A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming and planting dates on the growth of two soybean cultivars. This study was conducted during the summer seasons 2022 and 2023 at the fields of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) split-split plot arrangement was employed, with three replicates and three factors. The main factor included planting dates (1/6, 15/6, and 1/7), the second factor included two soybean cultivars (Lee 74 and Shaimaa), and the third factor included seed priming treatments (Gibberellic acid, KCl, and seaweed extract as well as two control treatments (soaking with distilled water and dry seeds). The results showed the superior

The current study investigated the effect of Conocarpus erectus leaf meal on nutrient digestibility and cecal microbial quantification of broilers. A total of 48 Ross 308 chickens at 30 days old with similar body weights were randomly allocated into four treatments with 4 replicates of 3 birds each. The Conocarpus erectus leaf meal was supplemented to the basal diet at four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). The diets were offered to the birds ad libitum for four days, after that the birds were slaughtered at 35 days old. Birds fed the diet containing 2 % Conocarpus erectus leaf meal reported significantly higher digestibility of crude protein, dry matter, and ash than other treatment die

This study aimed to enhance food security in Jordan by improving meat quantity and quality in Awassi sheep through introducing two economical genomic mutations; FecB and CLPG. In this study, a group of 209 Awassi ewes were involved in the study where 10 heads were distributed to each collaborated farmer, then Half of the  ewes were inseminated with mutations Carrier’s rams, while the other half was inseminated with rams carrying the CLPG mutation, After the lambing season, a genomic DNA extraction and genotyping process (FRLP) for the newborns was conducted and revealed successful introgression of the mutations, resulting in lambs carrying either the FecB or CLPG mutations. Our results sho

This study was aimedto characterize by using two genetic groups of chickens, which were Kurdish indigenous chickens (KK) and commercial Super Harco chickens which bred particularly for dualpurpose (SS),Four combinations were produced by diallel crossing between the two genotypes which are (KK, KS, SK, and SS).. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GH genes were identified between genotypes. Additionally, assessment oftheir belong to genotypes relationships with growth efficiency (body weight (BW) at hatching and 3,6,9, 12 weeks of age was carried on. The four genotypes were detected by using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques by specific primers and rest

This study was aimed to determine the optimal conditions for removing total salinity from an aqueous solution of known salt concentration 10% using four new bacterial strains that are tolerant to high salinity genetically diagnosed and registered in the international gene bank (NCBI). Modified nutrient broth medium (MNB) was used with the addition of 10% sodium chloride. The ability of the bacterial strains to remove total salinity was tested in terms of the decrease in total dissolved solids (TDS), where the highest removal rate was after 72 hours, at a temperature of 30°C, with an inoculum volume of 1.5% and a pH of 7. The removal rates were higher in static cultures in the same conditions compared to using the vibrating incubator at

Soil color a basic quality of assessing pedogenesis and climatic effects hence, may provide valuable insight into soil properties and may serve as a distinctive and straightforward measurable climatic indicator. In this study, surface horizons samples were sampled at depth 0-30 cm by using an auger in ten provinces of Iraq where the climate conditions are different. Although the different physicochemical properties such as (Soil Texture pH, EC, O.M. CEC, CaCO₃) were identified in the lab section, the Munsell Soil Color Book was applied in the field to identify the soil color.  The result showed a rise in (pH, O.M., CEC, CaCO₃, Fe_d, Clay) based on the color indices BWR, TR₁, and TR₂

The objective of this study is to identify and quantify perfluorinated substances in different ready-to-eat foods found in the local markets of Baghdad Governorate. The emphasis is placed on these substances due to their extensive use in paper and cardboard packaging materials and the consequential health effects. The analysis utilized liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection equipped with electrospray ionization. The values recorded for perfluorinated materials in samples of crispy chicken and french fries were (2.41 and 4.94) micrograms, respectively. As for samples of kebab, pizza, and cake, they were (5.14, 5.80 and 7.32) micrograms, respectively, and samples taken from stored ice cream (15-30–45) days record

The Bekhma Dam was once proposed as a massive solution to Iraq’s growing water challenges. But after decades of political delays, environmental concerns, and engineering complications, it remains incomplete. Instead of waiting for a project of such scale, this study explores more flexible and sustainable options. Using historical discharge data from the Eski Kalak Gauge Station, machine learning (XGBoost) was applied to project future water availability under changing climate conditions. The model showed a clear downward trend in discharge, indicating a dominant dry pattern in the coming decades and reinforcing the urgency of adaptive planning. In response, four upstream dam sites were identified through GIS and DEM analysis an

The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the polymorphisms of A, B, C, D and E of the apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) gene with some traits (daily and total weight gain rate and feed conversion rate and efficiency) in 70 samples of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). There were significant differences in the growth traits of the genotypes A, B, C and D of the apolipoprotein A-1 gene compared to the genotype E. The results showed that the genotype C was significantly superior (p≤0.05) in the daily and total weight gain rates and reached the highest value of 0.56 and 39.42 g/fish, respectively, while the genotype E decreased to the lowest value of 0.14 and 9.50 g/fish, respectively. On the other hand, the f

This experiment was carried out in one of the orchards of Diyala on grape vines, during two seasons 2022 - 2023, to study the effect of adding bacterial and fungal biofertilizers , vermicompost fertilizer, and foliar applied mineral fertilizer NPK on growth and production traits on cv. Halawani grape trees. The experiment was carried out a randomized complete block design within a split plot and three factors with three replicates, using 72 trees. The first factor included the addition of biofertilizers which included: without inoculation (M0), inoculation with 400 g of fungi (M1).Inoculation with 200 g of bacterial (M2) and inoculation with both bacteria and fungi (M3). The second factor included the addition of organic fertilizer with

This study aims to examine impact of monetary policy indicators on the agricultural foreign trade in Iraq. In addition, it seeks to examine the causal relationship between these indicators and analysis of the short and long-term effects of economic indicators (exchange rate, inflation rate, wide money supply, and interest rate) on agricultural foreign trade in Iraq for the period 1990-2021. The researcher used econometric analysis using the modern ARDL co-integration methodology. The results showed that the exchange rate had a negative multiplier effect on agricultural exports, reaching (-0.004) at a 2% significance level, and that annual inflation had a negative impact on agricultural exports, reaching (-0.004) at a level of significanc

Dust storms are a common phenomenon in desert and semi-desert areas, they arise when the wind blows and has the ability to soil grains transfer particles from the Earth's surface and carry them over distances determined by the wind speed and the size of the particles, when this occurs Winds with a speed between (7-8) of per second and at a height of one meter have the ability to can erode soil and transport it over long distances through wind erosion. However, the geography of the study area distant from desert regions, but it is affected by global environmental changes, like most other regions of the world. Erbil city experiences the phenomenon of dust storms, to measure the amount of dust deposition in Erbil, a special glass su

This work uses Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, particularly ArcMap, to address the serious environmental issue of methane (CH4) leaks from the Kane Qrzhala waste dumping site Sub district in Erbil City, at latitudes 36°10'23"- 36°52'25" N and longitudes 43°35'32"- 44°23'43" E. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze methane concentrations in the neighborhood of the dumping site, offering significant data for environmental monitoring and mitigation techniques. "This study employs an integrated approach combining spatial data and satellite imagery. Methane emission levels were extracted from two publicly accessible platforms: earth.jpl.nasa.gov and dataspace.copernicus.eu.”, and ground measurements to map

The present study was designed to select a suitable isolate of Lactobacillus sp. in order to use it as a probiotic in a toothpaste for the prevention of dental disease. For this purpose, 30 Lactobacillus isolates were collected from different sources and subjected to a screening program to evaluate their antagonism activities against three oral pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus mutans. Eight Lactobacillus isolates were selected from primary screening according to their ability to inhibit the growth of three indicators which then exposed to a secondary screening to detect their ability to produce high amount of bacteriocin. Based on results, th

This study was aimed to test four types of different plants for the purpose of selecting the optimal plant as a source of the amylase enzyme, including wheat, barley, rice, and potatoes. Among these plants, wheat was selected as the best plant source for enzyme extraction because it possessed the highest effectiveness of the enzyme specific activity (3.0 U/mg protein). Furthermore, sodium acetate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.0) was determined to be the optimal extraction buffer with a 1:5 (w:v) ratio after 75 min, and it provided 68 U/mg protein. The enzyme was concentrated with sucrose before being purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-150. The results demonstrated a 1.8-fold increases in final purification folds wit

This study was conducted at the poultry farm , Animal Production Department , Shatrah Technical Institute / Southern Technical University for the period from 13/11/2020 to 25/12/2020 (42 days), to find out the effect of improving the nutritional value for water hyacinth leaves (WHL) fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (Sc) and fermented with Iraqi probiotic at different levels and its effect on the productive performance of broilers chickens. In the experiment, 300 day old unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were. The chicks were fed on a starter ration for 1-21 days of age and a finisher  ration form 22-42 days of age. The birds were randomly distributed in to 10 treatments, with 3 replicates for each treatme

This study aimed to investigate the taxonomical relationship among eight species belonging to Asteraceae based on natural products as fresh leaves of eight species (Carthamus tinctorius L., Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex Spreng., Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl., Senecio glaucus L., Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, and Sonchus tenerrimus L.) have been collected from different regions of Baghdad. The phytochemical screening of hexane extracts from eight plants showed different se

The aim of this study is to investigate the economic feasibility of paper recycling factories in Iraq by studying the technical, marketing and financial feasibility to establish a paper-recycling factory in Najaf Governorate and to show the importance of these projects in achieving sustainable efficiency as well as achieving economic efficiency. The expected investment and operating costs were estimated and then the economic profitability criteria were adopted in addition to conducting a sensitivity analysis and determining the break-even amount. The research hypothesis was proven, which confirms that there is an economic, an environmental and marketing feasibility for paper waste recycling projects, as it was found that the proj

The current study aimed to determine the effect of adding mixture of dried dill (Anethum gravelens) powder at levels 0.2 % with yogurt to the quail diet on the productive and physiological characteristics of male and female quails. The experimental birds were divided into four treatments, and each treatment was divided into three replicates, with 8 birds for each replicate. The results showed a significant superiority of quail birds in the fourth treatment in the body weight at 42 days (210.08±3.34 g/bird), carcass weight (125.50±1.9 g/bird), highest value of HDL (14.50 ± 0.33 mg/dL) and the number of white blood cells (123.21 ± 5.66100/µL). While the birds of the second treatment excelled in the hemoglobin ratio in

Tumors of pineal gland are very rare brain lesion in the rats and other species like humans. Neoplasms of pineal gland should be included in the possible differential diagnosis list for brain tumor, This type happened when the tumor is sited in the pineal body region. Research scientific investigation of pineal glands of rats being of important from the scientific point view, Transmission electron microscopic study of old and young rats was done to study the pineal gland associated with aging, these  changes characterized by presence of fat like droplet in cytoplasm. Furthermore in the terminal end pinealocytes which were synapsis like associated with the presence of core vesicles containing neurotransmitter like in consiste

The main objective of this study is to compute margin of safety of hiring decision of agricultural machinery services in Iraq. A cost-volume-profit analysis by using breakeven point technique has been followed to find out the margin of safety by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf province. Results showed that the break-even point for different types of original agricultural field machinery were 427, 6.5, and 221 hours for tractor and machinery of soil preparation, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, respectively, while the values of break-even point for different types of used agricultural field machinery were 309, 10, and 319 hours for tractor, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, in that order. Resul

This study was conducted at the college of agriculture – Al-Qasim Green University to investigate the effect of breed and age of dams on several growth traits of two sheep breeds, including 123 Iraqi Awassi and 78 Iranian Karakul breeds. Variables growth traits were examined in the present study, namely body weight (BW), body length (BL), wither height (WH), rump height (RH), and chest circumference (CC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Results indicated the absence of a significant effect between both breeds in all investigated growth traits in birth. Meanwhile, a significant (P<0.05) superiority of Karakul over Awassi was detected in month-3 in three growth traits (BW, WH, and RH), and in month-6, in four growth traits (BW, WH,

This study was conducted to investigate the potential therapeutic of flumazenil and neostigmine in single and combination in Balb-C mice subjected to ivermectin acute oral toxicity. Ivermectin-poisoning dose was considered the half dose of LD₅₀ that computed in current study as 20.9 mg/kg BW. A total of 24 male Blub-C mice were divided randomly into four equal treatment groups and administered ivermectin-poisoning dose (10 mg/kg BW) and treated as follows: control group (C), treated orally with distilled water; neostigmine-treated group (NT), treated i.p. with 60 µg/kg BW of neostigmine; flumazenil-treated group (FT), treated i.p. with 7 µg/kg BW of flumazenil; and combination-treated group (CT), treated i.p. with 30

The study was conducted to find out the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder at different levels on the productive and reproductive performance of local quail. About ninety female local quail were used. The quails were divided into six groups (control, standard diet + 3% lipid, standard diet + 2% powder garlic, standard diet + 2% powder garlic + 3% lipid, standard diet + 4% powder garlic, and standard diet + 4% powder garlic + 3% lipid). A higher significance (p≤0.05) in egg weight (11.69 g/egg), feed intake (2977.13 g/week), hen day egg production (92.48 %), and egg mass (10.62) was recorded of quail eating (4% powder garlic). The results show the significant (p≤0.05) superiority of quails fed 4% of garlic

Agriculture is a biological industry with highly vulnerable to natural factors, so the cultivation of wheat crop is very risky in lands, characterized by high levels of soil salinity, leading to high risk and uncertainty component. For this Al-MOTAD model has been adopted to analysis the risk. The research depends on a random sample composed of 590 farmers, representing eight agricultural sectors from agricultural cultivation Wasit Directorate. The Basic Plan for linear programming been designed , and then built al MOTAD model for risk, after nine plans to al MOTAD model  represent different levels of degrees of risk posed by the average total absolute deviations A, with levels of income E, until it reached the degree of ris

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third

This research aims to, analyze and estimate marketing margins and the relative importance of some vegetable crops in the province of Baghdad and then estimate the product share and wholesaler and retailer of consumer Iraqi dinars spent boil vegetable crops studied Results of the study showed that the margin catalog crops fresh vegetables varies from time to harvest as it was about 316 dinars Tomato and 315 for the option of water and 421.3 dinars eggplant and 448.5 dinars potato and 425.5 dinars onions dry.  How much the product share of consumer spending was about %58.3 and tomatoes %59.7 of the option and water %52.3 of the eggplant and %56.2  and potatoes 49.8% of dry onions. The share of the  w

The number of fungal isolated in this research were 48 fungal isolates that isolated from plant, agricultural and animal waste from three different regions outside Baghdad, and three different regions in Baghdad, screening 24 cellulolytic isolates fungi, which were obtained 8 isolated fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichoderma harzanium, Trichoderma viride, Chladosporium ssp, Alternaria ssp, mycelia asterilia (1), Metarhizium spp and mycelia asterilia (2). Capable of producing bio-alcohol with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation without using the yeasts in fermentation methods

The knowledge of the composition of urban wastewater discharges is an essential parameter to ensure the relevance of the choice and sizing of appropriate treatment systems to guarantee the quality objectives of the receiving environments. The results obtained allowed us to calculate the daily production per capita of physical, hydrocarbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, specific to the study area. The values of the ratios calculated are : 30.02 g/IE/d for SM, 66.64% less than the reference discharge, i.e., 90 g/IE/d; 33.97 g/IE/d for BOD5, 43.38% less than the reference discharge, i.e., 60 g/IE/d

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Dept. of Field Crop, Coll. of Agriculture of Engineering Sciences, University of  Baghdad, Al-Jadiriya, Iraq during the winter seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, to study the effect of brassinolide on some vegetative growth traits of  the bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. variety Rasheed by determining the best soaking periods and the spraying stage to production efficiency. A split plot arrangements were carried out according to RCBD design with three replicates, where the main plots contained three soaking periods of brassinolide (concentration 1 mg L^-1 ) 6,12,18 hours, as