This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the substrate on the productivity and quality for Flammulina velutipes. Results of the effect of different agro-waste sawdust (SD), wheat straw (WS) and palm waste (PW). on the mean fungal mycelium growth shows that Flammulina velutipes gave the highest mean fungal mycelium growth on SD culture media amended with 2, 3, 4% lime at 30c. evaluation the efficiency of the above  agro-waste  substrate morphological and productivity showed that, the shortest period for the full growth of F. velutipes mycelium was on SD substrate, the shortest period for the pinhead formation 8.6days on  the fungus gave highest yield

In this study the Trichoderma harizanum was to know the possibility of using it as bio fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers, where it was added to planted soil with tomato seeds in the following proportions:  adding the fungus with concentration 1%,2% - adding the fungus with NPK fertilizer as mixture with percentage 1:1,2:2 -adding NPK fertilizer alone with concentration  1%,2% , after three weeks, the results of plantation showed significant increase for all examined characteristics in each  : germination ratio , seedling length ,dry and wet weight  in the case of usage of Trichoderma Hariznum fungus only in different concentrations , the best result was at concentration 2% comparing to contro

The area under study is located at the lower of resent Mesopotamian plain of Euphrates river, located between  longitude 43 35 to 43 35 East and latitude 33 22 to 33 27 North with area (3445.38 ha.) at 169 path and 37 row of Landsat-5 taken by Thematic Mapper image sensor (TM). The space images taken during the year 1985, were used ERDAS V.8.2 and GIS V.9.2 Software. using data of soil survey report.A study show ability of Spectral reflectance to detecting the  Aridisols and Entisols and can be also detecting sub- great group at Typic Haplogypsids and Typic Haplosalids taxonomy units appeared to be distinguished and isolated. While there were difficult to detecting

This experiment was conducted to study the role of potassium and calcium mixture to mitigate  salt stress of some genotypes of wheat to improve growth and yield of wheat the enzymatic situation and root architecture, this experiment included three factors the first factor was three levels of potassium and calcium K50+Ca100, K100+Ca200 and K200+Ca400 µM.L^-1, and the second factor was three levels of salinity 0NaCl and 20 NaCl and 40µM.L^-1NaCl, and the third factor was four varieties of wheat namely: with three replications.The result can be summarized as follow: Abu Ghraib3 variety was superior in diameter of root and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes SOD in shoot. Ibaa 99 variety was superior i

Micronutrients can be considered as one of the main component for high and good quality agricultural products and human health.  Many Researchers and Scientists around the world indicated that more than 3 billion person around the world affected by shortage in micronutrients especially Fe and Zn .This problem cannot be solved through food additives at developing poor countries and Biofortification is the only answer through naturally enriched agricultural products with micronutrients.  Micronutrients can limit food quality and quantity in spite of the low amounts required by crops compared to macronutrients. Micronutrient are available in different formulas and structures as mineral ,synthetic chelated and organic ferti

This rsearch was conducted on apricot trees cv. Labeeb at the college of Agriculture – University of  Baghdad/ Abu Gharib during the growing seasons 2013 and 2014, to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer extract and the method of  application on growth and yield parameters, the extract was applied in the biggning of spring by two ways the first foliar application with three concentrations 1, 2 and 3 g.L^-1 and second ground application 2, 4 and 6 g.L^-1. The experiment were designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and Genstat program for statistical analysis. Results of the first season showed that the foliar spraying with high concentration gave highest values for branches

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of sucrose, poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on hypocotyl induced callus of Moringa oleifera at the plant tissue culture lab.- College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad from February 2015 to May 2016. Sucrose concentrations were 30, 60, and 90, 120 g .L ^-1 and PEG 0, 25, 50 and 100 g .L ^-1 added to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg .L ^-1 of 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg .L ^-1 of NAA. MS medium supplemented with120 g .L ^-1 of sucrose gave the best amount of Zeatin, Quercetin and Kaempferol reached to 103.4, 1324.6 and 966.5 µg. g dry weight of callus^-1 respectively. The concentrations o

A field experiments were carried out at Abu- Graib Research Station- Agricultural Research Office- Ministry of Agriculture during 2014- 2015 season to investigate the performance of 225 pure lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which at sixth generation after crossing among local and exotic genotypes (during 2008 to 2014) with their parents. The experiment was conducted using Simple Lattice Design with three replications. The results were revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits. The genotypes 39 and 192 had higher number of days to 50% flowering (140 days), the longest period of physiological maturity 159 days of genotype 49. The highest means of flag leaf area (80.

In this study, soil samples were collected from two locations: Samawa and Rumetha in southern Iraq. The samples from each location were split into two datasets: calibration set and validation set. A representative soil sample for each location was chosen for application of 5 levels of potassium phosphate fertilizer in 3 replications. Vis-NIR reflectance (350-2500 nm) and GIS-Kriging were used in combination with Partial Least Square (PLS) to predict soil available P. According to the results of this study, three wavelength regions were reported as a main sensitive bands for soil available P. The best prediction ability was achieved for Rumetha location at 1400-1600 nm with an R² of 0.85, lowest RMSE of 1.405, and lowes

The objective of this research was production, purification and characterization of  Bifidobrevicin-LHM from  Bifidobacterium breve isolated  from women breast Colostrum. The antibacterial activity of crude and purified Bifidobrevicin-LHM on Streptococcus.agalactiae were assayed, also investigated their effect on β-hemolysin activity which is purified from S.agalactiae in vitro .We developed an untried mouse model of acute S.agalactae pneumonia, biochemical, histopathological, microbiological, innate and specific immune response were determined. Purified and  crude Bifidobrevicin-LHM exhibited bactericidal  action against S.agalactiae isolates and its  β-hemolysin activity in vitr

In this study, evaluated the effect of turmeric dietary addition on immune response against the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Infectious bursal disease (IBDV). and histopathological changes in some internal  organs was evaluated in 42 day old broiler chicks. ninety-six Ross broiler chicks were reared from 1  to 42 days old and divided randomly into four groups, Feed and drinking water were offered ad libitum.  Group1 (G1) received turmeric (0.2%), while group2 (G2) received turmeric (0.4%), Group3 (G3) received turmeric (0.6 %) and group4 (G4) was the control positive received basal diet . At the end of the trial  

A field experiment was carried out at the College of Agriculture, Duhok University to study the effect of phosphorous levels (25, 30, and 35) kg P ha^-1 in addition to control treatment and five wheat varieties (SDRAA-1, Sham-4, Maxipak, Abugraib-3, and JAWA-13) on yield and yield components of cultivated studied wheat varieties in calcareous soil during winter season (2014- 2015). The experiment units were laid out in the factorial arrangement using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results revealed that wheat varieties were significantly affected on plant height, protein percent, leaf area, date of flowering, grain weight spik^-1, No. of grain spike^-1, 1000- grain

This research was conducted to study the exploitation of speed and working width for different tractors with best performance rate and lower costs, and study of the efficiency and amount disbursed energy. The research was conducted in the Dibs region in Kirkuk governorate in September 2015, in two different locations of the soil texture, Randomized complete block design by split split plot system with three replications and Duncan test were used to compare the means of treatment at 5%. The results showed the best quadrate interaction  which achieved the best technical results, economically and indicators of the power indicators in speed (6.24Km / h) and working width (120cm) with three tract

The study aims to measure the marketing margins and costs and the marketing efficiency of the table eggs were produced by the privete sector in Baghdad province, and to achive the study aims we design questionnaire are for the three marketing levels in marketing path : producer , wholsale trader and retailer trader. The results showed that share of produce which paid by consumer was (82%) as a one of indicators of high marketing efficiency , the producer prof it was about (68%), and profit of the wholesale trader about (18%), and profit of retailer profit about (14%). The study estimate the relative importance of item of the marketing margin between producer and consumer , the relative importance of profits of wholesale trader ca

As a result of different quality standards for irrigation water and the varying ion composition, and the fact that classification of irrigation water consists of large and complex data, this study was conducted in order to find a way for combining the complex water quality data into a single value, a quality of irrigation water index (IWQI) which reflects the suitability of the water quality for irrigation. Irrigation water quality variables were divided into five groups according to Food and Agriculture Organization FAO guide. The order of the parameters were, Salinity expressed in electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Toxicity of specific ions (boron, chloride, sodium, Toxic trace elements and Miscellaneo

This research was conducted to study the effect of some plant growth regulators on in vitro shoots multiplication of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). The experiments included tests of various combinations of KIN with IBA or IAA in the shoot multiplication. Results indicated that KIN at 1.0 mg. L^-1 plus 0.3 mg. L^-1 of IBA produced the highest number of shoots (3.5 shoots) while KIN at 1.5 mg. L^-1 plus IBA at 1.0 mg. L^-1 produced the lowest shoot length (1.14 cm).  Hormone free medium produced the highest rate of the leaves number reached 28.56 leaves. KIN and IBA interaction increased

A  Field experiment was conducted during winter season at 2015 – 2016 at the experimental farm, department of Field Crop, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to investigate effect of Organic Fertilizers preparation from weed plants on various broad bean varieties behavior and relationships with seed yield and its components. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged according to split-plots used with three replicates including four organic fertilizers prepared from weeds Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Mallow (Malva rotundifolia), Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), European Heliotropic (Heliotropium europaeum), chemical fertilizer and control (without fe

This experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Field Crop Department, College of Agriculture, university of Baghdad, during two spring seasons of 2012 and 2013 to study the response of quality characteristics of sunflower cultivar Akmar to the irrigation methods and water of magnetization technology and water use efficiency. The experiment was laid out as a split plot in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four irrigation methods were used as main plots, [Farrow irrigation (I₁), unfixed alternate furrow irrigation (I₂), fixed alternate furrow irrigation (I₃) and basin irrigation (I₄)], while four levels of magnetized water (0, 1

In order to determine the traits that correlate to yield to rely on them as selection criteria for high yield in safflower; seeds of five cultivars .2081, Gelser Almais , Ordini, and rabia 500 planted in the field of Field Crop Dept. College of Agriculture –Uni. Of Baghdad during 2010and 2011.The design  of experiments is randomize complete block design  with split plot arrangement with three replication. Data were recorded for traits: yield/ plant, total yield, harvest index, oil%, number of seed/plant, number of seeds/capsules, seed weight,dry weight of plant, number of capsules/plant, number of primary and secondary branches and plant height. Results of statistical analysis illustr

The Gravity Model considered one of the important models in foreign trade, because it is used to explain the most important determinants of the state export of it’s exporting goods and determine competitive state for exports of the country in world market of its exports, besides it give an idea about most important countries in exporting export goods. The study aims to determine most important factors affecting on flow of Iraqi skins to world market, and measuring influence of these factors and determine suitable model to understand most important determinants of foreign trade of Iraqi skins with most important trading partners. The study proved that per capita of GDP, quantity of commodity pro

In order to identify maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes had tolerate  drought, Seven drought indices and 18 maize genotypes were used,  to determine the efficiency of theses indices to identify tolerant and susceptible genotypes, Also interpretation the relationship between these indices using  principle component , cluster of multivariate analysis and rank-sum method.  The results indicated that MP, GMP, and STI were positively and significant correlated with Yp and Ys. Therefore, these indices have the potential to identify genotypes own well performance to stress and non-stress  conditions. Screening drought tolerant genotypes using these indices discriminating&nbs

Two field experiments were carried out at the field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib of agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of water irrigation quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on some morphological traits of wheat cultivar bahooth 10. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation volumes which control treatment (irrigation 50% of the water available), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sub plots. Second experiment included same ir

Two field experiments were carried out at field crop research station- Abu-Ghraib- agricultural researches office during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to investigate effect of  irrigation deficiency quantities and ABA concentrations soaking and spraying on yield, its components of bahooth 10 wheat cultivar. Split plot arrangement by RCBD with three replicates for each experiment. First trial included for water irrigation quantities which control treatment (50% water depletion from available water), 70% and 40% from control treatment as well as rainy treatment (germination irrigation + rainfed) which occupied main plots while ABA soaking concentration (0, 1, 2, and 3) micromoles which occupied sup plots. Second experiment included

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of some biological agents to reduce charcoal rot of Cantaloupe which is caused by Macrophomina  phaseolina  under wooden canopy and to detect activity of inducer  agents through Peroxidase enzyme, phenols and chlorophyll contents. Results obtained under Wooden canopy, treatment of combination between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments. The disease percentage and disease severity were (0.0), (0.0)% respectively compared to control treatment (pathogen) 88.3 and 76.6% respectively. However treatment of integration between T.viride

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using alcoholic extract of yangadnia leaves on some bacterial strain Salmonella typhimiurum, E.coli  and  staphylococcus aures  in 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration using digging method. Minced cow meat 200 mg/ml   was mixed with yangdina extract and stored for 0,2,4 day at 4 C and tested for chemical and biological characteristics. The ruselts showed that the best concetration of inhibition was 200mg/ml and the inhibition zone diameters were 26, 19, 15 mm for S. aures, S. typhimiurm    and E .coli  respectively. In respect to Effect of extract in minced cow the ruselts sho

This study was carried out to devise a local nutrient media for primary mycelium growth of two species of fungi belonging to the genus oyster mushroom Pleurotu snamed Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii using tissue culture or mycelium inoculation for reproduction and production. Different natural material was used for this purpose involved Cumin, onion, oatmeal, banana peel, date seeds, garlic, alfalfa, flowers of palm pollenin a concentration ranged from 10 to 40 g/ L.  The study was also focused on the effect of physical factors as temperatures and pH on growth rate of fungal mycelium. The results shown that the media prepared from cummins and onion powder

This research   aimed  at   explorivg   the  reality  of  environmental   agricultural  extension  system and visualiz  proposal to improve the quality agricultural  extension systemcontaining the environmental  agricltural  extension inputs , operations   outputs  and Continuou improvemen .The research community included the provinces of  the central regionof Iraq  8 Provinces &nbsp

The research aimed to conceiving a proposal for the management of the decentralization of agricultural extension system in the provinces of the central region of Iraq, and to identify the opinions of the respondents regarding the perception of the proposed, and to achieve the goals of the research a questionnaire of perception of the proposed of administration decentralization is designed in light of the literature related to the subject and expert opinions as well as specialists to form the initial image of the proposal. The proposed then introduced  to a group of experts in the field of administration and agricultural extension to solicit their views on the proposal visualization components (fields, axes, items) and valida

Three different calcareous rocks consist mainly of calcite C, dolomite D and its combination C,D were chosen. Rocks Samples Were treated with different concentration of salt Soluations, included CaCl₂ (0.2,0.05 molar) (applied to dolomite samples), MgCl₂ (applied to calcite samples), and combination of these two salts which applied for both (D-Dolomite and C-Calcite). Other samples from carbonate minerals were treated and incubated with FeSO₄.7H₂O and Fe-EDDHA at 20Mg^-1 mineral. These treated samples subjected to sequence of wetting and drying for 120 days under saturated CO₂ atmosphere. At the end of incubation period these samples were air dried and used

This study was conducted to investigate the early detection of date palm gender, the current study was conducted using some DNA markers technology using Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) and three molecular markers including Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), and Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) and Nested PCR. Results showed that RAPD primers used cleared different banding pattern. Fifty primers showed monomorphic bands while ten showed polymorphic bands for the two balks Males (MB) and females (FM). These primers showed 626 total bands in which 41 of them was polymorphic (6.54% polymorphism). OPD.10 primer gave the highest number of bands reached 118 bands and was the highest efficiency (18.85%). While the pri