The objective of this research to investigate  the agricultural techniques used by farmers in reducing the losses of wheat and barley crops in the governorates of the central of Iraq. To achieve the research objectives, use descriptive approach, which is one of the research methods The eight governorates of the central region of Iraq were selected except of Salah al-Din and Anbar were excluded due to poor security conditions. Random sampleS of 50% were selected from three governorates covered (Najaf, Karbala, Babylon) with33, agricultural divisions (25%) and 8, agricultural divisions distributed over the governorates were covered by the research. A random sample of 1% of the wheat and barley farmers were selected in the agri

This study was carried out using 94 ewes at Erbil plain - Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the period from May 2016 to April 2017. The overall mean mortality rates from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age were 8.6 and 6.6%, respectively. Age of dam, type of birth, weight of the dam at matting, Body Condition Score (BCS) and birth weight had an important significant (P<0.05) impact on lamb mortality from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age. This research revealed  that a higher  lamb  mortality (4.2%) was registered for  dams aged  2 years, while a  lower mortality(6.6%) was found in dams aged 5-6 years, no significant differences in mortality among males and females were appeare

The objective of this study to investigate  meat production by steers of different genotypes. In order to study the productivity of Simmental and black and white Simmental x Holstein cross bred, steers, six groups of bull-calves with 15 animals each, were formed. The first group consisted of Simmental steers, the second group (3/8) blooded, the third group (1/2) blooded, the fourth group (5/8) blooded, the fifth group (3/4) blooded  and the sixth group (7/8)  blooded Holstein steers respectively. Under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance purebred Simmental animals grow more intensively. At 18-months of age they exceed (3/8) Holstein blooded bull calves by 6.2 kg, half blooded by 16.5 kg, (5/8) blooded by

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the antioxidant actitivity of the plant  Capparis spinosa leaves were collected during (April- Sept,2017) from Baghdad. Water and alcohol extracts were prepared from them and more methods were used to estimate the antioxidant efficacy, the iron binding method, The hydrolysis of hydroxide peroxide and the effect of free radical inhibiting. The water extract of alkaline leaves for April and May samples was characterized by the correlation of iron ion (97.8 and 98.1%) respectively, as well as the alcoholic extract of the April,June,July (89.47, 95.5 and 96.9%) respectively at  same concentration of 10 mg / ml, these samples were superior to EDTA-Na and citric acid w

The objective of this study was to investigate effect of wheat germ extraction on the   fermented milk products, which prepared using single and two types of mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, ready premixed and 1: 1 mixture with inoculation of 5% in reconstituted skimmed milk 12% TS Which reinforced with different concentrations of wheat germ extracts 0, 5, 10 and 15% for treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4)  respectively. The results showed that the height of the viscosity of all the products increased by the percentage of added wheat germ extract. The best treatment (10%) of T3, which was 52, 65, 57 and 64

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the administration of oleobiotic to the drinking water of Japanese quails. Three different concentrations ofoleobiotic (0, 30 or 50 ml/1000L) were administrated in the drinking water and provided to the birds for 5 weeks. Throughout the five weeks experimental period, there was no significant effect of oelobiotic on the performance parameters including (feed intake, body weight, weight gain and FCR) of Japanese quail. The liver was heavier and there was a tendency of spleen to be heavier by rising levels of oleobiotic. Among the measured biochemical parameters of serum, the concentration of albumin increased in the birds that received the medi

Bacterial starter Lactobacillus plantarum at concentration of 5% was added to the pastarma which was manufactured by using buffalo meat at ratio of 3 meat: 1fat. The fermentation process was done at 37 C^o and relative humidity of 80-85% for 48 hours for each inoculated sample. After this process, spices and garlic were added, the pastrama was stuffed in natural covers. The pastrama was matured at 15-17 C^o and relative humidity degree of 75-80% for 3 weeks. This study was carried out for following effect of the bio preservation by using Lactobacillus plantarum in the buffalo meat pastarma the microbial tests of the meat mixture showed that the total count of microorganisms, coliform

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract by (ethanol: methanol 1:1) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at different concentration started with 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity was determined by the agar well diffusion method to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus emblica had the highest antibacterial activity at 20 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL except in Pseudomonas aeruginosa where the value of inhibition was between 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL whereas The MIC concentration

Iraq has been endemic for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with natural infection causing significant losses in the poultry industry since 1968. This study was designed to  identify a natural infection of NDV  occurred in three governorate in the northern part of Iraq (Erbil, Sulymaniyah and Duhok)  among chicken flocks and estimate its virulence  by the mean death times(MDT) and intra-cerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). Ninety six flocks with high mortality were examined for post mortem lesions and the samples collected from suspected ND chicken flocks, either sick or dead showed characteristic clinical findings and show positive rapid test for NDV antigen. The collected sample

This study investigate the effect of concentration of lead ions (Pb²⁺) at 0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10,20,30, 40,50 and 100 mg L^-1, concentrations of the quantity of the adsorbed Pb on surface of calcium carbonate at a temperature of 298° Kelvin with all other variables remained constant, was carried out and this experiment was conducted in a single batch and using lead nitrate solution . The results showed that quantity of the adsorbed lead increased from 2.6 to 1924 mg kg^-1 Calcium carbonate, and when single and two surface  Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin and Polani equations were applied, they were able to describe lead adsorption on the surface of calcium carbonate at the used concentratio

The current study investigated the effect of water quality (the salinity of the irrigation water) and Tillage system on some soil physical properties. The experiment was carried out using RCBD with three replicates. wheat was irrigated by three water sources, a  river ,dranege and well waters with electrical conductivities  1.3, 3.5 and 6.9 ds.m^-1 respectively and three tillage systems were zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and deep tillage (DT). After harvest, some soil physical properties were evaluated including: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity and mean weight diameter. The result showed that the bulk density values were 1.40, 1.44 and 1.47

Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism (MSAP) was used to characterize the alterations in DNA methylation in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and their half-daillels affected by plant densities (213333 plant h-1 and 13333 plant h-1). The two restriction was enzymes ( HpaII and MspI) succeeded in diagnosing a total of 23 specific loci, most of (22 loci) were Methylation Sensitive Loci (MSL), while the only one NML (No Methylated Loci) was monomorphic. Thirteen out of 22 MSL loci polymorphic, recording a were polymorphism percentage of 59%. Results of FeSOD gene expression cleared the different response of maize inbreds and hybrids to high plant density stress. Generally, the expression of  the targeted gene

 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of some amino acids on tillering and grain yield of bread wheat cultivars. A field experiment was carried out at the agricultural experiment station, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the two winter seasons, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Randomized Complete Block Design within split plots arrangement was used in three replicates. The experiment included two factors, the first (main plots) was the wheat cultivars (IPA 99, Buhooth 22, and Abu-Graib3) and the second (sub-plots) was foliar application three amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Glycine, and L-Lysine) with concentrations 50 and 100 mg L^-1 and the amino

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of deprivation on productive traits of newly post hatched chicks. A total number of Ross 308 birds (120) were divided into four groups as in the following way: group1 (G1=38 bird), was regarded as positive control and had been supplied directly with the feed, whereas group2 (G2=27 bird), group3 (G3=28 bird) and group4 (G4=27 bird) were supplied with the diet at post hatch period of 24h, 48hr and 72h respectively. Water supplied was ad libitum to all groups immediately after placing. Result revealed that G1 showed significant performance (P<0.05) according to the level of yolk sac absorption (Y.S.A), Feed Conversion Ratio (F.C.R). The final body weight gain (B.W.G) sh

The aim of this study is to determine the toxicity of Thymus Vulgaris aquatic plant extracts comparing with copper sulfates against Bulinus truncatus the vector of urinary Bilharziasis. Samples of the snails were collected from a site in Al-Rasheed district (30 km) southern of Baghdad.  The isolation, identification, and acclimatization made in the laboratory. Many toxic parameters as NOEL (Non-Observed Effect Level), Threshold, EC (Effective Concentration) and LC (Lethal Concentration) levels were determined in this study. The EC50 of T. vulgaris and Copper sulfates to B. truncatus were (8.4, and 0.9g/L) respecti

This study was conducted to investigate the normal maturation process of erythriod lineage in bone marrow of adult Iraqi goat. Five healthy adult male goats aged 26-34 months were chosen for this study. A simple technique used for obtaining marrow from goats, employs sedation  xylazine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg body weight. Skin incision was made over the iliac crest. Marrow was aspirated with a syringe and smears were made directly.  Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of an adult goat included a successive morphological alteration resulting in production of erythrocytes. The lineage of erythroid of bone marrow of adult goat comprises; Rubriblast , Prorubricytes, Rubricytes, Metarubricytes, and Reticulocyt

A field trial has been conducted at the fields of Agriculture College/ Salahaddin University- Erbil in order to evaluate the addition of some organic fertilizers to some wheat varieties and their susceptibility to attack by both corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis and wheat thrips, Haplothrips tritici with their predators. Three types of organic fertilizers (livestock manure, poultry manure + plant compost & plant compost) in a rate of (10 m³/ ha) and synthetic fertilizer (NPK) at (0.1 m³/ha) were applied into the soil. There were significant effects of organic farming on decreasing the population density of both

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of protein in quails fed fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger (FPKC). Ninety six three-weeks-old female quails were raised in 16 cages with 60 x 60 x 40 in size of each and 6 quails each. Diets were formulated by yellow corn, rice bran, soybean meal, coconut meal, fish meal, bone meal, premix, palm kernel cake and fermented palm kernel cake by Aspergillus niger. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 blocks as replications. The treatments were R0 = basal diet as a control diet, R1 = basal diet + 15 % FPKC, R2 = basal diet + 20 % FPKC, R3 = basal diet + 25 % FPKC. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight ga

The objectives of this research are to determine the optimal agricultural plane to achieve the optimum crop combination that maximizes the profits and the total and net agricultural income of the Al-Rasheed / Hamorabi Farm in Baghdad using L.P technique to reach the production volume that maximizes profit to choose the best plan and to increase the efficiency of the use of available resources at the farm level, to optimize the utilization of natural water resources and to protect them from the risk of attrition and to promote their use by deriving mathematical models for use in water needs assessment, including the application of an agricultural rotation to maintain soil fertility. The research has reached a numb

This research aims to estimate production functions through which production relations, possibilities for production elements substitution, measurement of its substitution elasticity, and efficiency and distribution coefficients can be analyzed. This would be done through estimation of constant elasticity of substitution production function for agricultural companies in Iraq depending on data from Iraqi Stock Exchange reports of 2005-2016. The researcher had used panel data model and estimated its three models: the Pooled Regression Model (PRM), the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effect Model (REM). A comparison was made for theses three models using F, LM, Husman tests. Tests show that Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the be

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of topping and plant densities on growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) .A field experiment was conducted at the research station of Field Crop Department-  College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad,during  two summer seasons (2016 and 2017).This study included two factors using Ranndomiled Complele Block Design within split plot arrangement  .The first factor, regulate growth  through foliar with the growth retardants (pix) at the beginning of flower buds appearance , foliar at the beginning of The flower appearance and growing tips topping at the  beginning of flower buds appearanc

This study was conducted in the lath house, Horticultural Department, College of Agriculture – University of Baghdad- Jadriya during the spring and autumn seasons 2015 to investigate the influence of humic acid spray and calcium chloride spray on f “Yanara” gerbera cultivar.  This study included two factors; humic acid spray (H) and calcium chloride spray (Ca). The first factor four levels were used, 0, (H₀), 5 (H₅), 7.5 (H_7.5) and 10 (H₁₀) ml.L^-1 and four levels of calcium chloride, 0 (Ca₀), 50 (Ca₅₀), 100 (C

An experiment  was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory, College of Education For Pure Science, Diyala Uinversity in 2014-2015,to investigate the influences of Benzyl adenine and Salicylic acid on  growth and total alkaloids production for Wethinia plant )Withania somnifera L (.in vitro .Four concentrations of Benzyl Adenine)BA (0.0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.l^-1, which were represented with A0  ،A1 ، A2  and A3  were used respectively، and also four concentrations of Sal

يهدف هذا البحث الى عزل بعض فطريات التربة ودراسة دورها كعزلات مفردة ومختلطة في التكسير الحيوي للمبيد الفطري كاربندزايم وبتراكيز مختلفة ولفترتين زمنيتين من الحضن. اظهرت النتائج ان اعلى نسبة تكسير حيوي للمبيد الفطري في تركيز4 جزء بالمليون  لوحظت في المزرعة المفردة للفطر Aspergillus niger  وكانت (69.66 % و 99.96 %) على التتابع بعد 10 و20 يوم من الحضن. اما المزرعة الفطر

تنتشر عائلة Myrtaceae على نطاق واسع في آسيا وقد كانت أكبر مجموعة من النباتات ؛ بشكل رئيسي الأشجار والقليل من الشجيرات. موزعة في جميع أنحاء العالم في المناطق الاستوائية وشبه الاستوائية. Syzygium هو أكبر جنس ذو قيمة اقتصادية موجود في جميع أنحاء شبه الجزيرة الماليزية. العلاقات التطورية داخل Syzygium غير واضحة ولا توجد حاليًا معايير موثوقة لتقسيم الجنس إلى كيانات

نفذت هذه الدراسة في كراجي ايران في الموسميين 2017 و 2018  لتقييم الزراعة الصيفية في 22  حزيران والزراعة الربيعية 20  نيسان لستة تراكيب وراثية من البنجر السكري و ثلاثة مواعيد حصاد (13 تشرين اول و 2  تشرين ثاني و 23 تشرين ثاني لحساب الكتلاز ( CAT ) و مال

This study conducted to find the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal by Spirulina Arthospira platensis on some blood picture and biochemical criteria in  common carp Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed on five experimental diets contained spirulina with ratio 1.45%, 2.90%, 3.54% and 6.10% of the total diet as well as control ( without spirulina) for 56 days . Results of the statistical analysis showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in the concentration of hemoglobin in treated fish fed on spirulina diets, meanwhile a significantly differences (p≤0.05) for stress index and the albumin criteria for fish fed at fifth diet comparing with control diet. The aspartate amino transferase

The point of this study was for determine of the optimum conditions and purification of alginate lyase from local isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NA11, and inhibition of enzyme by various plant extracts. Forty local  isolate s of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa were screened for their ability to produce alginate lyase. Local isolate of P.aeruginosa NA11 showed the maximum efficiency for produce of alginate lyase with high specific activity (14.4 U/mg). Several factors that influence on alginate lyase production from local isolate of P.aeruginosa NA11 were studied, these factors included the type of media, carbon source, nitrogen source

Forty broiler chickens, One - day old were randomly divided into four equal groups:  1^st group was immunized with 0.5 ml of whole sonicated salmonella antigens (WSSAgs), protein concentration 1.89 mg/ml. Two dose  two weeks intervals, S/C at 7 days old  and  the  chicks  fed   contaminated diet with  mycotoxins for 7 week,   2^nd group was immunized with WSSAgs only and treated  as  1^st group,  3^rd group fed diet contaminated with  mycotoxins  and 4^th

The present study was carried out to synthesis silver nanoparticles by using Aloe Vera gel and evaluates antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible- spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Reduction of the Ag+ to Ag0 during exposure to the Aloe Vera gel extract was followed by color change of the solution from colorless, yellow to dark brown within 24 hours. It is observed that surfa