A total of 58 Leuciscus vorax samples were collected from the Main Outfall Drain, inside the borders of the central Iraqi province of Al-Qadisiyah, throughout the extended period from the beginning of January to the end of December 2022. Several traditional fishing methods were adopted. The results indicated that the males ratio were 44.83% (26 individuals) of the total number, while the females were 55.17% (32 individuals), with the total gender ratio that was 1:1.23. Results indicated that the highest food activity was observed from August to November. The lowest was in February and December, at a level of 75. It was noted that the highest level of feed density was in October (14.71) and the lowest was in December (11)

The endosperm in cereals supplies nutrients to the developing kernel and seedling, and it is the primary tissue that gene imprinting occurs. Developing maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms were analysed for allelic gene expression in both reciprocal crosses of inbreds B73 and Mo17. A high-throughput transcriptome sequencing in kernels at 0, 3 up to 15 DAP of both reciprocals were performed, and found a gradual increased paternal transcript expression in 3 and 5 DAP kernels. Meanwhile, in 7 DAP endosperm, most of genes tested gave the ratio 2:1 maternal: paternal, suggesting that paternal genes are almost fully activated at 7 DAP. There were 300 PEGs and 499 MEGs identified across endosperm development stages. A 63 genes out of

This study was conducted in Diyala governorate/Iraq during wintering period of the sunn pest from Dece. 2016 to Feb. 2017. Three species of sunn pest was diagnostic. These species are Eurygaster integriceps (Puoton, 1881), E. testudinaria (Geoffory, 1785) and E .maura (len.1758).E .maura  was new species recorded to Iraq funna .E. integriceps is The most abundance of the three species hibernated  in the fields of the four region of Diyala governorate. The results showed that the three species of genus Eurygaster which diagnostic in Diyala governorate were overwintered as an adults under bushes ,dead leaves

The objective of this study to investigate the effect of magnetic field on water properties recirculating
aquaculture systems. This study is based on previous works reporting the positive effects of exposure
to magnetic field on water properties, plant growth, plant germination, livestock-drinking water, and
fish fertilisation. It was conducted against the backdrop of serious issues pertaining to water quality in
recirculating aquaculture systems, which negatively impact aquaculture species growth. First, this
work evaluates the effect of exposed to magnetic field intensities of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.10+0.15,
0.10+0.20, 0.15+0.20, and 0.10+0.15+0.20 T on water quality. The results showed significant (p < 0.05)
incre

This study was conducted in the Plant Protection Department-College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad for the period 2021-2022 with the aim of isolating and identification the pathogens that cause root rot and wilt disease on the Catharanthus roseus plant in different regions of Baghdad by morphological and molecular methods using PCR technique dependence on the ITS region. The results of sampling collection showed the spread of root rot and wilt disease on C. roseus plant in all the regions covered by the study in Baghdad (Al-Gurayat, Al-Sidiyah, Al-Khadhra, Al-Ghazaliya and

This research was performed during the 2021 seasons in private orchard located in Bara-Bhar-Duhok governorate to study the effect of soil application of chemical and Nano-NPK, foliar spray with chelated Nano-Zinc and their interaction on vegetative growth of Taifi and Kamali grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.). NPK (20:20:20) was added to the soil at five levels (0, 216 g.vine^-1, 324 g.vine^-1 chemical NPK, 3.24 and 6.48 g.vine^-1 Nano-NP (, chelated Nano-Zinc was added at three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg.l^-1). The results showed the superiority of the Taifi cultivar in traits of number of leaves per vine,

 The experiment was carried out to study some engineering factors for a locally manufactured machine, It cuts agricultural residues to make animal feed , in the workshops of the Agricultural Engineering Department/Faculty of Agriculture/Ain Shams University for the academic year 2021-2022. The effect of three-speed knives cutting speed (1000,1200,1400 rpm) and three-speed feeding speed (0.75,1,1.25 m/s) and the knife cutting angle with two angles (15°.30°) was studied at a knife clearance of 2.5 mm and a moisture content of 5.3%. With an electronic system with sensors to operate the machine and without. Among the technical indicators that have been studied are productivity, cutting power consumption, speci

This study aimed to identify the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet on growth performance and histopathological changes of the kidney and muscle tissues in Cyprinus carpio . A total of 300 fish with an average of weight 45±5 g, were randomly distributed into 15 plastic tanks, and were divided into five experimental groups; (group 1) served as control , fish fed  normal diet without solvent and AFB1, (group 2) positive control fish were fed with only solvent, and (groups 3-5) fish were fed diets containing 0.5, 1 and 2 mg AFB1/kg of feed, respectively. Results showed the negative effect for AFB1 on weight gain, average daily gain of fish. Histopathological changes of kidney and muscles

The aim of this research is to add various quantities of organic selenium with or without α-tocopherol to support growth and reduce oxidative stress. A total of 168 fingerlings of common carp Cyprinus carpio with an average weight of 31±2 g/fish were distributed in 24 glass aquariums. Fish were fed on eight different experimental diets, including a control, and a diet that contains 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8 mg/kg of organic selenium (2nd, 3rd and 4th diets) respectively. The fifth, sixth and seventh diets contained the same amounts of organic selenium with 300 mg/kg of α-tocopherol, but only α-tocopherol was added to the eighth diets. The results of a statistical analysis found that the use o

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of kaolin on hematological and biochemical profiles of common carp, Cyprinus carpio infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, A total of 180 of common carp were collected 40 g ; 60 fish were used to determine the median lethal dose LD₅₀ of A. hydrophila, )LD₅₀ was 1.57 × 10⁶ CFU/ml) for 15 days.  120 fish were randomly distributed into six treatment groups (10 fish/treatment in duplicate) as follows:  C- served as control negative group (without infection and treatment); C+ act as control positive group (infected with A. hydrophila but not treatment with Kaolin); T1, T2, T3 and T

A field experiment was carried out during spring and fall seasons of 2021 at the experimental field of Al-Hamidhyia research station -College of Agriculture - University of Anbar to investgate the effect of variety, soaking with atonik and seeding dates on yield and its components of sorghum. the experiment was carried out using RCBD, within split-split plots arrangement with 3 replications. The main plots included three seeding dates for spring season (15/3, 1/4 and 15/4) and three seeding dates for the fall season (1/7, 10/7 and 20/7), while sub plots included seeds soaking with three concentrations of Atonik(0, 2.5 and 5 mlL^-1), whereas the sub-sub plots included three varieties of Sorghum bicolor (Inqath, Lilo and

This study was aimed to identify the types of aerobic bacteria in individuals with gangrene. Among 106 swabs from the site of gangrene in diabetic individuals, the percentage of females was 37 (34.99%), and a male was 69 (65.1%). The highest percentage at age group 46-55 year was in male (33.33%) and 24.32% in females, while the lowest percentage at 15-25 year in female was (5.41%) while in male was zero. The mean age was 54 years among males and females. Out of 106 swabs, 76 different types of bacteria were isolated. The Gram-positive bacteria were dominant 42 (55.3%), the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus (57.1%), and the lowest was M

The objective of this research to investigate  the agricultural techniques used by farmers in reducing the losses of wheat and barley crops in the governorates of the central of Iraq. To achieve the research objectives, use descriptive approach, which is one of the research methods The eight governorates of the central region of Iraq were selected except of Salah al-Din and Anbar were excluded due to poor security conditions. Random sampleS of 50% were selected from three governorates covered (Najaf, Karbala, Babylon) with33, agricultural divisions (25%) and 8, agricultural divisions distributed over the governorates were covered by the research. A random sample of 1% of the wheat and barley farmers were selected in the agri

The current investigation was conducted at 2014-2015 to determine the influence of levels and periods of addition of organic matter on Zinc availability in Iraqi calcareous soil. Experiments were conducted as a field experiment in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) using four replicates. Wheat, Al-Rasheed variety was used as a test crop. The entire field was equally dived in two divisions. One of the two divisions was cultivated to wheat and the second was left uncropped. Effect of five levels of organic matter as a peat namely 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ton ha^-1 were determined. Soils were analyzed to determine its physical and chemical characteristics. Soil samples were collected after 3, 30, 60, 90,

Gypsiferous soils in Iraq are suffering from low fertility due to low levels of organic matter and limited availability of nutrients especially phosphorus (P). Therefore, two experiments were conducted to study the impact of combination of low cost phosphate rock (PR) and organic materials (OM) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and P status. The first experiment was an incubation experiment which was conducted to determine level of organic carbon (OC) required for the second experiment, this experiment was consisted of two factors the first was level of OC (as sheep manure) applied at nine levels viz: 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, and 0.60% of soil weight, the second factor was level of PR (0, 20, 40, and 60 mg P kg

The objective of this research was production, purification and characterization of  Bifidobrevicin-LHM from  Bifidobacterium breve isolated  from women breast Colostrum. The antibacterial activity of crude and purified Bifidobrevicin-LHM on Streptococcus.agalactiae were assayed, also investigated their effect on β-hemolysin activity which is purified from S.agalactiae in vitro .We developed an untried mouse model of acute S.agalactae pneumonia, biochemical, histopathological, microbiological, innate and specific immune response were determined. Purified and  crude Bifidobrevicin-LHM exhibited bactericidal  action against S.agalactiae isolates and its  β-hemolysin activity in vitr

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of protein in quails fed fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger (FPKC). Ninety six three-weeks-old female quails were raised in 16 cages with 60 x 60 x 40 in size of each and 6 quails each. Diets were formulated by yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal, fish meal, bone meal, premix, palm kernel cake and fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks as replications. The treatments were R0 = basal diet as a control diet, R1 = basal diet + 15 % FPKC, R2 = basal diet + 20 % FPKC, R3 = basal diet + 25 % FPKC. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight ga

The objectives of this research are to determine the optimal agricultural plane to achieve the optimum crop combination that maximizes the profits and the total and net agricultural income of the Al-Rasheed / Hamorabi Farm in Baghdad using L.P technique to reach the production volume that maximizes profit to choose the best plan and to increase the efficiency of the use of available resources at the farm level, to optimize the utilization of natural water resources and to protect them from the risk of attrition and to promote their use by deriving mathematical models for use in water needs assessment, including the application of an agricultural rotation to maintain soil fertility. The research has reached a numb

A field trial has been conducted at the fields of Agriculture College/ Salahaddin University- Erbil in order to evaluate the addition of some organic fertilizers to some wheat varieties and their susceptibility to attack by both corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis and wheat thrips, Haplothrips tritici with their predators. Three types of organic fertilizers (livestock manure, poultry manure + plant compost & plant compost) in a rate of (10 m³/ ha) and synthetic fertilizer (NPK) at (0.1 m³/ha) were applied into the soil. There were significant effects of organic farming on decreasing the population density of both

The objective of this study to investigate  meat production by steers of different genotypes. In order to study the productivity of Simmental and black and white Simmental x Holstein cross bred, steers, six groups of bull-calves with 15 animals each, were formed. The first group consisted of Simmental steers, the second group (3/8) blooded, the third group (1/2) blooded, the fourth group (5/8) blooded, the fifth group (3/4) blooded  and the sixth group (7/8)  blooded Holstein steers respectively. Under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance purebred Simmental animals grow more intensively. At 18-months of age they exceed (3/8) Holstein blooded bull calves by 6.2 kg, half blooded by 16.5 kg, (5/8) blooded by

A field experiment was conducted at Abu-Ghrib during 2013- 2014 season to study the effect of harrowing systems on the decomposition and fermentation on organic matter(OM) when added and mixed with the soil under special technology, as well as its effect on the growth parameters and productivity of (Zea mays L. 5018). The experiment was laid out using factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split-split design with three replications in SCL bare soil with a percent of moisture ranged from 16 – 18 %. The main plots were designated to the two systems of harrowing (Rotary Harrowand Disc Harrow ). The sub main plots were specified for two organic matters ( Sheep manure ,cow manure ) . Data were statistic

The study area is located in Wasit province, represented in Al-Souera about 60km south of Baghdad (464273.369- 463318.982) East and (3643443.734 - 3643798.3013) North. GIS technology was used to predict some of soil fertility parameters by using Kriging Application and to produce a final fertility map by standard method of assessment, building a database of soil characteristics in GIS environmental. The results showed: There were four classes of fertility assessment in the study area, very fertile soil class was not found because the study area did not contain the ideal state of the indicators used in soil fertility assessment. The fertile soil class in the study area was 7.53% from the total are

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of five concentrations of growth regulator of (0, 25 GA3, 50 GA3, 100 Salicylic acid, 150 Salicylic acid) mg.L^-1 and three types of preservative solutions on the vase life and water relations for Gladiolus hybrida L. after cut flower. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment (3×5) according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design, with three replicates. The results showed that GA3 (50 mg.L^-1) significantly excelled in relative fresh weight of 155.33%, absorbed water 59.00 g /flower /day, the lost water 32.99 g /flower /day, water balance 26.01 g /flower /day, vase life 16.96 days, dry weight of flowers 22

A stochastic frontier approach is used for analyzing of the environmental impacts of soil salinity in Iraq. An econometric method based on the neoclassical production theory (stochastic frontier analysis) is transformed to enable the definition and estimation of environmental efficiency of wheat production farms in irrigated areas in central Iraq. The study is based on a sample of 360 farms. Farms were divided into three sub groups according to the soil salinity level - low salinity, medium salinity, and high salinity. The empirical results indicate that farmers are broadly environmentally inefficient. Based on an improved input mix, the average potential environmental impact reduction for low, medium, and high salinity farms is

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using functional feed additives on egg production, hatchability and hematological traits of Japanese quails under hot weather condition. A total of 288 a day old of Japanese quail were allocated to six treatments with three replicates containing T0: control, T1: Optifeed® 500g/ton feed, T2: Oleobiotec®100g/ton feed, T3: Force®6 100g/ton, T4: VêO® premium 250 g/ton feed and T5: mixing of (Optifeed® 250g + Oleobiotec® 50g+ Force®6 (50 g)+VêO® premium 125 g

This study was conducted to produce xylose by acid hydrolysis from lignocellulose by product . The process of acid hydrolysis carried out using dilute H₂SO₄ to hydrolyze the available sources of  lignocellulosics  in Province of Wassit being (corn stover, rice husk, reed and wheat straw) ,wheat straw was selected as the best source for hemicellulose  (35)% as compared to the above mentioned sources. The hydrolysis  process included  two separated experiments ,acid hydrolysis of autoclaved and non- autoclaved wheat straw using the following reaction conditions  [(0.5, 1 and 1.5%) sulfuric acid solution, (1, 2 and 3hrs) hydrolysis time and (1:10, 1:15 and 1:20) solid to liquid rat

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the administration of oleobiotic to the drinking water of Japanese quails. Three different concentrations ofoleobiotic (0, 30 or 50 ml/1000L) were administrated in the drinking water and provided to the birds for 5 weeks. Throughout the five weeks experimental period, there was no significant effect of oelobiotic on the performance parameters including (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and FCR) of Japanese quail. The liver was heavier and there was a tendency of spleen to be heavier by rising levels of oleobiotic. Among the measured biochemical parameters of serum, the concentration of albumin increased in the birds that received the medi

Bacterial starter Lactobacillus plantarum at concentration of 5% was added to the pastarma which was manufactured by using buffalo meat at ratio of 3 meat: 1fat. The fermentation process was done at 37 C^o and relative humidity of 80-85% for 48 hours for each inoculated sample. After this process, spices and garlic were added, the pastrama was stuffed in natural covers. The pastrama was matured at 15-17 C^o and relative humidity degree of 75-80% for 3 weeks. This study was carried out for following effect of the bio preservation by using Lactobacillus plantarum in the buffalo meat pastarma the microbial tests of the meat mixture showed that the total count of microorganisms, coliform

In this study, soil samples were collected from two locations: Samawa and Rumetha in southern Iraq. The samples from each location were split into two datasets: calibration set and validation set. A representative soil sample for each location was chosen for application of 5 levels of potassium phosphate fertilizer in 3 replications. Vis-NIR reflectance (350-2500 nm) and GIS-Kriging were used in combination with Partial Least Square (PLS) to predict soil available P. According to the results of this study, three wavelength regions were reported as a main sensitive bands for soil available P. The best prediction ability was achieved for Rumetha location at 1400-1600 nm with an R² of 0.85, lowest RMSE of 1.405, and lowes

Ground wheat straw autoclaved and non-autoclaved (l0g) was treated with 6, 8 and 10%  sodium hydroxide of 1:10, 1:15 and1:20 mixing ratio for 1, 2 and 3hrs as reaction time. Results revealed a maximum value (18.79 %) of xylose were found in hydrolysate when autoclaved wheat straw was treated with 8% NaOH for 2hrs , whereas  the lowest value was (13.52) % when the non autoclaved wheat straw (  6% sodium hydroxide concentration , 1h reaction time  and 1:10 solid: liquid ) used. Also, results indicated that  the highest level of furfural (0.34) % was observed when 10 % sodium hydroxide  solution  over 3 hrs incubat