Indonesia is characterized by great diversity of freshwater shrimp, consisting of several islands due to the geographical location on the equator. A recent investigation conducted in Central Java has identified Serayu River as the major habitat of freshwater shrimp genus Macrobrachium. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the type of giant freshwater shrimp found downstrea

This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of adding dietary three medicinal plants and vitamin E on productive performance, serum physiological parameters, immunity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under heat stress (34 - 38) C° for 35 days. A total of 600 Ross one day old broiler chicks were distributed randomly into eight treatments with five replicates 15 birds per each replicate as follows: T1: broiler were fed standard ration (negative control); T2: 50 mg vitamin E /kg ration (positive control); T3: 5g Dill  powder /kg ration; T4: 10g Dill  powder /kg ration; T5: 5g Adiantum powder /kg ration; T6: 10g Adiantum powder /kg ration; T7: 5g Crataegus powder /kg ration and T8: 10g Crataegus powder /kg rat

This study was aimed to investigate effect of cinnamon zeylnicum oil extract in inhibition of bacteria in laboratory biscuit.revealed chemical research on cinnamon oil extract has the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, coumarins, terpenes, flavonoids, and stimulants. Using GC-MS and FT-IR analysis, it was found that the hot water extract contains terpenes,   glycosides, resins, saponins, and phenols, indicating the effectiveness of these beneficial components in cinnamon oil extract. Biscuits were manufactured in the laboratory and fortified with different concentrations (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%) of C. Zeylanicum oil extract and stored for 10 days at room temperature. The resu

This research was aimed study of the impact of at checking the extent of impact of the herd size on the levels of economic efficiency and its components, to indicate the extent of which optimality is realized in the exploitation of sheep breeding fattening inputs and for a sample of 75 farms in the Kokjali region in Nineveh Governorate and for the productive season 2018, spring batch. To achieve the research goal, the sample was divided into three categories according to the numbers of animals in the farms. To measure the economic efficiency and optimality in using the inputs, the DEA data envelopment analysis and the statistical program DEAP were used, and it was found from the results of the analysis that the research sample pr

Agriculture is the most important and most dependent economic activity and influenced by climatic conditions as the climate elements represented by solar radiation, temperature, wind and relative humidity. Therefore, is necessary that analyze and understand the relationship between climate and agriculture. The aim of this study to assessment the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for three regions of Diyala Governorate in Iraq (Al Muqdadya, Baladrooz, and Baquba) by through using of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system (GIS).The Normalized difference vegetation index NDVI and land surface temperature (LST) were used in two of the Landsat-5 E

This feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of medical plants and yeast cell wall on the performance and subsequent physiology of broiler chickens. A total of 200 d-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments that were replicated 4 times of 10 birds. The first treatment was the control while the remaining four treatments were supplemented with one of these mixtures (peppermint and Chamomile; peppermint powder and yeast cell wall; chamomile powder and yeast cell wall; peppermint, yeast cell wall and chamomile powder). Throughout the experimental period, feed intake was almost not affected by dietary treatments. At days 24 and 35 of age, birds on diets contain

A total of 32 weaned (3.5-4 months) of Awassi (16) and Karadi (16) lambs were randomly allocated into two equal groups to be fed either ad libitum or 3% of their body weight concentrate, and to be slaughtered at 36 and 44 kg body weight. After chilling at 4⁰c for 24h, the carcass was split along the vertebral column into two halves by electric saw, and the left side was separated into eight whole sale cuts and were physically dissected into lean, fat and bone and weighed. Results reveal that the overall mean of lean, fat, bone, lean: fat and lean: bone ratio were 60.31±0.25%, 17.05± 0.69%, 22.63 ± 0.59%, 3.78 ±0.20 and 2.71 ± 0.06, respectively. It was noticed that Karadi lambs surpass significantly (P&lt

Chicory contains dietary inulin and oligofructose compounds which have a beneficial effect on metabolism, as well as polyphenol type derivatives, which may be responsible for the antioxidant properties. The effect of different concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract of dried powdered leaves of chicory on CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo in mice, has been studied. Thirty-five mice (20-30 g) of age four weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups (seven in each). The mice orally received three different concentrations of chicory leaves extract (CLE) before injection for 3 consecutive days by CCl₄. The study showed that CCl₄ caused elevation in serum GOT, GPT, and ALP activities in mice, but th

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Kisspeptin-10 as an alternative to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in estrus- synchronization protocol for improving the reproductive performance of Karadi ewes. Forty adult ewes of 3-7 years old and 65–70 kg live body weight were equally divided into four equal groups. Animals were inserted with a progestagen (60 mg MAP)-impregnated sponges for 13 days as estrus synchronization protocol. Following withdrawal of sponges, first group was served as control (C) and intramuscularly injected with normal saline only. The second group was intramuscularly injected with 250 IU of eCG (eCG), while those of third and fourth groups were intravenously injected with 4 and 8 µg /kg body w

Brooder pneumonia is aspergillosis occurs in chicks caused by Aspergillus fumigatus during the first-week post-hatching. It has not been confirmed yet that all A. fumigatus strains cause brooder pneumonia or it restricted to pathogenic strains. From an outbreak included 28 broiler farms in Sulaimaniyah province, 575 dead and sick chicks were randomly selected, diagnosed clinically, histopathologically, and by post-mortem isolation of A. fumigatus, among them 321 chicks were confirmed to be infected by aspergillosis with incidence rate of (57.5 %). Twenty eight clinical isolates of A. fumigatus along with 15 farm environment isolates represented all the farms were subjected to genotypin

This research aims to identify polymorphisms in TEK genes to identify any related possibility to fresh semen quality of FH bull using the PCR method. A total of 14 samples of bull’s whole blood were collected and also the quality of each bull’s fresh semen. DNA amplification was carried out using primer Forward (TEK_F) 5'-TAGATTGTCGCTTGCCTGGG-3 'and Reverse (TEK_R) 5'-CCTGTGCCGACAGGTTTACT-3'. Analysis of the DNA sequence results was carried out using BioEdit and NCBI BLAST software. The results showed that of the 7 samples producing 262 bp and found polymorphisms in the TEK gene sequence in 23 gene bank databases. In the analysis of the relationship between the motility of individual spermatozoa with mutations, r count> r

This study was conducted on the Land coverings of the city of Baquba and its outskirts in Diyala province, central Iraq, between latitudes 44º 42ʹ 31.78ʺ ــ  44º33ʹ 14.99ʺ  and 33º41ʹ 46.66ʺ ــ  33º 48ʹ 23.18ʺ an area of 180,835 km². In order to classify the earth covers, it was relied on the field survey to determine the grounding points. Also used two satellite data from Landsat 8, the first one on 23/3/2014, the second on 21/3/2019, and the production of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Differences Built- up the Index (NDBI) maps. Th

This research aims to identify the economic and national feasibility of some agricultural activities benefiting from the agricultural initiative's lending funds, as well as to show the impact of the agricultural initiative on these projects in terms of raising social profitability, in the light of the results of the national evaluation criteria addressed in the research. All the studied projects have achieved a net added value at the level of the national economy. The dairy cattle breeding project recorded the lowest net added value of about 914 million dinars (about 745 thousand dollars), and poultry projects achieved the highest added value of about 5 billion ID for the projects of table eggs production 4.9 billion ID for broil

This study was conducted to evaluate probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on the broiler growth performance, reread under different stock density. A total of 448 Ross 308 broiler reared for 6 weeks and divided into two groups normal density and high density . For each stock density birds were fed standard diet (T1), standard diet + 0.15g probiotic powder/ kg diet(T2),  standard diet + 0.15g prebiotic powder/ kg diet(T3) and  standard diet + 0.15g synbiotic powder/ kg diet (T4). All dietary additives had no significant differences (p≤ 0.01)on the body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio at 6 weeks  of age. However, body weight was different significantly compared to the control group. Dietary synbioti

The Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium, which may resident in various parts of body as a nqiormal flora, but this bacterium can also cause community and nosocomial infections, which enhanced by different virulence factors. Hence, the goal of the recent work is isolation and identification of S. aureus form different sources and investigate the capability of these isolates to synthase microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMs). For achieving this aim, a total of 326 samples were obtained from various clinical sources, including wounds, blood, acne, skin, vagina and gum. Among these samples, only 100 isolates were confirmed as S. aureus, after s

The study looked at what happened to the weeds growth in the field when different types of sunflowers released root exudates grown in the summer of 2023. The goal was to determine if sunflower types' allelopathic potential affects weed growth and number. The results showed that after 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of cultivation, the Flamme cultivar did better than the Sakha, Aqmar, and Abba5 cultivars in reducing the number of weeds and their dry weight. The weed density dropped by 60%, 46%, 38%, and 35% compared to the control treatment, and the weeds' dry weight dropped by 61%, 66%, 62%, and 53% compared to the control treatment,

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combination of Leucaena and Indigofera in swamp grass-based rations on the quality or quantity of feed produced. The research was carried out based on a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. The types of forage used include termite Bento grass (Leersia hexandra) from swamp land; legumes Leucaena and Indigofera. The treatments consisted of A = swamp grass and concentrate (70%:30%), B = swamp grass, Leucaena and concentrate (40%:30%:30%), C = swamp grass, Indigofera and concentrate (40%:30%:30%), D = swamp grass, Leucaena, Indigofera and concentrate (40%:15%:15%:30%). The observed variables consisted of dry matter di

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different feeding levels (0%, 25%, and 50%) of alfalfa pellet ration (APR) (47% alfalfa) on the main carcass cuts Physico-chemical traits of Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). A total of 270 one-day-old ducklings were used. The birds at seven-day-old were assigned to 9 indoor pens of (2.2×1m) with outdoor and swimming pool (9.8×1m). Each pen represented an indoor replicate with 30 ducklings. The feeding program for Pekin Duck group treatments with (APR) (47% alfalfa) was used as a replacement to the basal diet at different percentages (0%, 25%, and 50%) for control (T0), first (T1) and

The response of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii adults and their predators Coccinella septempunctata and Chrysoperla carnea to infested or uninfested cucumber leaves was tested using a Y-shape olfactometer. Aphids were significantly more attracted to uninfested than infested cucumber leaves. C. septempunctata was significantly more attracted to the infested leaves with aphids than uninfested cucumber leaves. At the same time, C. carnea responded to VOCs from leaves infested with aphids compared to healthy leaves. Moreover, the feeding activity of aphids rustles to release Kairomonal compounds, which can be positively exploited by C. carnea to identify the location of aphids and infested plants. Ou

This study was aimed to investigate antibiotic-resistant genes in Escherichia coli found in drinking water is a global public health concern. The isolation and identification of Escherichia coli in three drinking water treatment plants in Baghdad city was carried out using a mix of biochemical and molecular analysis on selective medium. LacZ gene amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out for molecular identification, and the study showed that lacZ was present in each isolate. The molecular method was used to confirm the culture method's findings.  Both the molecular diagnostic and the culture method produced the same results. Applying the McFarland standard and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, th

A field experiment was conducted during tow spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 in the experimental fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad using RCBD design according to factorial experiments with three replicates and three factors including sunflower cultivars (Ishaqi 1 and Ishaqi 2). The second factor included seeds priming with seaweed extract (Acadian) concentrations (0, 3, and 4 mg L^-1), in addition to with, foliar application of seaweed extract at the aforementioned concentrations. The results showed the significant superiority of the Ishaqi2 cultivar in all studied traits for both seasons. The treatment with priming and foliar application with Acadian at a concentration 4 mg L

This study was aimed to detect the effect of co-enzyme Q10 against infectious bursal disease vaccinated with different programs (recombinant HVT-IBD single dose at one day old, classical vaccines D78 at eight days old, and E228 at 16 days old) through the evaluation of levels of interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. Two hundred and ten broilers were divided into seven groups, with 30 chicks in each group. T1, feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T2: feed Q10 (20 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (rHVT); T3: feed Q10 (40 mg/kg diet) and vaccinated by (D78, E288); T4; feed Q10 (40 mg/kg) and vaccinated by (rHVT): T5; vaccinated (D78, E288) only: T6; vaccinated (rHVT) only: T7; negative

This research aimed to examine how farmers are impacted by risk by estimating the off-farm labour supply model. The study used a qualitative response model to determine the extent to which independent factors influence the dependent factor, using the Probit model. Information was collected randomly from 134 farms it included all crops grown in it of the agricultural divisions of Baghdad Governorate's Karkh and Rusafa sides for the season 2021/ 2022. The research found that the size of the agricultural family is directly proportional to the probability of participating in work outside the farm, as its parameter was 0.015. Also, the higher the educational level of the farmers, the greater the likelihood of participating in work outside the

The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of beta-casein protein (β-CN) hydrolyzate, purified from Iraqi camel milk, on blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), level of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] and the lipid profile status of alloxan-induced diabetes rats. The results indicated that the β-CN protein hydrolysates at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the level of blood glucose during fasting and in (OGTT). However, there were, significant increasing (p<0.05) in the level of insulin, GF-1 and the level of high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), meanw

The research aims to identify the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers to enhance the competitiveness of the local agricultural product of vegetables in Baghdad province. The research community included all workers in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Training, and the Directorate of Agriculture of Baghdad\ Karkh and their number (114) workers. To achieve the research aims, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of (34) items as obstacles distributed over three areas (obstacles related to the agricultural extension aspect, obstacles related to the local agricultural product, and obstacles related to vegetable farmers). To measure these obstacles, a four-graded scale was used, consisting of four levels

This study aimed to determine and analyze market power among rice exporters to the Iraqi market by estimating the residual demand for different types of rice. Four countries were included in the study: Thailand, India, Pakistan, and the United States of America. The inverse residual demand elasticity of these countries was measured during the study period, 2005-2021. The results showed market power among the countries supplying rice to the Iraqi market. Thailand has greater market power than the United States due to lower export prices and a weaker local currency. On the other hand, competition between Pakistan and India was intense in the Iraqi rice market. The study recommended government intervention to support farmers in improving pr

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى  استخدام المعزز الحيوي Lactobacillus paracasei CNCMI-1572للحد من نمو الفطر Aspergillus flavus ومعرفة تأثيره على انتاج سم الافلاتوكسين B1 او اختزاله بعدة معاملات ، اذ تميزت جميع المعاملات ( معاملة البكتريا المنماة في MB وتعريضها لجهاز Ultrasonic، معاملة الراشح البكتيري وتعريضه ل جهازUltrasonic ، كلا المعاملتين فحصت عبر FESEM لمعرفة حجم الدقائق النهائي، معاملة البكتريا في MB فقط ، معاملة الراشح البكتيري فقط وجم

ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the fall season of 2023–2024. The study aimed to investigate the effect of adding an organic nutrient and spraying a fruit-set regulator on the concentration of nutrient elements and vegetative growth traits of the broad bean. The experiment included two factors: the first was the type of fertilization (chemical fertilization recommendation for broad bean and different levels of the organic nutrient Karmino bloom with the addition of 25% NPK). The second factor was the application of the pod-set regulator (Oraset-x) at three concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 g L⁻¹). The results showed that

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts of yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis and Cinnamonum cassia against the pathogen Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae in the digestive system of workers of the global honey bee Apis mellifera L. at different concentrations, and showed The results of the laboratory study showed that the alcoholic extract and powders of mate and cinnamon plants at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% were efficient concentrations and had no side effects on bees. The alcoholic extract of mate at a concentration of 3% was more efficient than the rest of the other concentrations and reached 2070, 1980, 1730, 1390,1080 and 70 x 10

 Melanin pigment has broad applications in medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture. In this study, Streptomyces atrovirens TA4, a soil isolate was used for the first time to produce bioactive melanin pigment. This work mainly focuses on media optimization and using statistics to obtain optimum concentrations of the medium composition for maximum pigment production. Starch casein broth was the best melanin pigment-producing medium (127.6 mg/L ) among 8 tested media. Central composite design analysis using (Design-Expert-13), a statistics-based method, revealed casein as the most significant factor affecting melanin production with an F-value of 1878.8 and the model exhibited good fitting, with a correlation coe