الخلفية: يعتبر استئصال اللوزتين من أكثر العمليات الجراحية شيوعًا في طب و جراحة الأنف والأذن والحنجرة ، ويعتبر نزيف ما بعد استئصال اللوزتين من المضاعفات الخطيرة. تم استخدام عدة طرائق لتقليل معدل نزيف ما بعد استئصال اللوزتين ، إحدى هذه الطرائق ؛ وهي طريقة حديثة نسبيًا ، هي التطبيق المحلي للبلازما الغنية بالصفائح الدموية (PRP) على قاع اللوزتين.

هدف الدراسة: تقييم دور التطبيق المحلي للبلازم

Background: Klebsiella oxytoca is an emerging pathogen causing hospital- and community-acquired infections. Hypermucoviscous phenotype and biofilm development are considered markers of hypervirulence, causing invasive infections in healthy adults
Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the ability of K. oxytoca isolates to form biofilms and incorporate hypermucoviscous characteristics.
Method: One hundred K. oxytoca isolates were collected from hospitals in the Medical City Teaching Hospital Complex, in Baghdad, Iraq. The isolates were identified by conducting manual and biochemical tests. The hypermucoviscous characteristic was analyzed by usi

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex, multifactorial autoimmune disease in which a person's genetic predisposition plays a significant role. Alopecia areata has been linked to various autoimmune conditions. There is a significant likelihood that autoimmune thyroid disorders will coexist with these conditions.

Objectives: To determine the association between alopecia areata and subclinical thyroid dysfunction, and to assess serum cortisol levels and their relationship with AA.

Methods: ‏The case-control study, conducted at the Dermatology Center of Baghdad Teaching Hospital from October 2023 to February 2024, involved 80 AA patients and 40 healthy controls. Thyroi

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic disease characterized mainly by chronic cough with the production of purulent sputum. It is still seen in Iraq and developing countries, although its incidence is much lower in the developed countries.

Objectives: To highlight the etiology and the diagnostic workup of patients affected by this disease process and to assess the outcome of the surgical intervention in a properly selected patient.

Methods: Fifty-six patients were enrolled in the current study. Thirty patients were excluded as they were not surgical candidates. Twenty-six patients met our criteria, as the

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent synthetic stimulant that significantly impacts the central nervous system and can lead to severe liver damage. Prolonged METH use causes hepatocytes damage and fibrosis, marked by increased laminin deposition, a key component of the extracellular matrix produced by stellate cells during liver injury.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of METH abuse on liver function and laminin (LN) levels, correlating these with the duration and concentration of METH use.

Methods: Conducted from January to August 2024, this case-control study involved 75 male participants with METH addiction (6-120 months of use) and 75 he

Background: Indomethacin is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for treating pain and fever. It is coupled with oxidative stress and an inflammatory response, which accounts for several detrimental effects on the body’s organs.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the potential of using SSaw palmetto extract to counteract the oxidative stress and inflammatory response resulting from Indomethacin treatment in rat models.

Methods: The study involved 20 male albino rats, arbitrarily sorted into four groups of 5 animals each group. Group 1 (control group) was neither induced nor treated. Groups (2-4) were treated with oral Omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) and Saw pal

Background: Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgeries, and changes in intraocular pressure might occur after cataract surgery, and some postoperative medications might affect it.

Objectives: Evaluate the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug bromfenac 0.09% ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification surgery and report any side effects of the drug.

Patient and Method: This is a prospective study done in an ophthalmic center in Iraq involving adult patients with senile or iatrogenic cataracts prepared for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and were divided into two groups:

Background: Most individuals with inflammatory arthritis are diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is an immunological disorder characterized by the development of autoantibodies, particularly anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) antibodies, which play a significant role in initiating inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that the production of cytokines contributes to the progression and dissemination of RA.

Objectives: To assess the predictive capability of Interleukin 41 (IL-41) compared with ACCP and its correlation with disease activity and treatment response in a group of Iraqi patients afflicted with RA.

Methods: One hundred patients with RA

Background: Insulin produced by pancreatic β cells ceases in people with type1 diabetes mellitus, an endocrine disease caused by autoimmune damage. It can cause weight loss. Energy balance controls the secretion of ghrelin, a peptide hormone made by entering endocrine cells found in the oxyntic glands of the stomach fundus. 

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum ghrelin and body mass index in newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The study involved 120 pediatric participants aged 2-14 years conducted from February to May 2024. They were divided into four groups: group 1 contains 40 lean patients with type 1 d

Background: Birth defects are the leading cause of both neonatal and post-neonatal deaths, as an estimated 240,000 neonates die in their first month of life worldwide each year. In Iraq, local studies have shown varying frequencies and types of congenital anomalies.

Objectives: To provide a new insight into the incidence and types of congenital anomalies and to explore their possible risk factors in Baghdad City.
Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 2007 neonates were enrolled from six hospitals in Baghdad during the period extending between September and December 2020. Hospital records and personal interviews were used for data collection. These d

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare and aggressive neoplasm typically presents in young children, younger than 5 years, as a pulmonary and/or pleural-based tumor. We reported a case of type-II pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in an 8 month old infant who presented to Al-Khansa'a Maternity Hospital in Western Mosul with a history of repeated attacks of shortness of breath and signs of pulmonary infection unresponsive to treatment. A bronchoscopic examination showed a mass involved and obstructed the orifice of the main bronchial tree of the right upper lung lobe. A thoracotomy was performed; tumor involved the right upper lung lobe, the covering pleural surface and invading the mediastinal structures. Right

خلفية: لقد استخدمت دراسات وراثية خلوية لتقييم التعرض للمادة مسرطنة أو مطفرة والآثار في وقت مبكر في ضبط والمهنية البيولوجية والبيئية. عدوى بكتيرية لم تقليديا تعتبر الأسباب الرئيسية ASA من السرطان. وقد تم ربط البكتيريا لسرطان بواسطة آليتين: تحريض من التهاب مزمن وإنتاج الأيضات البكتيرية المسببة للسرطان.

الهدف: لأن مفاهيم جديدة في العلاقة مع الأورام الخبيثة عدوى معينة يتم تنفيذ هذه

Background: Several factors render chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an interesting subject for study by researchers. These include marked progress in understanding the molecular biology of normal and neoplastic lymphocytes and recent advances in molecular genetics techniques. Among molecular markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have been widely studied.
Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of VEGF in the pathogenesis of CLL and its role in disease progression.
Patients, materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 60 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (45 males & 15 females) compared with 20 controls (anemic patients), all recr

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant clonal expansion of plasma cells. Previous studies had demonstrated that both bone marrow angiogenesis as measured by microvessel density (MVD) and PCNA were increased in variety of malignant disorders, including multiple myeloma.
Objective: Assessment of angiogenesis in bone marrow of MM patients by using immunohistochemical stain to measure microvessel density (MVD) using factor VIII –related antigen and to evaluate the expression of PCNA antigen in plasma cells of MM bone marrow sections . Also to find the correlation between these two parameters and between them and the percentage of plasma cells infiltration in bone marrow of MM.
Patients, materia

Background: Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common cancer worldwide, it accounts for 6.5% of all cancers, with highest incidence in industrialized countries .It represents the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth in women. Bladder carcinoma depends in its pathogenesis on a combination of genetic and environmental factors, these factors produce phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous and finally acquire the “malignant phenotype".  Many attempts had been tried to explore the role of some genetic abnormalities encountered in bladder carcinoma. It has indicated that many genetic abnormalities may underline the pathogenesis of cancer evolution of urinary

Background: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common rheumatologic syndrome with multiple manifestations and associated with many diseases, it characterized by chronic wide
spread muscular pain and tenderness. Resistin is an adipokine discovered in 2001 and considered as a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes by antagonizing and resisting the
action of insulin as it name encompass ;resistin (resist insulin) . It is secreted mainly from adipose tissue in mice and from white blood cells besides the adipose tissue in humans.
Research reviled that resistin has a role in some inflammatory diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).
Objective: The objective of this study is to measure Resistin concentration and

Background typhoid fever is the commonest cause of non traumatic terminal ileal perforation in our study with a grave postoperative morbidity & mortality depending upon preoperative time delay &/or type of surgical intervention practiced. 
Objective to evaluate the frequency of non traumatic causes of terminal ileal perforation, their presentations,perforation-operation interval effect on complications, as well as different modalities of treatment and their complications.
Methods the study is a prospective study of 82 patients with perforation of terminal ileum diagnosed by explorative laparatomy in Al Kindy teaching hospital ,Baghdad, Iraq from April 2008- December 2010, all of the patien

Background: Bicycling is a type of aerobic exercise that it is beneficial for the health of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems .In this study, utilization of some of electrophysiological tests is to assess changes , from the functional point of view, in the peripheral nerves & their muscles that occur in relation to maximal exercise.
patients & methods: 100 young healthy males , age (18-35) years old, were collected during the period from 1st of April to 1st of October 2008 at the department of neurophysiology in the Ibn Sinna teaching hospital , Mosul city. They underwent electroneurographic assessment of common peroneal & tibial nerves, in addition to electromyographic as

Background: Kisspeptin the product of the gene Kiss1 is a G-protein coupled receptor legend for GPR54. Kiss1 was originally identified as a human metastasis suppressor gene that has the ability to suppress melanoma and breast cancer metastasis. It is recently become clear that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has an important role in initiating GnRH secretion at puberty, the extent of which is an area of ongoing research.
Objective: The present study was designed to determine the change of plasma kisspeptin levels during the menstrual cycle
Materials & Methods: A total of 20 women from friends and relatives pool were involved in this study. Selected from frinds and relative .They were selected after meas

Background: Until today, the etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains unknown, although hints of its etiologic basis lay on genetic susceptibility, infectious agents and alterations in immune mechanics.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible alterations in salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) level in patients with RAS and its relation with clinical types of disease.
Subjects and Methods: Salivary TNF-α levels were investigated in 50 RAS patients and 25 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Single radial immune diffusion method was used for estimation of IgA level in two studied groups.
Results: S

Background: Recent studies have shown that the anti-fertility effects of Ketoconazole can be minimized by taking an antioxidant nanoparticles based-plant extract in combination with the medication or by taking it after medication. One of the effective methods to improve its medicinal properties and decrease the toxicities of Selenium is by formulating it as nanoparticles. However, this is still a challenging strategy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of nano selenium, which was prepared from Eruca Sativa extract, on testicular oxidative stress parameters in rats that were treated with ketoconazole. The study will focus on the evaluation of glutathione p

المقدمة: سرطان الثدي هو احد انواع الاورام الخبيثة  الاكثر شيوعا في النساء على مستوى العالم .تم ربط الاصابة بفيروس الورم الحليمي البشري مع العديد من السرطانات في الانسان بالاضافة الى سرطان عنق الرحم ومنها سرطان الثدي .

الهدف: للتحري عن وجود  فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري  للانواع 6 ,11 في عينات سرطان الثدي باستخدام تقنية التهجين الموضعي .

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خلفية البحث: الأحتياطات الشاملة ,كما تعرف من قبل مركز السيطرة على اللأمراض الأنتقالية الامريكي (CDC)

مجموعة من الأحتياطات المعدة للوقاية من انتقال مرض نقص المناعة المكتسبة , التهاب الكبد الفايروسي نمط B وغيرها من الأمراض المنقولة عن طريق الدم والتي يجب ممارستها عند تقديم الرعاية الصحية .

هدف الدراسة: لتقييم المعارف والممارسات لدى العاملين على

الخلفية النظرية: أن سرطان الثدي هو مرض معقد, ومتعدد الاوجه يشمل تنوع كبير من الكيانات التي تظهر تباين كبير في الصفات السريرية والصرفية والجزيئية.

الغرض من الدراسة: تقييم مستوى المرض من الناحية الجزيئية بالنسبة للمرضى (مستقبلات الأستروجين , والبروجستيرون, و Her2/neu و Ki-67 ).

المرضى وطريقة البحث: أنها دراسة وصفية مقطعية تمت في مستشفى الأورم

الخلفية:  يتميز تليف نقي العظم الاولي عن طريق التوسع نسيلي من الخلايا الجذعية المكونة للدم مع انتشار النسيلي غير الفعال من الخلايا الليفية وتليف نخاع العظام، والذي يحدث في تكون الدم خارج النقي . المظاهر السريرية في تليف نقي العظم الاولي تشمل فقر الدم وتضخم الطحال الملحوظ والأعراض البنيوية. عدم فعالية كريات الحمر وتكون الدم خارج النخاع هي الأسباب الرئيسية لفقر الدم وضخامة الأعضاء.

الخلاصة : يتكون مستضد  CD19البشري من  95 كيلودالتون من سكريات البروتين عبر الغشاء. والعائد الى عائلة الكوبيولين المناعي  يقع وجين CD19 يقع على الذراع القصير من كروموسوم 16 ,وهو عضو في عائلة الكوبيولين المناعي على سطح الخلايا اللمفاوية بيتا , ويلعب دورا محوريا في تمايز الخلايا B وتنشيطها . وتقترح البحوث بان الطفرات الوراثية في الجين  CD19 تؤدي الى فقدان التعبير الغشائي لل CD19 &nbsp

number of neonatal mortality rate (NMR). This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between conflict and neonatal mortality in Baghdad, Iraq.
Objective: Throw a light on the impact of conflicts on neonatal mortality in Iraq.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in two hospitals in Baghdad that were chosen randomly. All deceased newborns in neonatal intensive care units from January 2012 to December 2016 in the mentioned hospitals were included in this study.
Results: The admissions were increased during the period of the study by 1.3 times. There was a decrease in admission by 0.9 in 2016 than 2015. There was an increase in NMR during the period of the study by 1.4 times, from 60/1000 in 2012 to 85/1000

المقدمة: استعمال البخاخ هو الطريقة الفعالة لعلاج تهيج الربو والاعراض المصاحبة له, وله فوائد عديدة وبنفس الوقت له سلبيات تعتمد على طريقة الاستخدام له وهذه السلبيات يمكن التغلب عليها بمعرفة الطريقة الصحيحة لاستخدامه والتدريب عليها.

 الاهداف: لمعرفة نسبة المرضى المصابين بالربو الذين لا يستخدمون البخاخ بصورة صحيحة فيما يتعلق بتقنية الاستخدام والجر

Background: Non-traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) results from rupture of blood vessels in the brain. ICH categories can also be considered as being either lobar in location or within the deep white matter. Although hypertension is a major risk factor for ICH in general[11], it is commonly considered to be associated more with patients having deep than with those having lobar haemorrhage.
Objectives: We investigate the relationship between hypertension and deep versus lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
Methods: a retrospective review of records of 163 patients aged 18-89 years admitted to Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital (January 2008 - October 2010) and diagnosed with ICH.
Results: There was no significant relationship

المقدمة:  تعد أورام الخلايا النجمية أكثر أورام الجهازالعصبي المركزي شيوعا", الذي يكون فيه نوع الخلية السائد مشتق من الخلية النجمية. إن كل من (Ki-67  و P53) بروتينات خلوية لها دورا" في القابلية الامراضية وتطور درجة خبث أورام الخلايا النجمية. يعد تصنيف منظمة الصحة العالمية للسنوات (١٩٧٩ ١٩٩٣٬ ٢٠٠٠٬و٢٠٠٧)هو التصنيف الاوسع أستعمالا"لاورام الخلايا النجمية ويقسم هذه الاورام الى اربعة درجات.