This study was aimed to reveal the variation land surface temperature "LST" with some characteristics of desert soils in the Samawa desert at Al-Muthanna province, and to adopt solutions and treatments by identifying factors and indicators that have a direct impact to desertification, by  using geographic information systems mapping for spatial distribution  Some physical and chemical properties  were selected. . the result showed that there was a statistical relationship between LST and the physical characteristics, as it was revealed that the comparison of sand and silt content with the land surface temperature "LST" . There is a significant relationship with the determination coefficient of R²=0.6. The chemical properties, the results showed that there was a significant connection between the electrical conductivity with the land surface temperature with a coefficient of determination R²=0.5 and an It was also observed that there is a significant relationship between the land surface temperature and the temperature measured in the field with a determination coefficient R²=0.6.