Toxins produced from bacteria constitute promising antitumor agents in treating different cancer types. Exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the highly toxic virulence component that bind to specific cell receptors. This study aimed to purify Exotoxin A from clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 150 bacterial isolates were taken from clinical samples (burn and wounds) and were screened on selective media and identified as P. aeruginosa using biochemical analysis and molecular test by PCR amplification technique utilizing specific primer 16srRNA. Exotoxin A produced from P. aeruginosa were screened and purified by two steps

This study was aimed to demonstrate the spatial changes of Mosul Lake using change detection Techniques. Water bodies, an integral part of the Earth's hydrological cycle, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs, have a major effect on climate change and global warming. one of the most imperative vital activities in Iraq for the administration of its water resources is Mosul Dam Lake. The lake has changed in the water surface due to the severe anthropogenic activities, climate change, the monthly inflows received from the Tigris River, and the controlling of water imports by neighboring countries, and the territorial policy. Remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information Syste

This study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Prodigiosin pigment which in turn produced from particular environmental bacteria isolates Serratiamarcescensas a stabilizing and reducing agent. Additionally, the synthesis conditions were precisely taken into consideration as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C alongside a concentration of prodigiosin of 12 mg/ml with 5mg precursor of zinc acetate in deionized distilled water (DDW) 50ml. Biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles have presented many applications such as catalysis, biosensing, anticancer, and biomedical, etc. The optimum condition for ZnO biosynthesis was characterized through several techniques such as UV-

This study was conducted at the poultry farm Animal Production Department, Abu Ghraib , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during theperiod from 10/31/2020 to 12/11/2020. to study the effect of adding two different levels of artichoke  leaves extracts powder to the diet and for different periods  to rations on the productive performance of broiler chickens.One hundred thirty five unsexedcommercial hybrid broiler chicks (Ross 308), oneday old, 42.47 g/  its initial body weightwere used in this experiment, The birds were randomly distributed among three treatments, each treatment contained 45 birds, with three replicates, and each replicate contained 15 birds. The chicks of the first

The objective of this study was to investigate association between FecG^H-GDF-9 gene polymorphism and litter size in Hamdani fat-tailed sheep. The genomic DNA was extracted from eighty-seven blood samples of Hamdani ewes. The FecG^H-GDF-9 locus was detected by PCRs, and identified DNA genotyped by DNA sequencing. The evaluate several parameters included fertility (%), conception (%), letter size at birth, twining rate (%), triple rate (%), barrenness (%) and productivity (%) were measured and arrived 91.95, 95.40, 1.825, 150, 11.25, 8.05 and 159.77, respectively. The blast tree view results in NCBI blast show Hamdani sheep is more closely to Norway white face sheep, Han sheep and Pelibuey Sheep breeds which ha

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of eta, etb and etd genes among clinical isolates of S. aureus. 91 isolates of the bacterium were isolated from different clinical sites during the period from 2019 to 2020 from Baghdad hospitals, all the isolates were diagnosed by different biochemical tests and molecular method (PCR) using nuc gene. the PCR technique was used to detect eta, etb and etd genes among the isolates, the results showed that  91(100%) of the isolates were have nuc gene. while, 83 ( 91.2%) of the isolates at least carrying one of the ET genes; 20 (22%) , 0 (0%) and 63 (69.2%) of the 91 isolates expressed et

Guar gum galactomannan is a common polysaccharide isolated from the legume plants Cyamopsis tetraganoloba. Guar gum derivatives are widely used in many industrial fields. In this work, a method for obtaining a new derivative of guar gum, galactomannan butyl ether, is considered. The introduction of the butyl group into the structure of galactomannan was proved by IR spectroscopy, by the appearance of absorption bands in the regions corresponding to the vibrations of the –C – O – C–, CH₂ and CH₃ groups. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was shown that in the process of obtaining butyl ether of galactomannan, the structure is amorphous. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy, the p

The study was aimed to evaluate the marketing efficiency of dry Onion crop in Salah al-Deen, as estimate the impact of some quality and quantity factors in the efficiency of marketing process of crop using Tobit regression model. The average marketing efficiency of the research sample was 71.3686%. The marketing margins differed according to the marketing channel followed in marketing the crop. The qualitative and quantitative variables in the model are productivity, family size, distance from the market, educational level. The estimated model revealed that a variable productivity is the most important and influential in marketing efficiency, followed by the variable of the distance between the farm and the market, then the varia

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of earthworms after their decomposition on yeast growth. To achieve this objective, in vitro crude soluble extracts were prepared from two earthworms lots: freshly harvested from the field “FHE” and the other previously starved for one week “SE”. The dry residues of these two crude extracts were used at different concentrations as a solid media for the growth of two yeast species: one “Candida tropicalis” got from another laboratory and the other was isolated by our team from earthworms’ casts “Filobasidium uniguttulatum”, and their growth was evaluated by colonies counting. The results obtained, compared with the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (

The present study carried out to comparative between usage of killed vaccine of Escherichia coli with aromatic oils or alone against infection of broiler with pathogenic E.coli for this purpose two hundred broiler chicks were collected and randomly divided into four groups. Each group contained fifty chicks, food and drink for all groups ad libitium. The experimental groups were treated as follows: G1 vaccinated with the killed E. coli vaccine through subcutaneous injection dose 0.5 ml (3×10⁷ CFU/ml )in day five old and received Digestarom^® P.E.P sol. in drinking water 6 ml/100L from one day old until end of trial. G2 vaccinated with killed E. coli only

This study  was aimed recording the prevalence rates of the Cryptosporidium spp. and identify its species in buffalo at Babylon province by using microscopic (flotation and staining) and molecular technique to examined (100) buffalo fecal samples collected randomly from different sexes, ages, and regions, during the period from the beginning of October 2019, to end of March 2020. The percentage of infection with the Cryptosporidiosis was 40% by using the microscopic method, while, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) technique showed the infection rate was 61%, and according to age groups, recorded higher infection 77.5% at (≤6) months age group, followed by age group (>6 -1

The experiment was conducted during 1/4/2020-7/31/2020 to study the effect of adding high levels of nano-zinc oxide with the diet to induce force molting in laying hens by measuring some productivite traits. Eighty laying hens, 69 weeks old were used, randomly divided into four treatments, five replicates for each treatment using CRD.  Experimental treatments were: first treatment (T1), second treatment (T2), third treatment (T3) and fourth treatment (T4), which means control treatment without molting, adding 10, 15, and 20 gm of nano-zinc oxide / kg feed respectively. Results showed significant decreases (P<0.01) in egg production and almost ceased  in the 2nd and 3rd week after start molting. Egg production increas

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of each of olive leaf extract (OLE) and thyme leaf extract (TLE) and their combination in some physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristic of lamb patties stored either at 4c° for 12 days or at -18c° for 120 days. Results revealed that there are a steady rise (p<0.01) in oxidative rancidity, microbial count and free fatty acid in control and treated samples with increasing time in both storage periods. Also, a significant (p<0.01) reduction in TBA, microbial count and free fatty acid was observed in samples treated with OLE, TLE and their combination. Moreover, it was found that addition of 1% OLE and 1% OLE +0.05%TLE are more effe

There is growing interest among farmers to locally produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread making and meet the demand of local artisanal bakers in Kentucky. The warm and humid weather in southeast region is ideal for soft red winter wheat (SRW) production which characterized by low protein content. The technique of splitting nitrogen (N) fertilization according to the growth stages has been suggested to improve protein content and its composition. This study evaluated the effect of split N application on yield and baking quality traits of two SRW wheat cultivars grown in the eastern U.S. region in conventional and organic cropping systems. One landrace (Purple Straw) and one modern cultivar (Pembro

This study was aimed to identify and confirm of E.coli isolated from arthritis in chickens. Samples for the isolation of the bacteria were taken from broiler chickens with arthritis symptoms (swelling hock joint), and then examined by culturing, VITEK test as well as molecular assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolate was done. The results showed pink colour colonies on MacConkey agar. The VITEK system was used to identify those colonies. The results revealed that the isolate gave 97 % parallel to those fe

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of four concentrations of Dimethylsulfate (DMS) 0%, 0.03%, 0.06% and 0.1% under four levels of salinity including 0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol NaCl L^-1 on some biochemistry characters such as proline, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and total chlorophyll. All treatments were distributed according to the factorial experiment using complete ro(CRD) with five replicates. Results revealed that 0.03% of DMS gave the highest proline of 2.08 mg g^-1, H₂O₂ of 0.64 µM 100mg^-1<

A field study was conducted on 2 hectare area at Al- Rashid district, south of Baghdad to analyze the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), initial infiltration rate (IR), Porosity (F) and bulk density (BD). Based on measured BD values Rosetta software was used in this study to estimate water retention parameters, water content at θ₃₃ and θ₁₅₀₀ kPa and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 33 kPa(k₃₃), 100 kPa(k₁₀₀) and  1500 kPa(k₁₅₀₀) according to Van Genuchten-Mualem model.  Measured and predicted data were analyzed both statistically and geostatistically and, the result

This experiment was implemented in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences fields in Bakrajo-Sulaymaniyah in two consecutive cropping seasons, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. Two seeding rates were applied with three seeding methods, seed drill, conventional scattering pattern by centrifugal seeds spreader, and an un familiar pattern in the region, which is the overlapping pattern of grain spreading lines by the distributor. the coefficient of variance (% CV) for seeds had the best value in comparison to overlap spreading, which in turn was better than conventional scattering was 1.1, 8.2 and 47.2 for seed rate of 200 kg ha^-1 and 1.7, 7.6, and 44.8 for seed rate of 160 kg ha^-1 respectively. The seeding rat

This study was aimed to investigate effect of wheat cultivates  to herbicides. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the Field Crops Department at the College of Agricultural , University of Tikrit during winter season 2017-2018. Factorial Experiment within  Randomized Complete  Block design with  three replicates were used . This  experiment contains two variables first was used the herbicide (Atlantis, Pallas, Chevalier)  and control. The second variable includes four cultivates (Al-Hashimiyah, Al-Baraka, Nor, and Door 29). The results Al-Baraka revealed that the highest plant height (75.91 cm), number of spikes (372.67 m²) and the number of shoots m² (35

Four durum wheat genotypes exotic from ICARDA and local variety were sown in agricultural season of 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The result of the combined analysis of variance exhibited that the mean square of environments, genotypes and to evaluate their stability for genotypes x environment interaction (G X E) were significant for all traits, suggesting differential response of genotypes due to environment. When by partitioning G X E interaction in to the linear and non-linear (pooled deviation) components, that differences between environments (environment linear) were highly significant for all traits. For the GXE interaction linear, the results i

The research was conducted during 2018-2019 growing season to study the growth and yield of various wheat cultivars under various methods of fertilizers application including bio-fertilizer under rainfed conditions of two different isohyets conditions. Randomized complete block design was applied with four replications. Potential grain yield is highly affected by the number of reproductive tillers; differences in final grain yield were highly and positively correlated to the number of tillers (r= 0.54**) and above ground biomass (r= 0.68**). The grain yield was about three times higher in Rikava location (3.19/1.01 t.ha^-1). Both of Cihan and Adana99 wheat significantly produced higher grain yield (2.44 and 2.43 t.ha

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between broiler strain, slaughter age, and post-chill (PC) aging duration in terms of measurable meat quality parameters. Two hundred fifty Hubbard on one day old chicks classic and two hundred fifty Lohman were bread in a commercial setting. Each strain had half of its broiler chicks slain at 32 days of age and the other half at 42 days of age. A total of 168 bodies (84 Hubbard and 84 Lohman) were selected at random on each day of processing, with each strain being divided into 28 groups and aged for 0, 4, and 24 hours. Each strain had a comparable average weekly body weight. Hubbard strain animals demonstrated greater feed conversion ratios during weeks two and thre

The research aims to analyze the correlation  of altitude, soil chemical properties and shades on Arabica coffee yields in Humbang Hasundutan Regency Sumatera Utara Province. This research was conducted using survey method with purposive sampling approach. Sampling were conducted on altitude varied between 1200 – 1500 m asl. Soil samples in top soil and sub soil were taken in order to analyze pH, C, N, P₂O₅, K, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Coffee plant growth variables observed including productive branches, number of bunches, number of fruit per bunches, diameter of canopy and total yield. Whereas the quality variable measured were physical quality and taste. Data on soil chemical properties,

This study was amied to evaluating the efficiency of foliar fertilization with organic cobalt and environmentally friendly nutrients in improving production and chemical content of potatoes at the experimental fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/ University of Baghdad.A factorial experiment (3×7) was applied using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the first factor was foliar fertilization with ATP SMART as an organic source of cobalt in three concentrations (0, 1, 2 ml L^-1), the second factor includes foliar fertilization with aqueous solution of powdered cow's milk in two concentrations (10 and 20gL^-1),and the bio stimulants STIMPLEX at two concentrations (5

This experiment was conducted in order to determine the effect of spraying acid salicylic (SA) at concentrations of 250, 500 mg L^-1 and hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ at 3% and 6% compared with water as a control treatment on three cultivars of date palm tree (Barhi, Hilali and Majhoul), which are propagated via tissue culture under salt stress conditions, to estimate the gene expression of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), The SA 250 and 500 mg L^-1 for Folding values achieved the highest gene expression for the cultivar Barhi and Hilali, which reached 2.549121, 3.363586, 5.098243, and 4.924578, respectively, While the highest gene expression of this enzyme for the Majhoul when treated with 6% hydrog

This study was carried out to evaluate the micrografting success of Red globe cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.) on three rootstocks Ramsey, Freedom and SO4 and investigate the effect of some factors on the micrografting success. Furthermore, compatibility in the graft union was studied. The results showed that Red globe on un-rooted Freedom achieved the highest percentages of scion survival (100.00 %), scion bud burst (60.00%), graft union formation (60.00%), and rooting (40.00%), also longest shoot (2.00cm), highest root number (8.00) and root length (4.50cm). Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium Supplemented with Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at 1mgL^-1 achieved the highest percentages of scion survival (95.20%), scion bud burst (6

This study was aimed to investigate diverse stress treatments on Imipenem susceptible A. baumannii for persister cells formation. Isolates were assessed for persister cells presence by colony forming unit counting (CFU/ml) after exposure to Imipenem (10 µg/ml) in presence and absence of acid stress treatment (pH 6) for 0-7 hr. In- vitro activity of curcumin to synergize Imipenem to kill persister cells was investigated. The frequency of hicAB and relEB of type II toxin- antitoxin (TA) loci was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. The transcription level of hicA and relE toxin genes was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The level of persistenc

This study was investigated the effect of iron NPs and essential oils of clove in normal and nanoemulsion forms for controlling Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Alternaria solani compared with Azoxystrobin fungicide under laboratory conditions. Data revealed that all tested compounds are capable of inhibiting the growth of mycelial of F. oxysporum F. solani, and A. solani from 0 to 84.4%, 0 to 88.9 %, and 0 to 61.1 %, respectively. There is relationship was found between the tested concentration of all treatments and their percentages of inhibition of mycelium. In addition, the use of Azoxystrobin, iron NPs and essential oils of clove in normal and nanoemulsion increase

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of different irrigation systems, which included surface drip irrigation, sub-surface drip irrigation, surface irrigation in basins and cover crop on water productivity, growth and yield of maize in a silty clay loam soil in the Nile sub-district of  Babil Governorate, in the fall season 2020. The experiment was designed using the split plot arrangement according to a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experiment treatments included two factors: cover crop (C) includes cover crop (C₁) and without the cover crop (C₀), and irrigation systems (I): includes surface drip irrigation (I₁) subsur