The present research was conducted to the Gynandris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl. leaves extract to identify the phytochemicals present and determine the qualitative presence of phenols and flavonoids. The GC-MS findings have different peaks to determine the existence of 23 phytochemical compounds which may have a role in pharmacological activities. On another side, A photocatalytic degradation of extracted dye using ZnO and Sb₂O₃ was tested, which is done by the photodegrade of a suspended aqueous solution of extracted dye with 0.17gm/100ml of semiconductor starting with ZnO then Sb₂O₃ under UV lamp (125 Watts) at 298 K. To reach th

Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid (200 ppm), folic acid (100 ppm) and/or Mancozeb (50% and 100% of recommended dose) on the growth, yield, quality, enzymes activities related to stress, and disease severity% of tomato plants cv. “Fayrouz” grown under biotic stress conditions of early blight (A. solani) disease. The results showed significant effects of the applied treatments on all the studied characters with a noticeable superiority of the treatments of SA+FolA+50%_Rec followed by 100%_Rec­ without significant difference between them, which reflects on high mean values of growth, chlorophyll, yield,

Freshwater algae (Chlorophyceae-except Zygnematales) were collected from 18 sites (12 springs and 6 streams) in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq from September-2019 to August-2020. Aim of this study isolation and identification new algal species. 27 new algal genera with 40 species records at first time in Kurdistan Region and others provinces of Iraq, which include the following, Scenedesmus considered the most abundance than others algae which seven species identified followed by genus of Chlamydomonas, genus of Chlorophyceae, genus of Characium with three species for each one recorded, but genera Geminella have two species, finally the remaining gene

This study was designed to determine the effect of partial purified lovastatin on the lipid profile and liver functions in rabbits. The rabbits were divided into six groups, each group containing four rabbits, and the lipid profile and liver functions were checked at zero, 30, 60, and 90 days. The parameters of the cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very- low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), blood bilirubin (BB), and liver enzymes (ALP, ALT and AST) were determined separately. Determination of parameters was made before treatment with any medication and after treatment with cholesterol (4 g/kilo/day), standard lovastatin (0.4 mg/kilo/day), cholesterol plus standard lovastati

The following study was carried out to investigate gene expressions of the CASPASE 9 gene and CASPASE 9 protein with the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in Iraq. The differences in the expression of this gene between patients and healthy controls were included. The correlation of age and gender with CML occurrence comparing with controls was studied. Results showed significant increases in the mean of gene expression level (ΔCt) of patient groups compared to the corresponding ΔCt means in control group, also the gene expression folding (2^-∆∆Ct) of  CASPASE 9  gene  reflect significant differences in the expression showed the highest level in CML patients which reached to (16.19), the

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract in reducing the sugar level of diabetic patients in male mice. The study included four groups and 15 mice for each group. The first group represented the control group. The mice in the remaining three groups were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The second group was considered as the induced control group for diabetic patients for comparison, while the third group of diabetic patients received neem leaves extract 250 mg/kg of body weight, and the fourth group of diabetic patients was given metformin hydrochloride 250 mg/kg of body weight.  Measured Changes in blood glucose, blood triglycerides

This study was aimed to investigate the involvement of Myeloid Related Protein 14 (MRP14) in the production of CXC Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (CXCL9) in thyroiditis patients. The first group composed of 27 hypothyroidism (HO) patients (12 men and 15 women), age average about 46 years old. The second group had 43 patients (8 men and 35 women) with hyperthyroidism (HR), their mean of age was 42, while 30 healthy persons act as control group (HC) had an average age of 33.47 of men (13) and women (17). The three groups were testing for triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) furthermore, testing the thyroglobulin (TG), anti-thyroperoxidase (a-TPO), anti-TSH receptor (TSHR) and serum level of MRP14 by

This study was aimed to evaluate the response of common bean cultivars to NPS fertilizer. Results revealed that the main effect of NPS rates, and cultivars highly significantly affected 50% days to flowering, number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seeds weight, above-ground dry matter biomass, and grain yield. Nasir cv. provided highest  for all the studie parameters, among NPS rate, 100 kg ha^-1 recorded the highest results for the  50% days to flowering, the number of primary branches per plant, pods per plant, hundred seeds weight, above-ground dry matter biomass, and seeds yield. The interaction effects of NPS rate and cultivars highly significantly influenced days to 90% physiologic

This research aimed to illustrate the significant role of modern technology packages in agriculture, in particular in the growth of wheat cultivation. In this research will attempt to use O-Ring method. The purpose our using of this method is to prove that the modern technological packages used in agriculture, wheat cropping combined have a significant impact on increasing the productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. A sample is taking from 290 farms, by divided into three governorates Namely Wasit, Babil and Diwaniyah. The packaging used to grow wheat was micronutrients, seeds, fertilizers, laser-level potassium sulphate, seeds, potassium sulphate fertilizers, Pallas herbicide, Atlantis herbicide and the farming

This study was aimed to convert agricultural waste to organic fertilizer and find the best combinations from agricultural waste, that were used in the research, Composting has always shown to be a reliable and ecologically beneficial technique for removing large amounts of bio-waste. Bio-waste is produced in a variety of sorts (forest residue, farms, agricultural, food industry, and municipal garbage) and is expanding on a daily basis, offering a management and disposal challenge.  Millions of tons of cereal vegetable crops, industrial crops, dates and fruits, are produces in Iraq, there are about 20 million tons per year of agriculture waste materials in Iraq, according to

Digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) had been reported, but only focused on a daily feeding strategy. The effect of starvation and refeeding on the growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities in Yellow Rasbora has never been reported. This study aimed to know the most efficient feeding strategy for growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora. The experiment was conducted in 20 aquariums using two months old fingerling. Four different feeding strategies were tested; twice feeding a day, one-day starvation and six days refeeding, two days starvation and five days refeeding, and four days starvation and ten days refeeding. The result showed that

Cooking ware that is made of aluminum is used in different nations, particularly developing nations, and are a free source of aluminum. Due to its possible harmful effects on human health, aluminum is acknowledged as a public health problem. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate curcumin's (CUR) capacity to decrease aluminium’s toxicity by forming stable complexes. Rhizomes that are sold in the local marketplaces have an 8.5% crude pigment content of CUR. At various pH levels, CUR's maximum absorbance was identified. Citric acid was used as a catalyst to create the CUR-Al+3 combination at various pH levels, which correspond to the rates at which Al+3 was eliminated from the solution. At pH 2.5

This study was aimed to determine whether chromium (Cr III) supplements have a beneficial effect on the insulin secretion and lipid profile of layers vaccinated against H5 avian influenza (AI). The study included serological parameter by ELISA kit and biochemical parameter for lipid profile test as well as to compare between highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) recombinant (rH5N1) vaccine and classical (cH5N8) vaccine. The study was designed as follow: {G1: given rH5N1 vaccine only; G2: given cH5N8 only; G3: given rH5N1 with Cr III supplement; G4: given cH5N8 with Cr III supplement; G5: given Cr III supplement; G6: is negative control with no vaccination or supplementation}. Levels of insulin

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of chemically (using L-Cysteine) and enzymatically (by papain) modification on the functional properties of hard wheat gluten. The modification process is run by both methods individually and synergistically. The results showed an increase in the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of lyophilized wheat gluten upon adding the reducing agent at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm). The values for (DH) were (5.29, 6.18, 6.22, 6.26, and 7.48%) respectively. While for papain (2000 units / g protein) those values were (10.25, 12.71, 13.54, 13.88, 15.62%) respectively when the reducing agent (same concentration above) and papain were used synergistically. The functional prop

This study was aimed to find the most prevalent microbial isolates, as well as measurement of total serum IgE, LPS levels and their correlation with Atopic dermatitis occurrences. A 88 patients were collected randomly (47 females and 41 males), through a period Sep. 2019 to Feb. 2020 from Al Zafaraniyah General Hospital. Patients ages ranged between 10 months to 30 years. In addition, the control samples are collected randomly from 20 apparently healthy people. Microbial isolation results showed that the most prevalence microbial isolates in atopic skin patients were; Staphylococcus spp. 81 (30.10%), fungi 65 (24.20%), Bacillus spp. 53 (19.70%), Enterobacteriaceae spp. 32 (11.90%), Aci

The research aims to measure influences of the main variables in rural poverty in Iraq during 1990 – 2019, so it used descriptive and qualitative methods to show the subject. The research reaches throw results of unit root test that all the variables were un stable in the level, but all of them were stabled after first difference. The research proved it`s hypothesis that all structural changes can lead to reduce the rural poverty in Iraq, the study explained positive relationship among the dependent variable ( per capita of national income) and independent variables ( rural population, agricultural labor, planted area of crops and the using technology), where increase by 1 % in each of the independent variables lead to  in

This study was aimed to investigate effect of minerals, organic and bio- fertilizers on yield and quality of three synthetics varieties of maize. A field experiments were applied at the research station of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during 2019 and at Abu Ghraib research station during 2020, using randomized complete block design (RCBD) within split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The experiments included two factors, the first in the main plots represented three synthetic varieties of maize, while the second in the sub plots represented five fertilizer treatments. The results showed that bhooth 5018 variety was superior in grain yield during

This study was aimed to determine protein and crude fiber digestibility by adding propionic acid in rations and its effect on production and carcass quality broiler chicken. This research was carried out using 180-day old chicks (DOC) broiler chicken with Cobb strain. This research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and six replications for every treatment. The treatment in this study consisted of: T0 = ration without propionic acid; T1 = addition of 0.5% propionic acid in the ration; T2 = 0.75% addition of propionic acid in the ration. Parameters observed included crude protein, crude fiber digestibility, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, live weight, carcass percen

This study was aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) by using prodigiosin pigment produced from environmental isolate Serratia marcescens as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Additionally, the synthesis conditions were precisely taken into consideration as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C alongside a concentration of prodigiosin of 12 mg/ml with a precursor of ferric sulfate of 5 mg/50ml in deionized distilled water (DDW). Biosynthesized Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles have presented many applications such as catalysis, biosensing, anticancer, and biomedical, etc. The study of optimum condition for the synthesis of Fe₂O₃

Designed a national park in the name of Peace Park (Paytakhty Ashty) on an area of 25 hectares of agricultural land with a slope of 1-2 %, located at latitude N35°11''42 and longitude E46°1''18, at an altitude of 780 m from sea level, in the north-eastern side of Halabja city, which is one of the oldest cities in Kurdistan, Iraq, which is located in the plains of Shahrazur, which is the second most fertile soil in the world, then the Halabja city  became a symbol of peace because of its genocide and was named the capital of peace , so the designed park it named the Peace Park. The designs for the park site

This study was aimed to identify the role of the single nucleotide polymorphism genes on the contrast of three groups (Dark-Brown, hazel and blue) of human eye color among a sample of Iraqi people specifically single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs); the rs12913832 of HERC2 gene and the rs1800407 of OCA2 gene, for 90 human blood samples of different people were collected from College of Science, University of Baghdad and also people from different areas of Baghdad, Iraq. These SNPs were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results of the rs12913832 and rs1800407 genotype showed significant differences (p <0.05) in the blue eye color groups. the rs12913832

This study was carried out to investigate  thermal treatments, immersing in black seed and flaxseed oils on postharvest quality pomegranate fruits cv. Salakhan . Fruits were randomly divided into two experiments: First, thermal treatment by which fruits are immersed for four minutes at 25, 40 and 50°C in hot water (HW), and fruits are exposed to hot air (HA) for one hour at 40 and 50°C plus control treatment. Second, fruits are immersed for 4 minutes in 1 and 2% for the black seed and flaxseed oil, plus control treatment. Then, fruits are placed in the storage at 5±1 ºC and 85-95% of relative humidity for four months. Both experiments performed by using Complete Randomize Design. The results were indicated that soaking f

This study was aimed to use digestive duct of common carp Cyprinus Carpio L. as economic source for fish  lipase extraction . The enzyme was extracted using potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7 , 0.2 M ). The crude extract then precipitated at the saturation range between 40 – 80 % and dialyzed . Further purified carried out  through ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Cellulose column  (2.5 × 30 cm) and gel filtration chromatography by Sephadex G-100 column  (1.5 x 60 cm). The purified lipase had  a molecular weight of 37.150KDa ,and optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity about 45◦C and 6.5 using olive oil as substrate .The specific activity, number of purification f

This study was aimed to conduct one of the vertical garden systems , selecting suitable plant species that with stand the climate conditions of Baghdad city in outer space to determine the appropriate growing medium for the (LWS), and to assess the impact of spraying with potassium silicate on the resistance of the cultivated plants to heat stresses . The study carried out at at Al-Batool Park of (Al-Kadhimiya Holy City). Two experiments were carried out, each one with a different plant species, including Wedelia trilobata and Tradescantia pallida, during the winter season of 2021 and summer season of 2022. The experiments were designed using a split block design. The experiments included two factors, the first

Climate is an important factor in the development of plant diseases. to be able to avoid yield loss due to disease explosion, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study of climatic factors as a direct and indirect influence. one that can be done is weather data-based forecasting.  This method can determine and estimate the likelihood of disease outbreaks in a certain period. In addition, disease forecasting can act as prevention due to pathogen attacks so as to avoid damage and yield loss and maintain the ecosystem of antagonistic fungi in the coffee ecosystem. Agro ecosystem management can encourage the development of antagonistic fungi as pathogen biological agents. Akanthomyces sp. species are widely reported a

The corn leaf aphid is a major pest causes damage to a range of cultivated crops. Little is known about the population genetics of the species. In this experiment, we examined the population genetic structure of the Rhopalosiphum maidis based on nucleotide sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and microsatellite analysis. Thirteen microsatellite markers developed for related aphid species were tested for use with R. maidis. Nine loci were found to amplify in R. maidis. Of these, seven were polymorphic. Nucleotide sequencing showed low variation, with one haplotype dominating in the regions sampled and four other haplotypes, differing by only a single base, occurring at a low frequency. Micro

The compost product enhances soil quality, lowers erosion, and aids in the reduction of plant diseases without having a negative influence on the environment. The possibility for compost recovery from organic waste, fruit waste, agricultural residues, domestic garbage, and animal manure was examined in this study. These wastes are composted in a five-week aerobic -pile composting process. The temperature, pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N-ratio), nitrification index (NH4-N/NO3-N), and NPK (Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium( value of the finished compost were all measured both during and after the composting p

This study aimed to investigate the expression level of microRNA-20a in plasma samples collected from 20 healthy males and 20 healthy females' as non-cancerous controls, 34 males and 26 females who diagnosed with CRC, the age range for both poles was at age range of 23 to 66 years old, those patients didn’t receive any chemical, radiological or surgical treatment and subjected to relative quantitative detection using RT-PCR technique. Specific primers designed for this purpose, the sequence of miR-20a retrieved from NCBI and miRBASE, the primers designed using stem-loop structure method, RNU-43 reference gene used for results normalization. The resulted data analyzed using the Livak method, the folding mean of CRC patients (12.

The study's goals are to use pyocyanin pigment produced by the clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a reducing and stabilizing agent for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their use it antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical sources. The antibiotic susceptibility test of E. Coli isolates was shown to be resistant to ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, piperacillin-triazole, tetracycline, and ticarcillin, while sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, and Imipenem. NiO NPs are synthesized by using nickel sulfate NiSO₄ (10g) with a concentration of pyocyanin (10mg/10ml). The NiO NPs synthesized were characterized

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous Aloe vera on susceptibility to root fracture resistance (RFR) in human teeth subjected to endodontic preparation, and compare it with chemical irrigants (sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and SmearOFF). A total of 40 human maxillary first molars that were extracted and had a straight palatal root. These roots were distributed randomly based on the irrigation regimes (n=8): G1: Distilled water; G2: 3% NaOCl; G3: 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA; G4: Smearoff; and G5: 90% Aloe vera, and then endodontically prepared using the ProTaper Next rotary system