The research aimed to compare imported inflation in the agricultural sector in Iraq and Jordan, where data collected for time series for the period (1990-2022) and using ARDL model. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between imported inflation and both the price index of agricultural imports, agricultural product, population, agricultural trade openness and exchange rate in the short and long terms in Iraq, the variables were significant in the short term in Jordan, but in the long term some variables were not identical to economic logic, It turns out that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the dependent variable and some illustrative variables because not all variables have a long-term equilibr

A total of 100 fingerlings of Bunni, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi weighing between 10-15g were used in the current experiment. The experimental fish treatments involved adding different concentrations of lead acetate exposure as follows: T1 control treatment ; T2 and T4 exposed to 0.2mg/l and 0.4mg/1 of lead acetate with complete replacement of water aquarium every two days and added lead acetate continuously in the same proportion. T3 and T5 exposed to lead acetate of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/l in first time only without adding the above percentage of lead acetate with complete replacement of water aquarium every two days. , Results showed after 30 days of exposure that the total weight gain ranged between

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treating the food of third-instar larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) with ethanol and hexane extracts of Ajuga iva leaves at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, and their impact on the biological aspects of the insect. The results showed that the 10% concentration achieved the highest larval mortality rate, with an average of 51.84% for both extracts, while the lowest mortality rate was 19.17% at the 5% concentration, and 3.33% in the control treatment. Additionally, there was a reduction in the percentage of larvae that pupated, with the ethanol extract being more effective in reducing the number of pupae its reached average 61.68% and 82.53% for th

Newcastle disease (ND) is a paramyxovirus-based infectious, highly contagious, and pathogenic avian viral disease. Despite the widespread use of ND vaccinations, ND remains a danger to poultry breeders worldwide. The specific goal of this study was to identify the best vaccination route against ND in the layer hens at production stage following oily vaccine. One hundred chickens at 30 weeks of age were collected from layer flocks (ISSA brown) and randomly divided into four groups. The groups received the following vaccinations: G1: Chicks were vaccinated two doses against ND by (La Sota strain) through drinking water at (30 and 40) weeks. G2: Chicks were vaccinated two doses against ND by (La Sota strain) throug

Rhizoctonia-Meloidogyne complex disease is a serious problem facing legume production in many countries. The infection of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by pathogens Rhizoctonia solani (R) and Meloidogyne javanica (M) in a single infection or combination causes severe damage to plant growth. The effect of using Glomus spp. (G) and Pseudomonas sp. (P) as a biological control agent against Rhizoctonia- Meloidogyne complex disease was tested and assessed by comparing the growth and disease parameters in infected and control plants. Chickpea growth parameters are characterized by measuring shoot and root length, and fresh and dry weight. The results of using (G) and (P) in a single treatment o

An experiment was carried out on the Cactus (Aloe vera L.), two year old plants were planted in one of the fields of Agriculture College - Baghdad University for the season 2015-2016 and planted in pots. The different organic fertilizers used in two (Sewage, poultry manure and sheep manure) and the fertilize used at two levels 7.5% and 5% from the weight of the pot, and organic acid (Com Sol ) at two levels (1.5 and 3) ml and chemical fertilizer NPK (2.5 gm) in addition to control treatment. The experiment carried out within the RCBD with three replicates and four plants for each experimental unit. results were indicated that the sewage treatment at 7.5% caused significantly increased in rates of vegetative characteristi

An experiment  was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, College of Educated For Pure Science, Diyala Uinversity in 2014-2015,to investigate the influences of some plant growth regulators on total alkaloids production for ashwagandha plant )Withania somnifera L.) In Vitro .Four concentrations of Benzyl Adenine)BA (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.l^-1, which were represented with A0  ،A1 ، A2  and A3 respectively

This experiment was carried out  at the private nursery located at Baquba city/ Diyala governorate during 2015 agricultural season on three years old Citrus rootstocks seedlings to study the effect foliar application of salicylic acid  on  seedlings tolerance to soil salinity. The experiment included 24 treatment represented  three factors: soil salinity levels (1.14,4.62 and 5.30 dSm^-1) , two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 250 mg.l ^-1) and four citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Cleopatra mandarin, Volkamariana lemon and Troyercitrange ),and their interactions with three replications . The results showed that: increasing soil salinity&nbsp

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of high salinity on the some stress parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) which gradually exposed to salt concentrations of 5, 10 and 15g/liter, as well as tap water (control 0.1g/liter) for 90 days .80 fish were randomly distributed on eight glass tanks with 2 replicates as 10 fish / replicate at average weight of 15 ± 3 g to study the effect of salinity on the Total protein , Glucose ,and Lactate in blood plasma , Fish were fed during the trial on commercial diet with 31.9 % protein content.. Results showed that an increase

An experiments were carried out at the field of Crops Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad, Abu Ghraib during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study effect of foliar stages and concentrations of ethephon on some growth traits and the yield of wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The main plots were spray ethephon with four stages according to Zadok's scale which is: one leaf throught the sheath (ZGS₁₀), three leaves unfolded stage (ZGS₁₃), elongation stage (ZGS₃₀) and flag leaf ligue visible (ZGS₃₉), and the sub-plots was ethephon spray with three concentrations (0.400, 0.600 and 0.800) Kg.ha

This experiment was carried out at the Scientific Research Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Al-Jadiriyah), Spring and Autumn seasons 2015, using to Cucumber hybrid Gazeer, to study effect of adding organic material the vegetative growth of Cucumber. The experiment was conducted as factorial experiment (4x3) with in randomized complete Block design, with three replicates, First factor includes four levels of chemical fertilizer (0, 100%, 50% and 25%) of the recommended doses of fertilizers, The second factor was three levels of organic nutrient humic (0, 5kg ha^-1 and 10kg ha^-1). The results showed superiority of the treatment of  interaction C1H2 (NPK 100%+10 kg.ha^-1

This experiment was carried out at the experimental farm. College of Agriculture, Anbar University (in replace location Abu – Gharib), during the spring and autumn season of 2015. The main objective was to find out the effect of nitrogen concentration  (0, 1.5, 3.0, and, 4.5) g.L ^-1 and three stages of foliar application  (vegetative growth, booting and 25% flowering) on grain yield and it's major components of sorghum cv. Bohooth. 70  The layout of the experiment was a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. nitrogen concentration were used as main plots, while stages of foliar of nitrogen were used as sub-plots. Results, showed that in both season addition of nitroge

A field experiment was conducted during 2014 -2015 and 2015-2016 seasons at the  Field Crops Research Station Abu Ghraib, to study the effect of water stress, on yield and yield components of  bread wheat genotypes .The water stress treatment were 25% (S1) and 75% (S2) depletion of soil available water . The experiments was conucted using a split plot with in arrangement Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Water stress treatments were assigned to the main-plot, while, 27 wheat genotypes  were assigned to sub-plots. The results indicated that water stress treatment (S2)  significantly decreased  the number of spikes m

To estimate genetic parameters and heritability in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) genotypes, seventeen genotypes (16 exotic from ICARDA and local variety (Buhooth 7)) were included in this study. This experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at Field Crops Research Station, Abu-Graib, Office of Agricultural Research, during 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. The results revealed significant differences among genotypes for the studied characters at both seasons. The best genetic/environmental variance ratio attained for spike length (11.90) and no. of spikes. m^-2 (9.22) in the first season, and grain yield (8.82) then harvest i

This study was aimed to investigate,growth,yield and phytosterol of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. , medical pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo subsp.) and thier hybrids.The study included crossing among 15 pure lines of squash and medical pumpkin . pepo var. styriaca during fall season 2013 at  greenhouse during spring 2014 the genotypes of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. The genotypes (medical pumpkin ST + 9 parents of squash, crosses with medical pumpkin + 11 specific hybrid) were planted at the open field. The layout of the experiment was completely randomized block design. The results showed significant differences among genotypes in the s

This research aim to marketing margin account of one kg milk cows to the province of Baghdad district of Abu Ghraib. Collected a sample of (146) producer cow’s milk, (15) broker (milk collector's) and (21) retailer, random sample selection manner. The average marketing margin of one kg milk cows was about 400 dinars \ kg, marketing margin retailer and broker were about (250,150) dinar\ kg respectively, marketing costs of the retailer and broker have amounted to (81.42, 22.02) dinar \ kg. Retailer and broker profits amounted to about (168.58, 127.98) dinar \ kg. Dinar per consumer paid all of the producer , retailer and broker was amounted to (46.7, 33.3, 20.0)%, respectively. That causing the decline in broker

The fermented dairy products were prepared using, four different probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. rhamnosus, Lb. reutri and Lb. acidophilus individually. The fermented products were prepared using skimmed milk with the addition of 0, 1 and 2% inulin. The results showed that,  the fat percentages were 0.14-0.18%, titrable acidity 0.69-0.89%, pH values 4.63- 4.84, total solids 11.95-13.85 and the protein percentages were 3.91-4.26% .The results showed that there were variation in the viable counts of probiotic bacteria according to the added percentage of inulin.  It was found that the logarithmic viable counts for Lb. plantarum were 10.86, 12.41 and 13.91 when

The agricultural sector is one of the important economic sectors which contribute to provide the food and raw materials that use into many industrial goods and create jobs. Moreover, it helps to reduce the imports of agricultural products and activate of growing the other manufacturing sectors. Even though, the agricultural is very important sector, but still weak and unworthy because the agriculture produce line is not flexible to aggregate demand; however, it needs to expansion in agricultural investment. Since the agricultural sector has characters which are quite different than other sectors which are effective on investor's decisions rely on the economic policy. The study aim to determine th

This study was aimed to find out the synergistic effect of ginger and propolis some productivity and physiological traits of Awassi ewes. The study was conducted in field the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad Al-Jaderia, during 14/01/2016 - 03/27/2016, using 12 Awassi ewes with ages from 9 -11 months old ,average weight of 31 kg, The results showed a significant increase in the glucose for concentration (P <0. 05) in the ginger group compared with other groups where .significant increase in the concentration of blood sugar(81.0 mg / 100 ml of blood)  in the first month and continued to the second month,The level of cholesterol increase (65.90) in the second month of the group

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two types of cryopreservation and different concentrations of Aloe vera as an antioxidant (0,10% and 20%) on the viability and normal morphology of immature and in vitro mature buffalo cryopreserved oocytes. The in vitro mature and immature oocytes were kept in cryopreservation solutions for rapid and vitrification techniques. The results revealed that the proportion of buffalo oocytes found to be viable and normal morphology were significantly (P<0.01) higher produced when using a high concentration (20%) of aloe vera on in vitro mature buffalo oocyte which is79.11% and 59.02%; respectively. We conclude from the present study that

This experiment was conducted at the poultry \ Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 22/11/2020 to 2/1/2021 . To study the effect of adding germinated red grains sorghum (GRGS) and raw red grains sorghum(RRGS) as a complete substitute for maize to broiler diets on production performance. 225 broiler chicks were used in this experiment and randomly distributed to five treatments by 45 chicks/treatment with three replicates/treatment , 15 chicks/repl

This study was aimed to convert agricultural waste to organic fertilizer and find the best combinations from agricultural waste, that were used in the research, Composting has always shown to be a reliable and ecologically beneficial technique for removing large amounts of bio-waste. Bio-waste is produced in a variety of sorts (forest residue, farms, agricultural, food industry, and municipal garbage) and is expanding on a daily basis, offering a management and disposal challenge.  Millions of tons of cereal vegetable crops, industrial crops, dates and fruits, are produces in Iraq, there are about 20 million tons per year of agriculture waste materials in Iraq, according to

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Crop Sciences Department at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on yield, components, water use efficiency, and water consumption under water stress for sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was used within split -plot arrangement with three replicates, where the main plots included three levels of water stress (irrigation at 40, 60, and 80% of available water) coded as W₁, W₂, and W₃, respectively. The nano and metallic boron spray conc

Levofloxacin (LEV) is an important and widely used antibiotic. It is used to treat many bacterial infections. It may be found in water sources as a result of incomplete metabolism in humans and other sources. In this study, the adsorption of Levofloxacin by raw rice husk (RRH) was investigated. The effect of pH, time, temperature, RRH weight, and initial Levofloxacin concentration on the adsorption process were determined. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models were studied to explain the Levofloxacin adsorption mechanism on raw rice husk. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherms revealed that the adsorption of LEV by RRH was better fitted with the Intraparticle model with coefficient of determination (R²=9

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two types of cryoprotectants and two cryopreservation methods on viability and normal morphology of the immature and in vitro mature of post-thawed buffalo oocytes. The in vitro mature and immature oocytes were kept in the vitrification solution (VS1) for 5 min and the vitrification solution (VS2) for 15 sec. The results revealed that the proportion of buffalo oocytes found to be viable and normal morphology were significantly (P< 0.01) higher in using glycerol which is 76.14% and 55.1%; respectively. We conclude from the present study that the viability and normal morphology of post-thawed buffalo vitrified in vitro matured oocytes were significantl

This study was aimed on purification, immobilization and application of peroxidase enzyme from whole plant of soy bean for the decolorization of textile dyes and degradation of some phenolic compounds. The purification of peroxidase was in two steps include: concentration by sucrose and gel filtration by using sephadex G-150. The purification fold was 4.46 and 2.09 with an enzyme yield of 22.34% and 25.55% for peak 1 and peak 2 respectively. The purified peroxidase enzyme was immobilized by two methods include: covalent linkage immobilization by gluteraldehyde activated chitosan and entrapment by sodium alginate and agarose gel, the immobilization ratio reached to 58.07%, 50% and 11.75% respectively. Crude, purified and immobiliz

The aim of this study is to develop a bioconversion process of chitin to chitosan in solid-state fermentation. A classical optimization of one factor at the time was performed and revealed that maximum chitin deacetylase (CDA) production can be obtained in corn medium moisturized with mineral salt solution and with an initial moisture of 1:1 level (w/v). Results showed that 3% of spore inoculum contained 1× 10⁶ provided maximum production of CDA enzyme (219.5 U/g solid medium) after 5 days of incubation. Moreover, process parameters were systemically evaluated to impr

The research Milled I building proposed mechanism for institutional coordination between apicultural research and agricultural service ordain Faction operating in the و agricultural extension Governorate of Karbala, In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a questionnaire was prepared, including a five point scale consisting of (120) items distributed on (5) fields and (9) axes, the research was carried out in Karbala governorate on a random sample of 24 % of the research Community, which is composed of 524 respondents thus the research sample become 126 respondents. By presenting the proposed mechanism on the sample of the research, the final forum was Weight mean greater reached using the following standard: the ite

A field experiment was carried out in the vegetable field of Horticulture Department and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib  In the spring season 2014 to study the Role of Sustainable agriculture in the growth and yield of Eggplant, were studied of Two factors the first factor represent two treatment, first is shading with plastic nets (50% light) and the second without shading, each of these treatment contained three replicates and distributed randomly these eight treatments (without adding, Endospor Dry Mix, Biohealth, Amino Alexin, interacion between Endospor Dry Mix and Biohealth interaction between Endospor Dry Mix and Amino Alexin interaction between Biohealth and

This study was aimed to collected Minced meat from the local markets in Baghdad governorate during 2018, and examined for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in order to extract and purify pyocyanin and examined it as an antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in foods. Fifteen isolates were isolated from 50 samples and identified as P. aeruginosa using the API20E system and finally confirmed with PCR using 16SrRNA gene. Four tested media were used for the production of pigment after incubation within 72 h, One strain which given a vigorous pigmentation was chosen and extracted with chloroform and HCl then analyzed with Gas chromatography (GC-Mass) which showed a sharp peak at the time of