This study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of chloritization phenomenon in these soils. Three of these pedons were chosen in soil sites differing in their agricultural exploitation, which included: one pedon in an uncultivated soil at Daratw . While the second pedon was dug in soil exploited by the cultivation of  wheat at Bardarash . The third pedon was chosen as representative of a forest soil at Tawska Valley. Also, another two soil pedons were exposed to successive cycles of wet and dry, were chosen in Aski Kalak , and  Altun Kupri districts. All studied soils were examined by X-ray diffractions. Results showed the presence of Mica, Smectite, Real chlorite and Kaolinite mine

Rice-fish farming system that is purposed to maximize land use by adding fish farming to its systems. In the Rice-fish farming system, the fish farm serves as a solution to overcome pests so it can provide benefits for the farmers. Fish farm maintenance is considered to be a solution to reduce farmers expenditures in the use of fertilizers. The reason is in the fish-maintaining process, fish will naturally excrete dirt which has a function as organic fertilizer which will increase the fertility of the waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of phytoplankton as well as the physical and chemical quality of the water

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding levels (0%, 25%, and 50%) of alfalfa pellet ration (APR) (47% alfalfa) on the main carcass cuts Physico-chemical traits of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). A total of 270 one-day-old ducklings were used. The birds at seven-day-old were assigned to 9 indoor pens of (1×2.2m) with outdoor and swimming pool (1×9.8m). Each pen represented an indoor replicate with 30 ducklings. The feeding program for Pekin Duck group treatments with (APR) (47% alfalfa) was used as a replacement to the basal diet at different percentages (0%, 25%

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of  four application methods of vermicompost tea (without application, ground application, foliar spray, combination of - ground application + foliar spray) , four types of biofertilization (without application, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus megaterium, the combination consisting of S. maltophilia + B. megagaterium), and two levels (0, 50%) of the fertilizer recommendation in the availability of some soil nutrients and on the growth and yield of squash using as randomized complete block design with three replications. The r

To examine the effect of different slaughter weights on performance, carcass traits and body composition, twenty five weaned Awassi lambs (19.00 ± 0.12 kg) were divided equally and randomly into five groups. All groups were fed individually ad lib on concentrated diet contained 15.1 % crude protein and 12.2, MJ/kg metabolizable energy. Lambs were slaughtered at five different live weights (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 kg). Results revealed that daily gain in weight increased from its lowest value (115.7 g) at 20 kg, to (338.8 g) at 30 kg and there after declined to (299.9 g ) in lambs slaughtered at 49 kg. This was associated by a significant decline (P≤0.01) in feed conversion ratio. The daily dry mater intake was increased (P≤0.0

Traditional eel farmers face the problem of poor quality and high price of commercial glass eel diet, this feed has produced poor fish performance, as well. The lack of essential amino acids may be the cause. Molecular methods are used to determine the rapid response of glass eels to a formulated diet. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of adding lysine to commercial feed affects the expression of genes related to growth hormone GH. Pasta feed was given to glass eels (1600 heads) which were cultured for 60 days. The cylindrical plastic ponds were framed with steel and covered with HDPE plastic (300μm) in size {(3.14cm) x (85cmx85cm) x (60cm)} filled with water 907,460 L ≈ 0.91 m3. Real time RT-PCR result

The research aims to study the profit functions of vegetable crops. Cross-sectional data was used based on a random sample that included 200 farmers in Alqosh region within Nineveh Province for the 2018-2019 agricultural season. The results showed that there are vegetable crops which need a large amount of labor as labor costs amounted to about 71% of the total costs per acre in tomato production. It was also found that total costs were higher in tomato crop cultivation at the dunum level compared to other vegetable crops. In addition, profit function shows that the price of the product has a significant effect on profit compared to the rest of the independent variables in the functions of vegeta

This study was aimed  to identify the reality of the extension farm activities in providing extension services to the farmers of the middle Euphrates governorates. The study was   included 54 paragraphs divided into 3 axes outline  which included: extension activities implemented inside the extension farm, extension activities implemented outside the extension farm, coordination activities and participation with relevant institutions. A random sample of 60% of the extension farms in each governorate was selected using a questionnaire from a random sample of 41 respondents. The research results were activities of applying scientific research results, with a degree of 1.4 degrees which is less than the hypotheti

This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/ Diyala University/ Department of Animal production to determine the effect of replacing soybean meal with black soldier fly Hermetia illucens larvae meal on the growth performance and some biochemical blood parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. One hundred and five fish with an average initial weight of 27.46±0.14 g was used in this experiment. They were randomly distributed into five treatments (3 replicate/treatment, 7 fish/ replicate). The first treatments (T1 control group) was fed with standard diet without black soldier fly larvae meal (0% BSFLM), black soldier fly larvae meal were substituted for soybean meal in other experimental groups at 25%, 50%,

This study was surveyed and evaluated technical, economic and scale efficiency of broiler farms in Egypt using DEA technique. So as to accomplish the specified aim, stratified random sampling technique was utilized to gather information from 150 broiler farms. The results showed that mean technical efficiencies of broiler farms were 0.915 and 0.985 under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) respectively, implying that on average the farms could reduce input utilization by 8.5% and 1.5% for production level of output to be technically efficient. Notably, 48.7% of the farms were estimated fully technical efficient under VRS-model. The mean allocative and economic effi

This study was applied for  extraction  flavonoid compounds  from Myrtus   communis (aerial part)and detection of its effectiveness on growth of one of dermatiphytic isolates and keratinase activity, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common isolates which was obtained   with frequency (66%),  the identification and quantitation of flavonoids was carried out by thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that each 100 g of aerial part of the plant  contained 850 mg total flavonoids as rutin).The HPLC chromatogram for M. communis flavonoid extract revealed that, M. communis  flavonoid

This study was carried out to compare the effects of intravaginal FGA sponges to synchronize estrus on reproductive performance of the Karadi and Arabi ewes , 30 for each breed at 2-4 years during the breeding season were used. Ewes from each breed were equally and randomly distributed into three groups. The first group was treated with vaginal sponges saturated with (40 mg) of FGA within a period of 14 days (T1). The second group administrate with the FGA and is injected with a dose of 400 IU of the PMSG hormone  (T2). The third group treated with a dose of 0.5 ml/head of PGF2α hormone (T3)  on the day of sponge removal, was injected at. The result of the study showed a non-significant increase in the estrous rate, fe

This study was conducted at the poultry Farm / Animal production department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science / University of Baghdad, during the period form 8-3-2014 to 19-4-2014 to evaluation of supplementing different levels of turmeric (curcuma Longa) Powders to Broiler diets on economic indicator and histological measurement of intestine. One hundred and twelve unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308), one day, 41g its initial body weight. The birds were randomly distributed among Four treatments, each treatment contained 28 birds, with two replicates and each replicate contained 14 birds. The chicks of first treatment (T1) control without supplement, while T2, T3 and T4 treatment were fed a standard diet for broilers in

This study aims to obtain information on the reproductive biology of these species, especially on sex ratio, fecundity, ovarian development, and breeding season. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 on every full moon with the highest tide in the estuary of Bengawan Solo River, East Java, Indonesia. The obtained samples were placed in the freezer and identified, and a dissection was performed to observe the gonads. There were 617 crabs with an average sex ratio of 1 male to 1.9 females. Mean fecundity of V. litterata was 45350±3182 egg/individual. In each sampling period, there were always females that were maturing gonads. The ovaries of females during the study were the early developed (stage III), la

This study aimed to investigate a new evaporation technique of essential oils; EOs (oregano, Lemongrass and bergamot essential oils) are in product called Fumite^®Aroma. The study included 3 immunological parameters namely immunoglobulin A (IgA), interferon gamma (INF-γ), and newcastle disease (ND) antibody titer (Ab) as well as to compare between aerosol and ocular routes for ND vaccine. The study was designed as follow : {G1: is positive control given EOs(6g) only; G2: given Eos (6g) with ND vaccine by aerosol route; G3: given EOs (6g) with ND vaccine by ocular route; G4: given ND vaccine by aerosol route only; G5: given ND vaccine by ocular route only; G6: is negative control with no evaporation or vaccination}. Le

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021 and spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg⁺⁺ a

This study was aimed to demonstrate effect of adding some Bio-fertilizers,Nile flower peat fertilizer and spraying with its extract on growth and yield of potato, Tow field experiment at spring and fall season2022 was carried out Horticulture Development Station  in the kut district of the Directorate of Agriculture ofWasit Governorate The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4×3×2) within randomized complete block design with three replicates, The  First factor included the addition of biofertilizers (M) ,which is M₀-without adding , M₁- added the Mycorrhizae

This study was aimed to conduct one of the vertical garden systems , selecting suitable plant species that with stand the climate conditions of Baghdad city in outer space to determine the appropriate growing medium for the (LWS), and to assess the impact of spraying with potassium silicate on the resistance of the cultivated plants to heat stresses . The study carried out at at Al-Batool Park of (Al-Kadhimiya Holy City). Two experiments were carried out, each one with a different plant species, including Wedelia trilobata and Tradescantia pallida, during the winter season of 2021 and summer season of 2022. The experiments were designed using a split block design. The experiments included two factors, the first

This study was aimed to investigate a comprehensive methodology and its ensuing results for identifying potential sites for wind power plants (WPPs) and solar photovoltaic plants (SPVPs) across Tunisia, a crucial step given the significant long-term investment these plants entail. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and underpinned by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research meticulously weighs and maps various site-specific criteria essential for site suitability assessment. The results indicate that approximately 1183 km² (1.8% of Tunisia's total area) and 2533 km² (3.7%) are optimally suited for large-scale SPVPs and WPPs, respectively. the prime locat

A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of Diyala River water with some heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd), Boron and their effect on pollution of agricultural soil surrounding river that is irrigated with river water. Nine areas located on river within Al-Jisr district of Al-Madain district, southeast of Baghdad Governorate / Iraq, were selected, namely Umm Al-Ubaid, Al-Uwaija, Al-Khafaji, Al-Kargouliya, Jurf Al-Naddaf, Al-Samadiyah, Abu Thila, Al-Arifiyah, Al-Tuwaitha, and northern shores of Salman Pak, for comparison purposes. Water samples were taken for three months during summer (June, July, and August) and three months during the winter (January, February, and March) of 2024, and average values ​​for two seasons were

This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variability of 26 rice genotypes and evaluation at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Gaba and Chawtan which were completely different in their environmental condition during the season of 2019. The performances of the genotypes were analyzed at both locations as well as the average of both. Simple coefficients of correlation were used to assess the grain yield components and their relationships. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of such components on grain yield plant^-1. The genotypes were grouped based on the agro-morphological features using cluster analysis. Almost all of the traits at both locat

This study was carried out on Euphrates River, which is one of the main sources of water in Iraq to assess the water quality of Southeast of DhiQar province. Water samples were collected monthly and seasonally at three stations from October 2016 to September 2017. Eight parameters were analyzed, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total dissolved solid, hydrogen ion, turbidity, chloride and electrical conductivity. Monthly variations of water quality index were differing among months in three stations of study area in Euphrates River. The lowest value of WQI in station 1 was poor (1.32) in June, and the highest (2.30) in November, the value was indicated a good water. At station 2, WQI values ranged from 1.28 in

 The aim of this study to improve the growth, production, and fruits quality of cucumber, Two experiments were carried out. firstly; a field experiment to produce cucumber by the soilless culture system. This experiment was to study effect of nutrients solution (A₁, A₂), growth media (C₁, C₂, C_3, and C₄), and methods of flowering management (B₁, B₂, B₃ and B₄). Second experiment was conducted to study the effect of storage methods on the yield of 32 field treatments combination (ABC), for a week in four cases of storage as follows: S₁ repr

This study was investigated the relationship between Holstein bulls' fertility with some biomarkers (amino، fatty، and organic acids) and semen characteristics. The study included exploring the relationship among the fertility of Holstein bulls، several biomarkers، and semen characteristics in straws (20-25 straws/bull) preserved for three years. The cows were artificially inseminated (9-10 cows/bull) from semen. Based on the fertility rate، the bulls were divided into three groups، the first bulls of medium fertility (˂65%)، the second of good fertility (65-79%)، and the third of high fertility (>80%). The semen characteristics were evaluated، and the concentration of some amino acids and organic fatty acids was mea

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nisin, potassium sorbate and sodium lactate and their interactions as preservatives in fat oxidation, some quality and microbial characteristics of chilled ground beef meat stored at 4C˚ for 0,4,8 and 12 days. The study included nine different treatments: T1 (control treatment without addition), T2 (nisin at a concentration of 150 mg/kg), T3 (potassium sorbate 0.075 g/kg), T4 (sodium lactate 3%), T5 (nisin 150 mg/kg + potassium sorbate 0.075 g/kg), T6 (nisin 150 mg/kg + sodium lactate 3%), T7 (Sodium Lactate 3% + Potassium Sorbate 0.075 g/kg), T8 (Nisin 150 mg/kg + Sodium Lactate 3% + Potassium Sorbate 0.075 g/kg) and T9 (Addition of Butylated hydroxyanisole(BHA 0.01%)). All tr

This experiment conducted Using 12 primers related to ISSR technology in distinguishing among the 21 selective back to the three variety of watermelon they are each of the selective Crimson Sweet which code to W1, W2, W3 and W4 and the variety Sugar Baby which coded to SH1 ,SH2 ,SH3 ,SH4 ,SH5,SH6 and SH7 and the variety Charleston Gray which is coded to G1 ,G2,G3 ,G4 ,G5 ,G6 ,G7 ,G8, G9 and G10 . The results showed that the primers used gave 89 total bands were all of the polymorphism was 100%. Found that the primers 810, 840 and 864 were high ability of the way to give it the highest numbers of bands while the primers 808 and 834 of the ability of the few by giving them fewer bands. 9 primers able to give distinct bands for some

The research aimed  to determine the overall quality standards through literature and specialists and overall quality experts , and to identifying the applied level by managers in some provinces of the central region . In order to achieve the objectives of the research , the researcher developed five scale ranging from grades ' ( 0-4 ) degree for the purpose of identifying the level of application of total quality standards for program planning by managers in the provinces of the central region , included (73) items distributed on (10) axes and ( 4) field (inputs , processes , outputs , feedback ) . The research was conducted on  a random sample of 50%  of Iraqi mi

This study was conducted in two phases included, production of high quality composts from Bio solids, and the enrichment of this compost through mixing the waste with buffalo, poultry and sewage sludge at ratios of 1: 3 of each and 1: 1: 1: 2 one of them the decomposition and curing process was completed during 14 weeks. Chemical, physical and biological characteristics of mature compost as well as its elemental component and its suitability as agriculture media were determined. The results showed that Coliform bacteria and  Salmonella and Shigella did not appear at the end of maturation. Total fungi count continued to increase to end of maturation when temperature fell to

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nano fertilizers and application method on growth and yield of date palm. The experiment was carried out at AL- Rabeaa date palms station - Department of Horticulture - Ministry of Agriculture on 10 years old of Khastawi date palm cultivar during 2016 - 2017. Factorial experiment (3×6) within randomized complete block design with three replications .carried out using two factors: the first was three application methods; foliar application, injection with trunk and soil fertilization (A1, A2, A3) respectively. The second factor was different types of fertilizer, seaweed extract of the

The aim of this study is to measure the levels of heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in apple fruits with some selected rootstock from the Mitrovica region, Kosovo. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil and apple tissue plants were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).  Compared with the reference site in contaminated areas, soil and plant contents of all analyzed metals are higher. The results of this study showed that different types of rootstock have different affinities for heavy metals. The average concentrations ranged from 1.85, 0.37, 6.88, 8.03, 0.05, 2.03, 4.36, 5.09 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Zn, Cu and Fe wi