In this article, we will go over the basics of e*S–hollow modules, e*S–coessential submodules and e*S–coclosed submodules as a generalization of the concepts of hollow modules, coessential submodules and coclosed submodules, respectively. We shall demonstrate some characteristics of these ideas.

This paper discussed fear and predator-dependent refuges in a harvested prey-predator model with disease in predator with using the relationship between a predator's consumption of prey and the presence of fear in the prey in the existence of an infected predator in the environment. The solution was consistently limited in order to assure the availability of a solution due to the availability of conditions. The solution points for the system were also found, and the conditions for the approach of estimating the solution has been studied stability. We studied the bifurcation of the system and illustrate that it works. This research examined the effect of harvest factor on prey impact, as well as the combined influence of death in the unwe

The high rate of occurrence of heart disease these days needs immediate advancements implementation of predictive methodologies for early diagnosis with high precision to improve the disease treatment and reduce the mortality rate. This paper proposes an efficient prediction and alarming system that integrates the multi-model deep learning techniques, such as Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN with the Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT) to enhance the ability of prediction of heart disease in the real-time environment. The proposed model offers a comprehensive solution that produces data-driven

The investigate of the dynamic behavior of viral hepatitis to stop the illness from spreading have been studied in this paper. A novel stochastic mathematical model was created in order to conduct the study. We prove this proposed model has a positive unique solution. By looking up the basic reproduction number, we also demonstrated the requirements that must be fulfilled for the injured person to heal. If   it means that the liver will get rid of the virus and heal the infected person. While if  , the infection grows and the disease can invade all liver cells. Computer simulations have also been used to illustrate these findings.

Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease and early mortality globally, it is a complex feature Determined by many factors endogenous mechanisms, genetic factors, physiological systems and environmental exposures variances. In recent years, there has been growing scientific interest and research focused on the immunological aspects of antihypertensive medications. Among these, Candesartan has emerged as a prominent subject of study. It has been demonstrated to reduce the inflammatory reactions associated with hypertension. The present study was conducted at Imam Hussein Teaching Hospital in the holy city of Karbala from December 20, 2022 to May 22, 2023. There were three distinct groups in the study which are (G1) healt

 The aim of this research is to create thin films of GO:TiO₂ by the spray pyrolysis method. Hummer’s method was utilized to prepare graphene oxide (GO). Different GO concentrations of (1, 2, 3, and 4) % were used, while a TiO₂ concentration was maintained at 4% to form films having various volume ratios of (1:4, 2:4, 3:4, and 4:4), which were then coated on FTO substrate at 400°C and later dipped into the pigment solution of anthocyanin (AD) obtained from red cabbage plant. Thin films’ composition, structure, morphology and optical properties were studied through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, field emission scanning electron m

Toll-like receptors trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections by inducing the release of inflammatory cytokines and antiviral mediators. This study aims to examine the role of TLR8 and genetic variants thereof in the progression and recovery of COVID-19 disease. It was conducted on 90 patients, (including 45 severe-critical cases, 45 mild-moderate cases),50 recovered cases, and 89 healthy people using quantitative real-time and allele-specific PCR for gene expression and gene polymorphisms determination, respectively. TLR8 gene expression did not show a significant difference among the study groups, while its median level showed statistically significant differences with respect to disease severi

The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of hepcidin levels on the diagnosis and management of T2DM patients and to investigate the association between their levels and insulin resistance. The study included 100 T2DM patients, which are divided into three groups according to disease duration: D1 (n=38; < 5 years), D2 (n=37; 5-10 years), D3 (n=25; >10 years), and 50 healthy persons as control (C). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was determined by glucose oxidase-peroxidase and glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by immunoturbidimetric assays. Serum insulin and hepcidin were evaluated using ELISA. Also, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β were calculated from FBG and insulin. The FBG, HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels increased significantly, while

Contemporary developments have indicated an escalating demand for plant-derived pharmaceutical products. Apart from their economic value, the utilization of medicinal plants is believed to pose a considerably reduced risk of adverse effects when compared to the use of synthetic drugs. One of the approaches to determine the potential of a medicinal plant against biological diseases is the quest for novel medications using natural constituents. In this present investigation, we sought to determine the immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective properties of Hydnophytum formicarum in BALB/c mice. The study used 6-week-old healthy BALB/c mice. The treatment consisted of giving different doses of H. formicarum tuber extract. To o

The rapid expansion of the population is a significant factor in the quick transformation rate of land use and land cover (LULC) in various locations worldwide. This approach led to a substantial exhaustion of natural resources. Consequently, continuous monitoring of LULC alterations has become crucial for efficiently administering natural resources and assessing the consequences of climate change. Land cover change (LULC) is widely recognized as a significant driver of environmental change that can affect human activities. Evaluating LULC change is the most accurate approach to understanding past land use patterns, identifying changes that need assessment, and establishing their substantial influence on urban environmental planning and

This study proposed an integrated security system for electronic transactions, first specifying the type of e-banking request using the two-phase commit procedure (2PC). The idea of micro-segmentation was then used to isolate individual e-transaction processes in different segments; after this, every segment was controlled by a smart contract. The Yellow Saddle Goatfish Algorithm (YSGA) was employed to detect whether the smart contract conditions were met optimally. Finally, if the customer receives approval, a distinct hash records the entire transaction procedure in the blockchain's main ledger. In a simulation environment, the proposed system was tested, and the results were: 0.0031 ns as a time to detect the smart contract's terms, a

Monitoring vegetation change is essential to monitoring natural and human factors affecting vegetation area and land use. The research aims to detect the change in vegetation cover during 2008, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2019, and 2023 in the eastern and western parts of the Tigris River in Baghdad, Iraq. Landsat 5 (Thematic Mapper) and 8 (Operational Land) satellite images were used. They were classified using the NDVI index (Normalized  Difference Vegetation Index) to detect changes in vegetation and the NBI index (New Urbanism Index) to detect urban expansion using ArcMap 10.8. The results showed that the largest vegetation cover area was 77.69 km² in 2013, followed by 2023, which was 68.58 km2; then, in 2018, it was 68.36 km

Background: Empirical knowledge on the cautious application, safety and efficacy of medicinal plants is limited especially in developing countries around the world.

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating the cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Gardenia angustifolia root bark with a comparative objective on ethyl acetate and methanol extracts.

Methods: Compound elucidation was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Cytotoxic evaluation was conducted using Artemia salina and Human Embryonic Kidney-293 (HEK-293) cell line. Antioxidant assay was conducted using 2

Chronic liver disease (CLD) can potentially cause disruptions in the normal functioning of various endocrine organs responsible for producing hormones. As a result, individuals suffering from CLD may experience fluctuations or imbalances in the levels of certain hormones within their bodies. As well as they frequently have suppressed immune systems making them more vulnerable to parasite infections. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between Toxoplasma gondii infections and liver function by analyzing the interplay between these parasites and hormones. This study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from December 2021 to May 2022. One hundred and twenty male patients with Chronic liver disease (CLD) (age:14-

In this article, a new modification of the Adomian decomposition method is presented for finding analytical and approximate solutions of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. And Comparison of obtained result with some previous methods.

The study evaluates the potential of powdered olive kernels as a natural adsorbent for extracting basic violet 10 dye from contaminated water using adsorption methods. The adsorbent material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The impact of various operating variables namely, dosage of olive kernels powder, adsorption period, starting BV10 dye concentration, temperature and pH were investigated. The experimental data obtained from the equilibrium adsorption studies fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model compared to the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetics analysis for adsorption process revealed that the pseudo-second-order model (PSOM) was more appro

This research aimed to produce Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using bacterial isolates and examine their potent antibacterial properties and toxic effects on breast cancer cell. A clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected from 170 clinical bacterial isolates for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. ZnO NPs were biosynthesized from the bacterial filtrate. The physiochemical properties of the synthesized ZnO NPs were then characterized using various techniques including UV–vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The antibacterial tests were conducted using the agar well diffusion techniq

Pollutants resulting from oil refining operations cause harmful effects on public health, especially for workers exposed for long periods. Measuring the level of specific contaminants in the blood of refinery workers is necessary to understand the relationship between exposure to pollutants and health status. This study aims to determine the levels and nature of heavy metals in the blood of occupational exposure workers in the Al-Dora refinery, Baghdad. A total of 20 blood samples (15 exposed workers and 5 non-exposed individuals (control)) were investigated to assess the level of heavy metals. An atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) was used to measure the levels of Cr, Cd, Pb, and V in the blood samples. The mean concentrations of hea

The present study considers to confirming the applicability of flow with double-sided square lid driven cavity flow by using the lattice Boltzmann equation with moment-based boundary conditions for no slip boundaries.  The boundary conditions are applied over the hydrodynamic moments of the lattice Boltzmann equations locally at each node. The investigation is carried out numerically for both single and multiple relaxation time models. To simulate two-sided lid driven-cavity flow, the top and bottom walls are moving with constant velocity while other walls are stationary. Various Reynolds numbers are used in a range of 100 and up to 5000. The present method shows the effect of the moving boundaries on the two symmetrical cavities that i

     The concept of separation axioms constitutes a key role in general topology and all generalized forms of topologies. The present authors continued the study of gpα-closed sets by utilizing this concept, new separation axioms, namely gpα-regular and gpα-normal spaces are studied and established their characterizations. Also, new spaces namely gpα-T_k  for k = 0, 1, 2 are studied.

     The transverse magnetic electron scattering form factors of ¹⁹O and ²¹Na exotic nuclei were studied in the plane wave Born approximation (PWBA). The shell model calculations with three sd-shell interactions, USDA, USDB, and Wildenthal, were carried out for the ground and low-lying excited states. The exact center of mass correction in the Born approximation picture through the translation-invariant shell model (TISM) was included to modify the transverse form factors. The measured magnetic dipole moments were well reproduced with the core polarization (CP) effect introduced through the effective g-factors. The occupancies percentage with respect to the valence nucleons was also calculated.

     Segmentation is one of the most computer vision processes importance, it aims to understand the image contents by partitioning it into segments that are more meaningful and easier to analyze. However, this process comes with a set of challenges including image skew, noise, and object clipping. In this paper, a solution is proposed to address the challenges encountered when using Optical Character Recognition to recognize mathematical expressions. The proposed method involves three stages: pre-processing, segmentation, and post-processing. During pre-processing, the mathematical expression image is transformed into a binary image, noise reduction techniques are applied, image component discontinuities are resolved, and skew corre

     This study was carried out with the freshwater mussel Unio tigridis exposed to lead nitrate. The samples of water and mussels were collected from Qandil water resources situated in Qandil village at 36° 37' 39.55" north latitude and 44° 10' 51.80" east longitude, and it is  322 meters above sea level. In January 2022, rivers and aquariums water were tested for temperature,  pH, EC, TDS, DO, total alkalinity, total hardness, and calcium and magnesium ions. Studied organisms were exposed to variable concentrations of lead nitrate ranging from 0 to 900 ppm. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was measured and a comparison was made between the behavioural responses of the control and treatment groups.

The present paper deals with estimation of compaction parameters from the empirical relationships relating time and velocity of the propagated sonic waves with depth. For this aim two geologic intervals were chosen at Jambur area, the first one is limited between the top of Fatha formation (M. Miocene) and base of Jeribe formation (L. Miocene) while the second one is limited between the base of Jeribe formation and the top of Qamchuqa formation (Albian – M. Cretaceous). Sonic logs data revealed the existence of two Low Velocity Layers (LVL) in these intervals. They correspond to porous saliferous and seepage beds in the first interval. and to the highly fractured and oil bearing carbonate bed in the second interval.
Sonic logs dat

A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface
topography or terrain. It can be represented as a raster (a grid of squares) and it is
commonly estimated by utilizing remote sensing techniques, or from land surveying.
In this research a 3D building of Baghdad university campus have been performed
using DEM, where the easting, northing, and elevation of 400 locations have been
obtained by field survey using global positioning system (GPS). The image of the
investigated area has been extracted from QuickBird satellite sensor (with spatial
resolution of 0.6 m). This image has been geo-referenced by selecting ground
control points of the GPS. The rectification is running, using 1st order

درست قابلية استهلاك عزلتين من بكتريا
تستهلك انواع Acinetobacter RB العطرية (الاروماتية) كمصدر وحيد للكاربون والطاقة وتبين ان العزلة 8
مختلفة من المركبات الاروماتية الاحادية الحلقة مثل البنزويت ، حامض السالسليك والثنائية الحلقة كالنفثالين.
كما تميزت بعدم قابليتها على استهلاك الفينول والانث ا رسين (مركب اروماتي ثلاثي الحلقة).
حاوية على بلازميد واحد ذو وزن Acinetobacter RB درس النمط البلازمي للعزلتين وتبين ان الع

Extracting moving object from video sequence is one of the most important steps
in the video-based analysis. Background subtraction is the most commonly used
moving object detection methods in video, in which the extracted object will be
feed to a higher-level process ( i.e. object localization, object tracking ).
The main requirement of background subtraction method is to construct a
stationary background model and then to compare every new coming frame with it
in order to detect the moving object.
Relied on the supposition that the background occurs with the higher appearance
frequency, a proposed background reconstruction algorithm has been presented
based on pixel intensity classification ( PIC ) approach.

     Nickel nanoparticles (Ni-nanoparticles) were incorporated as an antecedent utilizing nickel acetate and as a reducing agent, extraction plantApiumgraveolens.  The reason  fo choosing  this plant over many other is because it is easily accessible, carries many antioxidants,  non-toxic, and there are no dangerous residues and stabilizing agent at 60℃ under stirrer. The progress of the reaction was monitored  by observing a change in color of the obtained solution. The UV–Vis utilized to screen the development of Ni-nanoparticles inside a surface  plasmon band (SPB) at 275 nm gives a phantom mark appropriate to the arrangement of nanoparticles. Examining th

يقع حوض كه ب ا رن الثانوي في الجزء الشمالي الشرقي من الع ا رق والذي يمثل الجزء الشمالي من حوض
أربيل حيث تبلغ مساحته 802 كم 2 . المناخ السائد في المنطقة قاري جاف الى شبه جاف، حيث تم حساب
حيث Thornthwaite, Blany Cridle, and Kharufa التبخر – نتح الكامن نظريا وبثلاث طرق وهي
كان التبخر-النتح ( 1242.8 ) ملم و ( 1629.271 ) ملم و ( 1799.059 ) ملم سنويا على التوالي. الزيادة
المائية المحسوبة بالطرق الثلاث كانت نسبها % 30.35 و % 27.49 و % 27.48 على التوالي. بل

Karbala province was one of the most important areas in Iraq and considered an
economic resource of vegetation such as trees of fruits, sieve and other vegetation.
This research aimed to utilize change detection for investigating the current
vegetation cover at last three decay. The main objectives of this research are collect
a group of studied area (Karbala province) satellite images in sequence time for
the same area, these image captured by Landsat (TM 1995, ETM+ 2005 and
Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) 2015. Preprocessing such as atmosphere
correction and rectification has been done. Mosaic model between the parts of
studied area was performing. Gap filling consider being very important step has
be