This experiment was carried out during season of 2020 and 2021 at Erbil governorate to study the forage and grain yield performance of three maize hybrids Zea mays L. as influenced by irrigation skipping at different times. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The irrigation treatments were located at the main plots, and the hybrids were distributed at the subplots. Highly significant effects of irrigation treatments were recorded for forage, grain yield and most of its components at both seasons and their average. The differences among hybrids were not significant for forage yield at both seasons. It was significant for grain yield as the average of both seasons only. The fr

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding three levels of concentrate 2%, 3%, and 4% with or without additives of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on the digestibility, feed efficiency, and daily gain of Shami goats. Twenty-four male goats were used aged 8-10 months with an initial weight 32.687 ± 1.52kg divided into six treatments in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design. Individual feeding was used for 70 days preceded by 14 days as an adaptation period. The results of increasing concentrate showed a non-significant increase in nutrients intake with superiority of NCG treatments and a significant increase (P<0.

A field experiment was conducted at the Field Crops Research Station of State Board of Agricultural Research at Abu Ghraib in spring 2015. Seven inbred lines of maize (IK8, ZP, W13R, H.S, IK58, ABS 5, ZP607) were used in this study, using Line x Tester analysis, to produced twenty F1 crosses. The parents and crosses were grown in fall season of 2015 using RCBD with three replicates to determine heterosis and general, specific combining ability effects and gene action. Significant differences were found among parental lines and their crosses for all the traits. The result were showed that the cross (IK8×  IK58) gave the highest hybrid vigor in grain yield (42.46%) and produced highest grain yield 214.7 gm.plant^-1.

Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at  Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate /  Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during  at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety (AL- Noor) with exotic

 Breeding program was conducted to develop new variety of popcorn (Noor) adapted to Iraqi environment during 2008 -2012 at  Al- Latifya Research Station /Agric. Res. Directorate /  Minsof Sci& Technology. The aim of this program was to develop new popcorn variety more adapted to Iraqi environment with best traits and high yield and popping expansion. Introduction and hybridization methods applied during  at the first stage among local variety AL-Safa and Syrian variety (Halab) and American variety (AMR-2). The Mass selection at later stage for five cycles respectively for new population that produced from hybridization. In fall season 2012 an experiment was conducted to compare new variety

This experiment was conducted at the Animal Production Department farm to the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, located at Jadreya during the period of 21 September 2015 to 24 February 2016 using Four Awasi rams aged 2-4 years and the average weight was 52 kg. Semen collection from rams was done twice weekly by using the artificial vagina to study the effect of using the lactoferrin protein as a replacement by the antibiotic in the semen for controlling the contamination of bacteria in the semen. Four treated groups were used, the control (normal antibiotic Streptomycin 100 mg\100ml Penicillin 100.000 IU / 100ml) , second ,third and fourth treatment groups was used a

Six inbred lines (Syn-1, MGW-3, S-165, Syn-22, Zm-9, M-17)  of maize (Zea mays L.) were used in this study using half diallel cross and developed 15 F₁ single crosses . The single crosses were crossed a ccording to Rawllings and Cookerham method and developed 45 double crosses . Seeds of double crosses were cultivated to study combining ability and gene action of the parent. The results showed highly sinificant differences for mean square of double crosses and for the some  traits . The double crosses (Syn-1* ZM-9)(MGW-3 * M-17) , (Syn-1 * ZM-9)(S-165 * Syn-22) , (MGW-3 *M17)(S-165 *Syn-22) , (Syn-1 *S-165)(MGW-3*Syn-22) (Syn-1 *S-165)(ZM-9* M17) and (MGW-3 * Syn-22)(ZM-9 *M-17) revealed highest spec

This experiment was carried out at the plant garden -Science Dep. of Sciences College of Basic Education, Almustansriyah Univ. the objective was to study the effect of Kinetin and Salicylic  acid at two  growth stages, using split–split plot design  with three replicates .Irrigative treatment (every 3,6,9 weeks) .and main plots , plant regulators (control, Kinetin spray and  Salicylic acid spray ) as sub plots, while,growth regulator spray stages(tillring initiation, flowers budinitiation sub-sub plots     The results were revealed, The Plants which irrigated every 3 and 6 weeks look long

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of field Crops Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad  during winter season  2012 – 2013 . The objective of this experiment was to know the effect of the residual on of sulfur in soil and NPK fertilizers on some growth, yield components and grain yield of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. , variety Abu – Ghraib 3. This experiment carried out , using factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicats . The first variable, influence of sulfur residual from last season (0 ,2 ,4 ,6) Mg. ha^-1 . The second var

Field experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of   Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas  fluorescens alone or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers interacted with four mineral fertilizer levels (zero , 25% , 50% , and 75%) of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity) , tow control treatments were used ,the first with out of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer  Significant ,effect of the addition of biofertilizer  supplemented with    minera

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacement of low density Lipoproteins (LDL) in different concentrations  ,exctracted fram egg yolk in the Tris diluents of the Holestion Freizan bulls semen after cooling and different cryopreservation periods . This study was done during the period From September/2014 to March/2015 and a two parts periods . First from September to November /2014 to done the extraction of the low density Lipoprotein which it have be succifully  done at the viruses Laportary  which belonge to the diagnosis department /state Board of the plant protection /Ministry of Agriclturd (Abu_Gruiab/west of Baghdad).The LDL extraction was done by a procedure with different steps from fre

The study was conducted for a period 120 days of metal floating cages were used 2.25 × 2.25 × 1.5 m dimensions, for breeding two types of carp fish and common carp Cyprinus carpio.L and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix rate of 240 fish (120 common carp +120 Silver carp) for each treatment in three replications, and made laboratory four diets with obrocana content of between 27.83% and 28.52% and energy between 439.39 and 445.68 Kilusarh/100 g as it was the bush first free any addition treatment called the second control and treatment contained vitamin E (500 mg/kg) and third-treatment contained linseed oil by 1% and the treatment represented a fourth of all oil and vitamin mentioned the same proportions

This study was designed to study the capacitation of caudal spermatozoa in vitro by different levels of heparin, estrogen for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in the Iraqi local sheep. Results of sperm capcitation (massive motility percentage) by applying three levels of heparin (50, 100, 150) IU in relation to breeding season showed no significant differences during breeding season with the three levels, which were (82.23 ± 0.58), While results by applying the higher level of heparin (150) IU out of breeding season showed significantly (P<0.05) more and active motility Which were (62.07 ± 0.62) than the other levels (56.85 ± 0.61). At the same time applications result of three estrogen levels (20, 40, 60) mg

This study was aimed to investigate the trophic status of the marshes by phytoplankton diversity. The Phytoplankton community and four biodiversity indices were studied in Auda marsh southern Iraq in the period between January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 146 species were identified belonging to 8 classes as follows: Bacillariophyceae (85 taxa), Euglenophyceae (26 taxa), Cyanophyceae (16 taxa), Chlorophyceae (11 taxa), Mediophyceae (3 taxa), Coscinodiscophyceae (2 taxa), Conjugatophyceae (1 taxa), Trebouxiophyceae (1 taxa), and  Dinophyceae (1 taxa). The most predominant diatom was Nitzschia (15 species), and followed by the other genera Phacus (11 species), Navicula  and Euglena

 Four aphid species belonging to the Tribe Fordini (Homoptera, Aphididae,  Eriosomatinae) induce galls on Pistacia trees in North Iraq (Kurdistan) were recorded in this study. Molecular phylogeny of Iraq Fordini species was constructed for These species (Forda riccobonii, Paracletus  cimiciformis, Baizongia pistaciae and Forda marginata), based on sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI)  gene of these aphid species to detect  the relationship and taxonomy of  Iraqi species for tribe Fordini. Our results confirmed that each of Forda and Paracletus are a sister genus, or monophyletic group by designing in same clade, while B. pistaciae

This study was aimed to extract the effective material from the dry nests of termites and detect its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial isolates and inhibit synthesis of its biofilm. Termites dry nests were collected and the effective material was extracted then the antibacterial activity was detected using the disc diffusion assay. Results were showed that the extract have antibacterial material from the Termites dry nests, this extract showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) at (21.5mm) and Gram negative bacteria ( Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at (26 mm and 20 mm) respectively by inhibiting their growth, as well as its

This study was conducted at the different geographical regions at the north of Iraq; during the field trips, many samples of individuals of two genera Valeriana L. and Valerianella Miller were collected. The fruits of specimens morphologically have been inspected, and some parts of fruits were anatomically examined by paraffin method, from both studies the diagnostic characteristics of fruits were determined. This study was proved the morphological characteristics of significance within genera and species levels, while anatomical features had a large role in separation between the two studied genera, it was proved that the cross-sectional outlines of fruits played a significant role in delimiting among species o

Herbicides are much more than just chemicals to control weed plants, and they can also influence the ecosystems. So, it is necessary to choose new herbicide with low active ingredients in order to reduce environmental issues, as well as control weed plants. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency and to compare two herbicides containing similar active ingredients, Chevalier WG and Atlantis OD, as they contain metsufuron-methyl and iodosufuron-methyl sodium at different rates. Chevalier contains 30 g/l of each active ingredient; whilst Atlantis OD has 10 g/l of metsulfuron-methyl and 2 g/l of iodosufuron-methyl sodium. The results showed that all treatments significantly were active to control the weeds in both

A field trials was carried out during winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 at Field Crops Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad / Jadriyah to study the effect of organic fertilizers of plant source (compost) on yield and it's components of linseed cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged according to split plots used with three replicates. The trials included four weed sources organic fertilizer {Malva rotundifolia L., Eichhronia crassipes (Mart) Solms, Glycyrrhiza glabara L. and Silybum marianum L.} and NPK chemical fertilizer (90 Kg N ha^-1, 120 Kg P ha^-1 and 80 Kg K ha^-1

This study was aimed to assess the data collected from the Iraqi North forests of Atrush, for reporting the urban forests and their status in many locations with different scales and ranges. This process was carried out by using up-to-date technology. Such technology included the economic scopes of the evaluation ecosystem, by i-Tree Eco evaluation, and the US Forest Service which helps out in such a program. The evaluation included the total carbon storage of 41 species of trees, and it was found that 27.78 t of those trees in which the value of $ 4743608.35 had an amount of gross carbon sequestration rate of 0.63 t /year and a value of $107.576.431.These results indicated that carbon storage within those trees of different species inve

The current study  was carried out at the Fields belongs of Horticulture  Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriyah for the spring season 2016 -2017 to study the effect for  inoculation mycorrhizae and  folair application  with bio stimulators and their interaction in the growth characters of  (local okra  ptera). A factorial experiment  (2  in randomized complete block design (RCBD), the experiment included (12) treatment  Distributed  in three  replicates. The three factors used in this experiment included . The inoculation with control (C) Mycorrhizae  ( M ) , Biozyme  (B ) ( B1 2cm

Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides (LDH) as highly effective clay adsorbents coating activated carbon derived from agricultural waste (AW) were prepared by activation of date palm leaf base (LB) synthesized on Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides. FTIR, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the obtained adsorbent for the copper removal from aqueous solutions. The evaluation of adsorption performances was carried out at various metal concentrations, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm model showed a good compliance with the experimental data, the result demonstrated that the improving adsorption capacity and fast rating adsorption for Cu²⁺ resulted from successful in

The aim of this study was extraction of jojoba oil using different solvents. A mixture of water-hexane and water-ethanol are used as solvents to extract jojoba oil in a batch extraction process and compared with a pure solvent extraction process. The effects of particle size of crushed seeds, solvent-to-water ratio and time on jojoba oil extraction were investigated. The best recovery of oil was obtained at the boiling temperature of the solvent and four hour of extraction time. When seed particle size was 0.45 mm and a pure ethanol was used (45% yield of oil extraction), whereas, it was 40% yield of oil at 25% water- hexane mixture. It was revealed that the water-ethanol and water-hexane mixtures have an effect on the oil extrac

This study was aimed to found out the type of  bacterial species grown on the surface of date palm tissue culture media. Shoot tips of date palm (Barhi cv.) were cultured on MS media supplemented with various combinations of hormones. During  growth an infection was appeared in all cultures with gray colour. Primarily identification, proved  a bacterial infection due to its colour and appearance. The genus Arthrobacter was isolated Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to ciprofloxacin,Trimethoprim, and Amikacin and resistant  to Clarithromycin,Ceftriaxone and Gentamycin. Sequence analysis of 16 rRNA indicated a new isolates   were closely related to the  

Water pollution with toxic heavy metals represents a most important problem, as a result of releasing these metals to ecological ambient without treatment, leading to their persistence and non-biodegradation. A variety of traditional methods are utilized as an attempt to remove heavy metals from waste water, but still without making any actual progress. In present work Eichhorniacrassipes (water hyacinth) root and  shoot powder ,and ash case with chitosan  are used as a removal system for  heavy metals (HM), including lead, copper and  cadmium from waste water via biosorption process .It  was carried out by using two different experimental conditions: (i) heavy metal concentration (1000 ppm), wit

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the period 2010-2019. That was to evaluate bread wheat seeds stored in spikes in their field emergence and seedling vigour. Seeds, of stored spikes were compared with naked seeds, treated with cruise and untreated. All three treatments of seeds were grown in the laboratory and traits of days to last day of emergence, days to emerge, % of emergence, and other trails were recorded. Seeds of stored with thein spikes gave better values in days to last day of emergence, days of emergence, percent of emergence, length of plumule, seedlin

In order to investigate the effect of no tillage compared with the conventional cultivation and phosphorus fertilization (100, 200 and 300 kg ha^-1) P₂O₅ to the weeds grown in the sunflower field variety Aqmar, a field trial was conducted at the experimental farm (alternative site of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad) Abu- Ghraib during the spring and fall seasons of 2015. the experiment was carried –out by using R.C.B.D. with in split-split arrangement. The results revealed that un ploughed and un weedy treatments had the lowest means of the dry weight and seeds yield. The results, also revealed a significant increase in the weed density, weed dry weight, seeds yield and its componen

Hybrid vigour is one of the most important phenomena became in practice all over the world for its higher performance in maize and several other genera of crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. There is no single theory explains this phenomenon. The only general rule known about having hybrid vigour is that crossing between two genetically diversed inbreds. Epigenomics is thought to be involved in hybrid vigour. However, exact timing of maternal and paternal genomes after fertilization of the endosperm is still not totally understood. It is still believed that the ratio of maternal to paternal gene expression through endosperm development is 2m:1p. The diverged methylation level of the crossed inbreds could be involved in hybrids of

Lotus garcinii is a new additional plant species to papilionaceae family in flora of Iraq for the first time found at Al-Imsad Dam region (South of Rutba) of Western Desert District (DWD) from Iraq. The species was collected in spring season of 2017 and 2018, preserved in National Herbarium of Iraq(BAG) with the numbers 59780, 59781 and 59782. The identification of the species was confirmed by using some Flora of the neighboring countries for Iraq, taxonomic treatment was done, and some distinguishing characters are given.

In the current study, three types of common plants, namely Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Orange (Citrus sinensis) were obtained and screened for their polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, Among the three plants, Solanum lycopersicum was chosen with maximum enzymatic activity, it had the highest productivity of the enzyme (23733 U/mg protein).The PPO from Solanum lycopersicum