uppose that  be a ring, the non-zero divisor graph of  denoted by  and defined as a simple graph has vertex set \{0,  and different vertices  are adjacent  if and only if    or . For the prime ring R, we aim to investigate the structure of the graph . This involved the behavior of the nilpotent elements of the prime ring inside the graph as well as proving the graph is connected with girth of three. Furthermore, characterize certain universal vertex in the graph.

The generalized Ramos-Louzada distribution (GRL) is a potential option for modeling the survival data which considers flexibility while modeling data with decreasing, increasing, reversed-J shaped, and J-shaped hazard rate functions. It should however be noted that the most widely used technique of parameter estimation of GLR is the maximum likelihood technique (MLE). While the MLE is quite efficient in large samples, they are known to be highly biased for small samples. We are therefore forced to come up with essentially nonbiased estimators for GRL parameters. Particularly, we investigate two procedures of bias correction: bootstrap and analytical methods in order to minimize MLE bias up to the second-degree. Two real-world data applic

The dynamics and physics of the atmospheric layer nearest to the Earth's surface are included in the boundary layer meteorology. This research aims to evaluate the impacts of aerosols at different altitudes with various optical properties on CBL development. The greatest impact occurs when aerosol absorption is low but close to the peak of CBL. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of aerosols which reduce the net heating, which in turn causes a decrease in the height of the CBL and increases the partitioning of the boundary layer. The methods used in the study depend on the hourly average height boundary taken from the European Centre for Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the year 2021 over Baghdad City. It showed tha

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the Poaceae family (Gramineae). Is momentous for human nutrition, and the stresses can affect strongly on the phenotype characteristics of the plant. The aim of this study was to determine how electric shock on germinated grain (for 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mins.) and heat shock at ( 35 oC, 40 oC and 45 oC) applied after phase out the radical length of 2-5 mm, from the grain of two wheat Varieties: “Baghdad 1” and “Babylon 113”. The electric shock for 2.5 mins., lead to delay of flowering, from day to 50 % flowering was 93 day, as well as, gave lowest value of plant height 64.5cm and lowest spike length was 10.7 cm. While The highest flag leaf area was obtained by electric shock for 5 mins. was 56.6

PM3 semiempirical method and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of the type (B3LYP) and a Gaussian basis set (6-311G) were carried out for fullerene C60 molecule with its construction units (5radialene, 1,2,3-trimethylene indan, and corannulene), to evaluate the geometrical structure (bond lengths, symmetry, and energetic such as heat of formation ΔH0f, total energy Etot., dipole moment μ, EHOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), energy gap ΔEHOMO-LUMO), the distribution of electron density and vibration frequencies, all at their equilibrium geometries. Assignment of the vibrations modes was done according to the movement of the atoms as a result of DFT calculatio

The new ligand N-[2-(2-Phenyl hydrazinyl)Phenyl]benzothiazol-2-amine (L) was prepared from the reaction of orthoaminohydrazo benzene with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in mole ratio (1:1). It was characterized by elemental analysis (CHN), 1H, 13C-NMR, IR and UV-Vis. The complexes of the bivalent ions Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) have been prepared and characterized. The structural feature were established by elemental analysis (CHN), IR, UV-Vis spectra, conductivity measurements, atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility. All complexes have been showed octahedral geometry except Cu(II) complex showed square planer. Dissociation degree, stability constant and molar absorptivity (l. mol-1. cm-1) were calculated for all c

The present study aims to isolate and identify ectoparasites, specifically hard ticks, that infest both domestic and wild rabbits. This research is motivated by the heightened sensitivity of rabbits to infestations by hard ticks, which are recognized as the primary vectors of certain blood-borne diseases, particularly Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF). The study areas were spread across five provinces in Iraq: Baghdad, Karbala, Wasit, Mosul, and Al-Anbar. A total of 85 hard ticks (42 male and 43 female) were infested by 57 rabbits (Leporidae Family), including 19 wild rabbits (hare) with an infestation rate of 100% and 38 domestic rabbits with an infestation rate of 18.42%. Total of infestation was 45.61%. The current results are the occurre

The study involved seven Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars propagated through tissue culture (TC) and two cultivars propagated by offshoots (Offs). The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was used as the marker for investigation. In an effort to institute genetic relations between various date palm cultivars and uncover their molecular evolution, trees were constructed using the ''neighbor-joining''  (NJ) and ''maximum parsimony'' (MP) approaches. The variation in GC content in the ITS1 region was recorded at 52–53%. The data suggests that transitions have a lower frequency compared to transversions in this region, where the overall bias R for transition/transversion h

In this work, nine new cyclic imides 10-18 were synthesized starting with 4-aminoacetophenone and heterocyclic amines (2-aminothiazole, 4-aminopyridine, and 4-aminoantipyrine). The first step included a condensation between 4-aminoacetophenone and heterocyclic amines to afford the corresponding imines 1-3 in 82-90% yields. These imines (1-3) were then treated with phthalic and maleic anhydrides to give heterocyclic iminophthalamic and maleamic acids 4-9, which were dehydrated using fusion conditions to provide the desired phthalimides and maleimides (10-15) in yields ran

Colorectal cancer is a malignant condition that can arise from multiple causative factors. It ranks second, behind lung cancer, as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Extensive research has been conducted to unravel the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, epigenetic modifications of histones at the DNA level have become significantly involved in several malignant diseases such as CRC. Hence, this research sought to assess, for the first time locally, the immunoexpression of HDAC-1 and 3 in a group of colorectal patients. Additionally, we explored potential correlations between the expression of HDAC-1, 3 and VEGF. This retrospective study encompass

Trogoderma granarium Everts 1898, commonly known as the khapra beetle, is a widespread pest species affecting stored grains. Samples of this pest were collected from different geographical regions across four governorates in Iraq, namely Mosul, Salahdin, Dhi Qar, and two regions within Baghdad (Latifiya and Jamila). The current study provides a detailed description of T. granarium about the morphological characteristics of the three body regions and their appendages that studied and supported by illustrations. Due to the morphological similarity between this species and many closely related species, accurate identification is challenging, particularly when the stored materials are contaminated with insect remains. There

 In this article, we explore a specific subclass of the collection of analytic functions in a unit disk . This subclass is determined by quasi-subordination, and we provide exact limits for the Fekete-Szegö functional (that is, for functions in this class. The study produces well-defined borders, and we also talk about different results for new classes while making links to the ones that already exist.

Due to their capacity to influence people and their usage in news, courts, medical, and military applications, verifying the authenticity of any shared images has become crucial. Image manipulation has become so simple with modern technology. This research introduces a forgery detection method that utilizes the Histogram-Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptor. This descriptor is established by accumulating the edge orientations caused by image manipulation by a 1D histogram over an image region. The suggested method extracts HOG features in the YCbCr color space of high-frequency discrete wavelet transform (DWT) sub-bands. Later, these features are fed to a classifier to confirm the authenticity of the image or not. Two free datasets, Casia

Many products contain several natural radionuclides in their composition. Frequent use of these products increases the cumulative radiation risk. This study aimed to measure the radioactivity using NaI (Tl)detector of consumer products found in local markets that contain natural radioactive materials (NORMs) and are used for various purposes. Average specific activity values are 3.52 Bq/kg for Uranium-238, 15.77 Bq/kg for Thorium-232, and 153.53 Bq/kg for Potassium-40. The radium equivalent (Raeq) was determined to be 45.22, and the average internal and external absorbed doses for the study samples were 39.77 and 21.21 nGy/h, respectively. The average values of the measured external and internal risk indexes are 0.12 and 0.13, and the re

In this study, novel derivatives have been synthesized for 1,2,4-triazole-quinazolinone compounds. The intermediate compound, amic acid 1, was prepared through the reaction of anthranilic acid with para-methoxybenzoyl chloride. The compound benzoxazinone 2 is prepared by reacting amic acid with acetic anhydride, which upon esterification is carried out using ethylglycinate hydrochloride. Ester derivative 3 was obtained. The first line of research involved reacting the ester derivative 3 with (semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylthiosemicarbazide, phenylthiosemicarbazide) respectively to give derivatives 5-8. Compounds 5-8 were cyclized in alkalin

The study uses the photometric method, which depends on the intensity of color scale levels in the image pixels. The work is based on converting color into a wavelength in each pixel; in the beginning, the work has been verified by measuring the monochromatic wavelengths of rays, such as lasers. The Matlab program (image processing) calculated the number of lasers as 325 nm, 473 nm, 477 nm, 535 nm, 603, and 785 nm, where the results were very good and had a low error rate. The elements had distinctive colors, which indicated wavelengths in the visible range. The work was done for the sulfur element found in specific Iraqi locations, such as Al-Mashraq field in Mosul province. The image processing techniques by Matlab software, with the a

The present work displays a theoretical calculation of the differential, integral cross-sections, and momentum transfer of electrons scattering from carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide molecules (CO₂). The collision energy used ranged from 20 to 1100 eV for the CO molecule and from 10 to 700 eV for the CO₂ molecule. The partial wave analyses with complex optical model potential were used for solving the Dirac relativistic equation in the high and low energy regions. The results show decent agreement with current experimental studies and other theoretical predictions.

Over the past decades, speaker identification has gained the attention of many researchers and security companies because of its many applications in identifying individuals. Therefore, through this work, a speaker identification system has been designed and implemented. The system undergoes a preprocessing phase that involves the removal of silence, the removal of outliers, the quantization of features, and the extraction of linear predictive coding (LPC) and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features. Additionally, the system performs a mean and standard deviation analysis on all features. The third phase involved applying deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), l

This study outlines the synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives through the cyclization reaction of thiourea derivatives. The process begins with the reaction of different halides with KSCN to produce isothiocyanate derivatives. then followed by a reaction with isonicotinic acid hydrazide to yield thioureas (1-6), with a yield rate of (72-88%). Then, compounds (1-6) were treated with alkaline medium 4 N (NaOH) to produced 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (7-12) with a yield (51-69%).The structure of the prepared compounds was characterized using FTIR,¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial

    In person recognition, biometrics play an important role. Behavioral or physiological characteristics are utilized by biometrics to identify an individual. Palmprint is considered highly usable and represents a reliable and unique biometric characteristic. Nevertheless, the useful and deepest features extracted from palm prints are an essential point. The most recently developed techniques use creases, wrinkles, and principal line features. However, due to closeness, these features are not enough to distinguish two individuals. Recently, one of the most important techniques that is considered a major key to extracting deep features such as texture features is deep learning. This paper proposes a biometric palm print system using t

Static young modules (Est) can be measured in the lab on real cores. Moreover, open-hole log data can be utilized to obtain the dynamic Young's modulus (Edyn). However, dynamic Young's modulus is affected by different rock properties. Thus, dynamic rock properties must be changed to static moduli using empirical equations. In this study, an experimental dataset from shale formation has been used to produce a reliable and accurate correlation for estimating static Young's modulus from log data alone, without the need for core measurements. We used 144 data points from log data to create the new correlations. We compared the results of the new correlation with earlier correlations in the literature. The findings demonstrated that, in contr

Reservoir Geomechanics plays a crucial role in maximizing the efficiency of the drilling process, guaranteeing accurate placement of horizontal wells, and accomplishing effective well completion. Accurately determining the levels of pore pressure and the vertical, minimum, and maximum horizontal stresses is a crucial component of thorough geomechanical modeling. Mishrif carbonate reservoir in the Middle Cretaceous and Zubair sandstone reservoir in the Lower Cretaceous are the essential reservoirs in the West Qurna oilfield, southern Iraq. This study aims to analyse the best Well trajectory conditions in the carbonate and sandstone reservoirs using many correlations for thirteen wells (that were drilled from 2014 to 2016) in the West Qurn

 The monoform concept is defined as a module in which every nonzero submodule is rational. The primary goal of this research is to study this class of modules in terms of pure property, named purely monoform modules. It constitutes an extension of the monoform modules; in fact, the monoform modules are properly included in the class of purely monoform modules. Many characteristics of a purely monoform module have been offered as analogues to those in monoform modules. A discussion of how this class of modules relates to other related modules is considered, like almost monoform, purely uniform, purely quasi-Dedekind and purely prime modules. Besides that, other characterizations of the purely monoform module have been given similar to th

This research aims to give an overview of the whole of the Euphrates Formation in Iraq. The deposition of the Euphrates Formation continued for approximately 10 million years, extending from the Early Miocene to the Middle Miocene epoch, including the Aquitanian- Langhian stages (23.3 - 13.82 M.Y ago). The formation is distributed regionally, as it includes about 75% of Iraq and extends to neighbouring countries, as it is equivalent to the Asmari Formation in Iran, while it is equivalent to the Hadroukh and Hofuf formations in Saudi Arabia and Jourdan. Syria is still named the Euphrates Formation, with 200 m thick overlying the Chilou Formation. In central Iraq and Kirkuk, it is equivalent to the Serikagni Formation. The predominant faci

In this research, a model was taken to explore the relationship between the prey, the predator, and the scavenger in the diet to study dynamic behavior. This was done by forming a system of ordinary differential equations, and critical points were found for the model that match biologically and mathematically to our study.  Their existence was proven, and theories were created for the model. By applying local and global stability methods, also we were able determine the bifurcation occurring at particular sites. After that, we observed the result of cooperation in hunting, which greatly affects both prey and predators, playing a vital and influential role. Everything we mentioned above was also proven practically, using Mathematica 13.2

Geospatial tools like remote sensing and GIS are vital for evaluating, monitoring, and preserving groundwater resources, especially in changing climates. Finding areas where groundwater recharge is most likely is crucial for protecting and managing its quality. In arid regions, groundwater is extracted extensively due to its importance for various uses. This study aims to identify and categorize productive areas for groundwater in Al Najaf – Karbala fan using remote sensing and GIS. The AHP method employed the weight for each factor used to determine the map potential zones, incorporating seven factors: geomorphology, lithology, aspect, drainage density, lineaments density, land cover, and slope. Each factor was ranked and categorized

In this work, we generalized the notion of essential submodules by introduce the notion that namely pure essential submodules. We also introduce two notions pure relative complement submodules and pure uniform modules, as well as some other related concepts. The fundamental characteristics of these ideas are investigated.

Genetic factors are  associated  with  the  immunogenicity  of  coronavirus  disease  2019  (COVID-19).  This  association  reaches  the  level  of  cellular  processes  such  as  autophagy,  ferroptosis,  and  pyroptosis,  correlating  with  increased  activity  of  the  Nod-like  receptor  family,  pyrin  domain  containing  3  (NLRP3)  inflammasome.  The  present  study  focuses  on  exploring  the  linkage  between  severe  COVID-19,  CCL20  chemokines,  and  NLRP3  gene  variants  in  an  Iraqi  sample.  A  case-control  study  enrolled  99  COVID-19  patients  and  96  controls  and  measured  CCL20  levels,  disease  severity,  blood  biomarkers,  and 

The best proximity point generalization of fixed point that is beneficial when the contraction map is not a self-map. The aim of this paper is to introduce new types of proximal contraction for cyclic mapping in strong ḇ-metric space that. Let  be complete strong ḇ-metric space and let  be two nonempty closed subsets of . Take the cyclic mapping  . If  is satisfies following condition   for all and , where  then  is Kannan cyclic, if  is satisfies following condition  for all  and , where  then  is Ćirić cyclic, if  is satisfies following condition  for all  and , where  Meir-Keeler mapping then  is Meir-Keeler -Kannan-Ghatterjee. The exi

The design and production of four-blade vertical turbines for wind power are the subjects of this study. One kind of wind turbine with a vertical axis that is used to generate electricity is the giromill wind turbine. The turbine comprises a primary shaft that rotates and four straight airfoils that depict the blades. The airfoil, main shaft, and bearing of all necessary wind turbine components were developed for the Iraqi exterior highways in this study. Included in the power calculations are torque, TSR, power factor, and wind speed. After the blades are made, all the pieces are assembled from steel, aluminum, and wood components. Ultimately, testing revealed that the turbine was operating very efficiently.