STY) and allyl chloride(ALC) and N, N-methylene bis-acrylamide (MBAA) as a cross-linker for the selective extraction of cocaine from urine samples. Cocaine is used as a template to create a monolithic solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) fiber. All of these analytical procedures were utilized to extract, preconcentrate, and selectively determine Cocaine and its derivatives (SPME) with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Samples taken from a suspected cocaine addict who was given to the medico-legal directorate as a donation (Baghdad, Iraq). The analytes were monitored using UV-Vis , (GC MS), FTIR and Scanning

The present study was confined to a taxonomical and systematical revision of all so far, recorded diatoms from study was Tigris River within Baghdad district. There is a lot of confusion in the naming and nomenclature of this and other groups of algae in Iraq and even in the whole middle east. Since various systematic categories have been used and applied for the identification of diatoms and another algal taxon. More than half of all so far, known diatoms (a total of 345 taxa) have been renamed by the most recent internationally accepted system of classification. In the current study, Bacillariophyta in Tigris involves 27 species of Coscinodiscophyceae, 48 species of Fragilariophyceae whereas, all other 267 species were found wi

This study was carried out at three locations (Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture, Fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala and one of the private nursery at the city of Baqubah.  The applied experiments included two separate experiments on the scion Mandarin Clementine micro grafted on Sour orange rootstock. The first micro grafting experiment aimed to develop a method of vegetative propagation of Clementine and transferring the micro grafts  from a laboratory to the field and comparing grafting dates (spring, early autumn, late autumn) with the laboratory grafting after treating grafting region with different concentrations of gibberellin (0, 0.3 or 0.4 mg. L-1). The effect of grafting dates on the p

This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of lowering sunflower cake degradability or seeds on puberty, testicular and blood measurements of Awassi lambs. Thirty Awassi lambs with an average body weight of 25.93 ± 0.42 kg and 3- 4 months old. Lambs were divided into three groups (10 lambs in each group) the first group was fed a diet contained 11% of sunflower cake (T1), the second group was fed a diet contained 11% of low degradable sunflower cake (T2), while the third group fed a diet that contained 11% of low degradable sunflower seeds (T3). The results indicated that reduce sunflower seeds degradability in (T3) led to a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in the length of right and left testes (8.35 and

The study was conducted on the Erbil Dairy Herd of the Erbil city, to evaluate the effect of body condition score of Bokani dairy cow on milk composition. Milk samples were examined weekly for milk yield and milk fat, protein percentage, fat / protein ratio, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and freezing point for sixty days. Body condition score of individual cows was recorded in a 1-5 scale. Milk samples were collected from individual cow. Samples collected from cows having similar body condition score were mixed together to make composite sample. The results revealed that the body condition score was affected milk yield and fat percentage significantly (P<0.01). This score was also influenced the percentage of milk protein, fat

This study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among maize inbred lines grown in Iraq by using Simple Sequence Recurrent (SSR) markers. For estimating the genetic relationships, 10 SSR primers were used with 10 maize inbred lines. Two hundred and sixteen alleles (bands) with a range of 13 to 41 were identified for the SSR loci. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 10 SSR loci ranged from 0.60% to 100%. Primers ‘umc1566’, ‘umc1542’, and ‘umc2189’ showed the maximum PIC value; by contrast, ‘umc2225’showed the lowest PIC value. The 10 maize in

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a promising herbal plant, rich in bioactive components. It is considered as medicinal plant due to its nutritional and phytochemical composition, especially high proportion of phenolic compounds. The primary aim of this study was to achieve chemical profile analyses of artichoke for different phytochemcials, especially Scolymoside and Cynaroside. Methanolic crude was extracted from Artichoke leaves by rotary evaporator and separated by column chromatography. The fractions monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and identified in High-Pressure Liquid Chroma

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion of raw sesame seeds (RSS) on performance, serum biochemistry, carcass characteristics and digestive physiology of broiler chickens between hatch and 35 days of age. Three inclusion levels (0, 5 or 10 g/kg) of RSS were included in the starter, grower and finisher diets on either wheat- or maize-based diets. At first 10 days, birds tended (P < 0.06) to eat more with increasing concentrations of RSS. At day 35, there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between the level of RSS and the grain, depressing the serum cholesterol in birds that received RSS at the medium concentration in wheat-bas

The hard environmental factors of AL-Abedh basin region forced the native tribes to make multitude migrations in it around the year seeking for water and pasture lands . Existence of sufficient water supplement will settle these tribes down and enhancing their eco system. The real capability of GIS software to be a decisions making support tool or operations management assistant mean came from its ability of data integration and information analysis. This capability was invested in this research to determine the optimum location of a dam that confine huge amount of water in its lake which can be used to provide water for drinking,  pasture irrigation and land reclamation along the valley banks, and hydroelectricity power gen

In this study a mathematical models were developed to simulate draft force for three types of plows (moldboard, chisel and disk plow). The study was carried out in the experimental field of Agricultural Machinery Department at University of Basrah, which had silty clay soil texture. Independent parameters included three levels of tillage depth (0.15, 0.20 and 0.25m), three forward speeds (0.54, 0.83 and 1.53 m/s) and two levels of cone index (550 and 980 kPa). Response Surface Method (RSM) was utilized to produce models and to analyze results. Acquired results were used to extract accurate model for draft force. The draft force increased by 114% when tillage dept

Two field experiments were carried out at the College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad during spring season 2017 on okra "Petra" to study foliar application of potassium and zinc on growth, green pod yield and seed production of okra. Split plot within RCBD design was used with three replicates for both experiments where potassium factor was used within main plot and zinc in sub-plot. Potassium sprayed with concentrations (0, 2000, 4000, and 6000) mg.l^-1 while zinc sprayed with the concentrations (0, 30, and 60) mg.l^-1. Results were showed that the potassium spray with concentrations 4000 mg.l^-1 and the zinc spray with 30 mg.l ^-1 was superiored in plant height (114.36 and 111.60 cm

Acetamiprid is one of the most wide used insecticides over the entire world. Three acetamiprid concentrations, the dependence one (200 ppm) and two other high concentrations (300 and 400 ppm) were used to treated tomato fruits at the final stage of ripening. A daily samples up to 15 days, were examined for their acetamiprid residues. The maximum migration of acetamiprid (systemic) into tomato fruit was observed after three days (1.7, 1.89 and 2.27ppm) of spraying by 200, 300, and 400 ppm. After 7 days of application, the acetamiprid residues are more than five-fold of the Maximum Residue Limit (acetamiprid MRL=0.2 mg/kg). Four groups of male mice (each of 10, control and three treatments) were used to study the effects of acetami