The aim of this study is evaluating the impact of salicylic acid and Spirulina algae, vermicompost aqueous extracts, on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) traits. Field experiment was implemented at vegetable field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2021. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (3X3X3). Foliar spraying of salicylic acid represented the first factor (0, 150, 300 µmol.L^-1), which symbolized (S₀, S₁, S₂). The second factor was foliar appl

This study was aimed to  determined by  number of dairy cows breeding projects to produce   milk using high productivity cows in Nineveh Governorate. The research aims to study the economic feasibility and environmental impact of the proposed project to be established in Nineveh Governorate using financial evaluation criteria. In order to prove the research hypothesis, the criteria of commercial profitability were used under the condition of certainty and uncertainty. It was found from the results of the research that the value of the net present value, the benefit-cost ratio, and the internal rate of return were 2911447, 1.74, and .18%, respectively. While the time period for recovering the project's investme

The development of exports in an open economic environment is the best solution in accelerating the pace of economic growth. The research evaluates the competitiveness of Iraqi dates exports based on a set of quantitative indicators and shows the role of Trade activities represented by international marketing that ensures the flow of goods and services from production until they reach the consumer. The research found a competitive advantage for Iraq in its exports of dates, as the Revealed Comparative Advantage - RCA showed a remarkable rise during the years of study and reached 26.98 in 2008, as for the Concentration Index (H), which represents the concentration of exports in a product or a limited number of products. More than

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing fenugreek seed oil to the diet on the physiological, anatomical and histological characteristics of broilers. A total of 200 chicks one day-old of (Ross308) were used in this study and divided into 4 treatments, 5 replicate for each treatment by 10 chicks in each replicate. The treatments were T1(control diet) = without additives (basal diet), T2 = basal diet + 0.25 ml fenugreek oil /  kg, T3 = basal diet + 0.50 ml fenugreek oil /  kg and T4 = basal diet + 0.75 ml fenugreek oil /kg. The results showed   Fenugreek oil inclusion at levels 0.50 ml/kg exhibited significant decrease (P <0.05) in jejunum and ileum relat

The present study was aimed to detect the accumulative effect of polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) in Arabibarbus grypus collecting along the Tigris River Southern of Baghdad City. A total of 130 specimens were taken from three sites  in Al-Zafaranyia City from the period between Summer 2020 until Spring 2021.Results of statistical analysis for total PAHs at S3 showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to S1 and S2 for all seasons. Results revealed that the total concentrations of PAHs in both muscles and gills  in

The current study conducted to identify the bacterial isolates from burns and wound infections that are responsible for various skin complication in such conditions and determination the development of antimicrobial resistance among these bacterial isolates. This study is carried out Between September 2020 to December 2020, a total number of (103) burns and wound swabs were taken from different patients from different hospitals in Baghdad city, the specimens were collected from; burns (57) and wound (46) swabs, the specimens were included; (51) female and (52) Male, the age average between (2 - 70 years). The positive bacterial containing specimens are (93) swabs, most of them are mixed (82 specimens) with differ

This study was aimed to estimate the antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract from soybean seeds against pathogenic microorganisms. The methanolic extract was prepared from defatted soybean flour. Total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the major phenolic, flavonoid, and isoflavone compounds in soybean extract were estimated by HPLC. On the other hand, biological activities such as antioxidants, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were evaluated. The value of phenolic compounds was 8.59 mg GAE/g extract, while the value of flavonoids was 0.82 mg QE/g extract. The chemicals listed below were chromatographed and identified: syringic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, ben

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of economic, social and institutional factors on adoption within the national program for the propagation of high-rank seeds of wheat crop. 170 questionnaires were collected, 50% of them were participants in the program from Wasit and Babil governorates. Probabilistic regression models were used to know this effect, and the possibility of adopting Farmers of improved seeds produced from the national program for the multiplication of seeds of higher grades using the (ADOPT) program. The adoption rate was 0.12%, and the total number of adopters were 12 farmers, at a rate of 14.2%. Tobit model was estimated  to find out the impact of the profitability of the dunum, capital,

This research was aimed to study the results of the application of agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with such legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the agricultural policy steps in Iraq. The results showed that the variable of providing loans increases the probability of farmers’ commitment to the governmental agricultural plan to a large extent, amounting to about (28.7), and the variable of the sale price of the crop to the state has an impact on the probability of commitment to the plan at a degree of (1.02) greater than the chances of non-compliance with the agricultural plan, as well as the variable value of the returns achieved under The existence

This study was aimed to identify the obstacles that facing cereal farmers that applying the agricultural practices to decrease the effects of climate variation phenomenon in the central region of Iraq. This research was conducted on cereal farmers at Baghdad, Najaf, Babil, and Wasit which were the most cultivated governorates of cereal crops (wheat, rice, and yellow corn). A randomized sample of (227) farmers was taken, that represents 0.25% of the total cereal farmers in the four governorates (90,584 farmers). In order to achieve the research goal, a questionnaire was prepared to collect data related to the research topic, for which a four-way scale was designed (33) paragraphs, and this field included three axe

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of vermicompost extract and mineral fertilizer on growth, grain yield of barley and nutrients availability during the season 2021-2022, in clay loam soil using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD). Vermicompost extract was added at three levels: without addition (VE₀), injected into the soil (VE₁) and applied as a foliar application (VE₂). Mineral fertilizer was added at (0, 50 and 100%) from the recommended level Symbolized (C₀, C₁ and C₂) sequentially. Results showed

Three field experiments were conducted in Al- Rashidiya region, Istiqlal district, north of Baghdad governate, to study the difference the irrigation interval under subsurface drip, sprinkler, and furrow irrigation systems in water requirement and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during the summer season 2021.Three field experiments were conducted, each including three irrigation systems, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and furrow irrigation. It was implemented as a Factorial experiment within the design of Nested-Factorial Experiments Design. Where the second factor distributed three irrigation intervals on the main plot (2-day, 4 day and 6 day), then the three factors were divided into four repli

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on growth performance, hematology and survival rate in common carp, Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (average weight 75±10g) were randomly distributed into five treated groups as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet respectively for 42 days. Results indicated that the best Final weight, specific g

This study aimed to used automated spraying inside greenhouses using automated sprayers and compare it with traditional spraying. An experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses at the Research Center of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad / Jadriyah, during the summer season on the cucumber crop cultivar CADIAR F1. The techniques used in the spraying process included a locally-made automated sprayer to spray pesticides inside the greenhouses horizontally and a knapsack sprayer. Two types of nozzles were used: universal flat fan nozzle (120-02C) and (120-04C), with three different pressures (1.8, 3, 5) bar, using a constant speed of 2 km h^-1. T

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of   new edible film prepared from deamidated rice bran protein (RBP). Deamidation was carried out at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120°C under varying pH conditions of 8, 10, and 12 for durations of 15 and 30 minutes to enhance protein solubility. The resulting film was then assessed for its physical, mechanical, and optical properties. The results revealed that protein solubility of deamidated RBP improved across all temperatures and pH levels compared to the control. A film made from deamidated protein under conditions of 120°C and pH levels of 8, 10, and 12 was evaluated using protein concentrations of 3, 4, and 5%. The solubility

The research was conducted with the aim of obtaining equations to estimate the diameter growth of different tree ages for the species (Ziziphus spina-christi) to determine the validity of the site for cultivating the species under study. Field data were collected from the site of the University of Anbar in Anbar Governorate, the city of Ramadi. The samples were randomly selected. Cross sections of the tree were taken. The data were collected by conducting the required field measurements, then the data were tabulated using the Excel program, and by using the method of linear and non-linear regression analysis in the Statgraphics2022 statistical program. Obtaining equations for diagonal growth, precision measures were used

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of organic and mineral fertilizers and agricultural sulfur on availability of N,P and K in soil and their concentrations in potato tubers. The experiment was carried out in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, during 2021 by adding three levels of organic fertilizer (Poultry manure) 0, 5, and 10 Mg ha^-1, and their symbols were OM₀, OM₁, and OM₂, respectively. three levels of mineral fertilizer 0, 50 and 100% of the fertilizers recommendation, their symbols were C₀, C₁, and C₂ respectively. three levels of agricultural sul

This study was carried out in a private vineyard, located in Sulaymaniyah governorate, Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the growing season (2022) to investigate the effect of foliar applications of amino acids (0, 5, 10 mL.L^-1), benzyl adenine (0, 100, 200 mg.L^-1), and Nano-NPK fertilizer (0, 2, 4 g.L^-1) and their interactions on the activity of pollen grains and some chemical components. The results confirmed that 10 mg.L^-1 amino acid produced the highest pollen viability, pollen germination, leaf chlorophyll content, total carotene, and vitamin C, while it caused a significant decrease in total phenol compared to the control. Benzyl adenine, 200mg.L^-1 gave the highest signific

This experiment aimed to improve the qualitative traits and stimulate the accumulation of antioxidants  in potato plants under environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) within  split-plot arrangement with two factors and three replications (2 × 6 × 3). The first factor involved the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) at concentrations of 0 and 10 ml·L⁻¹, denoted as (T₀) and (T₁), respectively. The second factor included six treatments as follows: natural irrigation (I), prolong

The current study was conducted in two different sites , these, sites S1 and S2 were  located before and After Al- Kut Barrier respectively at Tigris River middle of Iraq. This study focused on evaluation the effect of  lead Pb and  cadmium Cd on Guttan, Luciobarbus xanthopterus for the period from January to September 2021. Monthly, some of water qualities were measured. The values for Water temperature ranged between 6.2 to 20.6 ºC , DO₂ were recorded values between 11.16  to 6.12 mg /l. , BOD₅ values were showed values between 1.03 to 3.42, water turbidity values of 11.7 to 72.4 NTU, The pH water values were ranged between 6.4 to 7.7 at  sites S1 and S2 respectively. Lea

Antibiotic residues in food are accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans, cause allergies (penicillin), and cancers. This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of some antibiotic residue in imported red meat at Baghdad markets, their reference values, and their impact on genotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells.Atotalof144 meat samples were collected from January to July 2022.The results showed that the overall contamination percentage was35.4%. Buffalo meat showed the lowest contamination percentage 15% whereas the minced beef showed the highest (94.5%) (OR=402.33).Tetracycline residues detected in 42.8% of samples with significant risk (P

Thirty-seven different F. oxysporum ciceri isolates were isolated from 55 chickpea fields at Sulaimani and Halabja governorates during 2021. Fourteen Foc isolates were pathogenic and displayed various morphological traits. The ideal temperature for Foc ranged 25-30°C. PDA was the best media for the fungal growth. The isolates showed a variety of growth patterns, including appressed, flat/velvet, fluffy to partial fluffy, and cottony. However, Foc-28 displays nerve type mycelium growth on PDA at 25ºC. Microconidia (6.1-8.7x2.9-4.98µm), macroconidia (10.0-20.1x2.7-5.2µm), chlamydospores (7.2-15.0x6.8-10.7µm), and colony diameter on PDA were all significantly differed among the isolates. Significant d

The objective of this study is to modify Iraqi natural bentonite (NB), a readily accessible and low-cost raw material, using various techniques and to explore the possible use of it as an adsorbent for the elimination of amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solutions through batch system studies. Chemical and physical processes were used to create the modified bentonite (MB): (1) NB was mixed with cationic surfactants (long and short alkyl chain surfactants), and (2) heat activation created calcined bentonite. The synthesized MB is characterized by surface area, "scanning electron microscopy" (SEM), and "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy" (FTIR). There are many variables that affect how much AMX is eliminated, such as c

This study was aimed to determine the effect of mixed herbs and humic acid supplementation on the physiological status, haematological, and biochemical values of local goats in Indonesia. Twenty-four local goats 7-8 months old, were divided into four groups of six goats each. T0: herbs without humic acid, T1: herbs with 2-gram humic acid/goat T2: herbs and 4-gram humic acid/goat; T3: herbs and 6-gram humic acid/goat. The goats were fed grass and fermented oil palm. The result found that Orthogonal contrasts detect (P< 0.001) a significant influence of humic acid addition on respiration and heart rate, as well as HTC, with the amount of addition varying considerably during the 12.00 observation. There are no alterations in eryt

A comparative study was conducted to detect blood metabolic biomarkers of show and racehorse stallions in Iraq. Five stallions were selected for each, and blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture twice a time, fourteen days apart. Amino, fatty, carboxylic, and non-esterified fatty acids were investigated. Some hematological and biochemical attributes were also studied for show and racing stallions. All essential amino acids (except for threonine), non-essential amino acids (except for glutamine, glycine, and isoleucine), white blood cell (WBCs) count, granulosa (GR) percentage, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were higher (P≤0.05) in racing compared to the show stallions. On the other hand, more significant

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq from beginning of October 2020 to the end of August 2021. The main objective was to find out the effect of Molybdenum (Mo) concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg L^-1 ) and three stages of foliar application (vegetative growth, flowers buds appearance and 25 % blooming ) on seed yield and it’s component of alfalfa local variety. layout of the experiment was R. C. B. D. arranged in split-plot, with three replicates. Spraying stages were used as main-plots. while Mol

This study was aimed to investigate vegetative growth indicators of four oat cultivars (Genzania, Shefa, Carrolup, and Hamel) at seeding rates of 80, 100, and 120 kg ha⁻¹ in a factorial experiment within a randomized block design during the winter season 2022-2023. Genzania showed significant superiority in leaf area, relative growth rate (0.0707 g g⁻¹ day⁻¹), and total dry mass (21.54 tons ha⁻¹). Shefa excelled in tiller count (365.10 tillers m⁻²), while Hamel exhibited superiority in stem diameter (5.68 mm), lower lodging index (39.90), and fewer effective tillers (88.10%). Seeding rate effects included increased plant height and total dry mass, with a rise in lodging index. The

The study aimed to reveal the effect of some sustainable treatments under prolonged irrigation intervals on potato plant growth, yield, and starch properties .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO₂-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L^-1), which symbolized (T₀, T₁). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irr

The study was conducted in the Central Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad for the period from October 2021 to August 2022 with the aim of tissue propagation of the Phalaenopsis amabilis L. orchid plant. The study consisted of five sequential experiments (sterilization, initiation, multiplication, rooting, and acclimatization) in order to obtain the best treatment for the next experiment. The results showed that the best treatment for sterilizing the nodules was 15 ml of commercial bleach for 15 minutes. As for the Initiation stage, the nodules were stimulated on MS medium containing 60 ml L^-1 coconut water, which amounted to 100%. As for th