During 2011, 1900 clinical specimens (urine, wounds, burns, blood and sputum) and
240 hospital environment specimens were collected from four hospitals in
Baghdad/Medical city including: Baghdad Teaching Hospital, The Martyr Gazi Al-
Hariry Hospital, Welfare Teaching Hospital and The Burn Specialist Hospital. All
specimens were cultured and 128 Acinetobacter baumannii were obtained from
clinical and environmental specimens in a ratio of 6.05% (n=115) and 5.42%
(n=13), respectively. These isolates were identified using microscopic examination,
biochemical tests and Api 20 E system.The slide agglutination technique for rabbit
immune sera and A. baumannii bacteria was used and our data analysis revealed a
serologi

The use of microarray data for the analysis of gene expression has been seen to
be an important tool in biological research over the last decade. The important role
of this tool is indicated by providing patients a great benefit of predicted treatment.
There is an important question about a classification problem. The question is which
genes play an important role in the prediction of class membership? There are many
classification methods applied to microarray data to solve the classification problem.
In bioinformatics, Statistical method is addressed by using microarray data. For
example breast tissue samples could be classified as either cancerous or normal.
Microarray expression profiling has p

The appearance of wireless communication is dramatically changing our life. Mobile telecommunications emerged as a technological marvel allowing for access to personal and other services, devices, computation and communication, in any place and at any time through effortless plug and play. Setting up wireless mobile networks often requires: Frequency Assignment, Communication Protocol selection, Routing schemes selection, and cells towers distributions. This research aims to optimize the cells towers distribution using spatial mining with Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool. The proposed optimized towers distribution done by applying the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) on the image of the targeted area should be covered. DEM appl

To perform a good interpretation and spatial analysis for remote sensing data like
satellites images, it is better to enhanced these images by using Image Processing
techniques. In the same time to make good interpretation for any study area it is
better to collect more than one data about this study area. In this research the study
area located in Qaraqosh District in Southern East of Mosul city north Iraq. Two
remote sensing data are collected about this area; spectral bands of Enhanced
Thematic Mapper Plus sensor (ETM+) Landsat 7 satellite, and panchromatic band of
SPOT satellite. The spectral bands of Landsat 7 satellite with high spectral
resolution (8 bands) with spatial resolution 28.5 meter

Stars whose initial masses are between (0.89 - 8.0) M☉ go through an
Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase at the end of their life. Which have been
evolved from the main sequence phase through Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB).
The calculations were done by adopted Synthetic Model showed the following
results: 1- Mass loss on the AGB phase consists of two phases for period (P <500)
days and for (P>500) days; 2- the mass loss rate exponentially increases with the
pulsation periods; 3- The expansion velocity VAGB for our stars are calculated
according to the three assumptions; 4- the terminal velocity depends on several
factors likes metallicity and luminosity. The calculations indicated that a su

Kinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between 1,4-Diaminobutaneand
dimeric fatty acids in melt phase . The reaction was performed at 123, 138, 146,
160, and 170 ºC and followed by determining the acid value of the product .The
polyamidation reaction was found to be of overall second order with an activation
energy of 28.18kJ mol-1up to 85% conversion and overall third order above 85%
conversion .The Degree of Polymerization ,Number Average Molecular Weight,
Weight Average Molecular Weight has been calculated during different times , The
relationships between Degree of Polymerization ,Number Average Molecular
Weight, Weight Average Molecular Weight with the times is linear until85%

This research involves the study of permeability declination as a result of kaolinite due to the changing in pH in the Zubair reservoir (Lower Cretaceous) during the secondary production by water injection method. Four wells and six core samples within the North Rumaila field are studied, Minerals have been diagnosed by XRD and this specific site of clay minerals was diagnosed within the core samples by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The core samples are also studied petrogrphically using the polarizing microscope and found that they mainly consist of quartz, while the predominant clay is kaolinite. The effect of pH on the values of permeability was examined through a series of laboratory experiments, as it has been tested in the ca

Low mass brown dwarf stars in the northern hemisphere were investigated; their population and metallicity have been determined using the spectroscopic technique. The classification of these stars was pointed out as belongs to population I, varies in metallicity range between -0.417 ≤ z ≤ 0.143.

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity element .For two fixed positive integers m and n , a right R-module M is called strongly fully (m,n)- stable relative to an ideal A of R n x m if θ (N)⊆ N ∩ Mn A for each n- generated submodule of Mm and R- homomorphism θ :N→ Mm. In this paper I give some characterizations theorems and properties of strongly fully (m,n) –stable modules relative to an ideal A of R n x m.

Field trial was conducted during the growing season of 2011-2012 at the Research
Field, Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University to test the
performance of wheat cv Rabyaa, Latifiya, Al-Iraq, Tummose 2, Abu-Graib 3, IPA
99 and Sham 6 grown under different soil water deficit stresses. Several agronomic
and physiological traits and yield and yield components of the test cultivars were
determined. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with five replications
for each treatment. The cultivars were kept in the sub plot while water stress
treatment was assigned as main plot. Water stress was applied by irrigated the plots
to the soil field capacity (FC) then withheld next irrigation until

Palynological characters of eleven cultivated species of the family Fabaceae
grown in Baghdad University campus has been presented in this work. The study
included two kind of single pollen grain. Tri.colporate in Bauhinia variegata L.,
Cassia fistula L., Lablab purpureus(L.)sweet, Vigna mungo(L.)Hepper , and Tri-
Colpate in Cassia acutifolia L., Mimosa pudica L., Vigna sinensis/L. Vicia faba L.
,and polyad in Acasia cyanophylla Lindl, Acasia famesiana(L.)wild, Albizia lebbeck
(L.)Benth.,A study focused on the shape of colpi and endoaperture are variable,
shape of pollen show variation in polar and equatorial view for single species and
for front and side view for polyad one, The study determind size of pollen gra

In the current research work a useful gap filling method was presented. Images over
Al Mosel city in Iraq were used as tested images. The linear algorithm for high
resolution (H.R.) image interpolation were based. The difference between the
proposed algorithm and conventional nearest neighbor algorithm is that the concept
applied, to estimate the missing pixel value, is guided by the nearest value rather
than the distance. In other words, the proposed concept selects one pixel, among
four directly surrounding the empty location, whose value is almost equal to the
value generated by the conventional bilinear interpolation algorithm. The
experimental results show that the proposed method demonstrated

The research aims to assess the suitability of Wheat cultivation in North Al-
Jezira Irrigation Project Nineveh Governorate at the actual and in the potential after
major improvements possible. By using remote sensing to classify land use and land
cover, also using geographic information systems for input and save the data to
building data bank of land resources and land characteristics relate to the land
evaluation, also the requirements and limitations for the cultivation of Wheat in the
study area, in the processing and building computer model for the evaluated and
classification of land suitability actual and potential for the Wheat cultivation in the
study area, then display the results which

In this articale we depend on Shrinkage function of Bayesian estimator for the
variance of normal distribution when the mean is unknown weighted by Shrinkage
factor like afunction of first sample size to obtain the double stage Shrinkage
Bayesian estimator for the variance when using include double stage Shrinkage
estimator formula.

Noticeable inflammatory reactions in rats lungs were caused by DNA isolated
from Pseudomonas aeruginosa include infiltration of macrophages, neutrophiles and
lymphocytes. Additionally, fibromuscular hypertrophy of smooth muscles in
respiratory bronchiols was seen as well. Since lung homogenate shows no bacterial
growth in all samples. Consequently, these inflammatory signs were attributed to
DNA effect rather than any other cause. In conclusion, apart from live bacteria, P.
aeruginosa DNA has the ability to cause inflammatory response in rat model
airways.

This study includes determining the climatic conditions and the nature of the reservoirs in the region with the determination of the flow direction and the hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer. The meteorological data for the Kirkuk station for the period 1971-2015 showed that the values of the monthly rates of temperature, precipitation, evaporation, relative humidity, wind speed and Sunshine duration are (9.1 to 36.2 C), (0.03 to 65.8 mm), (51.4 to 412.7mm), (21.7 to 71.1%), (1.3 to 2.1 m / s), and (5.4 to 11.2 hour) respectively. And according to the annual rainfall rate is (348.13mm), found 18 years of the climatic period  are wet years and 27 years are dry years.  Thornthwait method was used to calculate the values of

This study was conducted to investigate the adverse effect of whey protein supplement taken by athletes in some physiological parameters. (75) blood sample were collected from athletes whose take supplements of whey protein (experimental group), (25) blood sample of athletes who don’t take supplement (control group). Results showed a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the mean of hemoglobin level (Hb) and percentage of Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in the athletes group who take food supplement compared to control. The results also showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the mean of White Blood Cells count (WBCs) in experimental group, Also the results show significant changes in differential white blood cells in the experimental gr

In this note we consider a generalization of the notion of a purely extending
modules, defined using y– closed submodules.
We show that a ring R is purely y – extending if and only if every cyclic nonsingular
R – module is flat. In particular every nonsingular purely y extending ring is
principal flat.

Field trial was conducted in Research Field equipped with rainfall transparent
shade, Biology Department, College of Science, Baghdad University during the
growing season of 2012 to test the potential of sorghum water extract in improving
yield and yield components of local cultivar of mung bean crop grown under
different moisture deficit stresses. The water stresses were applied by irrigated the
plots to field capacity and withheld the next irrigation until the soil water deficit
reaches 80, 50 and 30% of field capacity for control, mild water stress and higher
water stress, respectively. Foliar application of sorghum water extract at 0 ( control),
2.5 and 5% (W/V) was made at preflowering, flowering and fruiting

In this Study, isolate and identification two types of algae Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lag.) Chodat belonging to Division of green –algae and Nostoc sp. Of the belong to Division of cyanobacteria from fountain pool at the University of Al- Mustansiriya. Use culture medium Chu- 10 for growth of algae on batch culture in the laboratory conditions (25 ˚ c ±2 and light intensity 200 μE/m²/sec the light:dark regime was used 16:8 hrs). Harvested culture after fourteen days of age farm. Use methanol 95% to extract active compound from raw dry biomass, Tested the effectiveness of the efficiency of the cell extract toward the cell line (human larynx cancer) Hep-2 from biotechnology center at the University of Alnahrain university and differen

Thirty pregnant albino mice with average body weight of 25-30gm and 8-14 weeks old were used to investigate the toxicity of the oral administration of anticancer methotrexate on kidneys after birth. Pregnant were received (single dose) of drug at different days of gestation and were divided into three groups (10mice / group), control groups were administered distilled water, the two remaining groups were administered by 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight of methotrexate. The changes in kidneys of newborns revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in kidneys weights, kidneys lengths, pelvises lengths, and glomeruli diameters. The increase in concentration of methotrexate has increasing significant effect on kidneys of embryo and newborns.
<

A new route of knoevenagel condensation for trans-3-(2-furyl)acroline with Rhodanine, Barbituric acid ,Thiazolidine-2,4-dione and 2-Thiohydantoin,in the presence of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide(CTMAB) at room temperature in water .

In this paper, a mathematical model consisting of the two harmful
phytoplankton interacting with a herbivorous zooplankton is proposed and studied.
The existence of all possible equilibrium points is carried out. The dynamical
behaviors of the model system around biologically feasible equilibrium points are
studied. Suitable Lyapunov functions are used to construct the basins of attractions
of those points. Conditions for which the proposed model persists are established.
The occurrence of local bifurcation and a Hopf bifurcation are investigated. Finally,
to confirm our obtained analytical results and specify the vital parameters, numerical
simulations are used for a hypothetical set of parameter values.

The cyanobacteria strains were used in bioreactors to produce biomass. The total biomass after one month in suitable conditions such as efficient gas exchange, powerful light source and suitable medium composition was 7.99 mg/ml for N. commune and 5.83mg/ml for A. circinalis. These algae were applied alone or mixed in two rates (5 or 10 ml/ 100 g compost); Azotobacter chroococcum was used before 7 days of harvesting or with other cyanobacteria species. The total Nitrogen showed 1.84% with Azotobacter, however the nitrogen in mix culture was 1.80% mean while, the control treatment was 1.49%.. These results indicate that we can reduce chemical fertilizers by 1/4 or may 1/2 dose of normal requirement on growth and yield of chickpea plant.

     The great progress in information and communication technology has led to a huge increase in data available. Traditional systems can't keep up with this growth and can't handle this huge amount of data. Recommendation systems are one of the most important areas of research right now because they help people make decisions and find what they want among all this data. This study looked at the research trends published in Google Scholar within the period 2018-2022 related to recommending, reviewing, analysing, and comparing ebooks research papers. At first, the research papers were collected and classified based on the recommendation model used, the year of publication, and then they were compared in terms of techniques, datasets u

The object of this research is to reveal the neotectonics of Al-Thirthar, Al-Habbaniya, and Al-Razzazah depressions by using remote sensing data. The age of the exposed rocks ranges from Early Miocene to Holocene. The depressions represent the west margin of the Mesopotamia Zone along its boundary with Al-Salman Zone. The lineament map contains three major groups of lineaments. Two of them are trending east-west and northeast-southwest parallel to the transversal fault systems of Iraq territory. The third group is trending northwest-southeast. The lineament groups reveal the tectonic and structural effects to the extension and the shape of the depressions. The intersection of the lineaments divided the area into small fragments which con

The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Hg and Cu were determined in twenty sample of canned fish, samples were collected with different origin with two meals from local markets at Baghdad city for the period (October 2012-February 2013),results of study were appeared variation in mercury concentration of canned fish between November and February .The highest concentration of mercury (0.1 mg/kg) was observed in “Hawesta” brand and “Ocean wave” ” brand , the lowest average concentration for mercury 0.01ppm in “Habar”,”Durra” and ”Sayad” brand during( Nov.2012-Feb.2013 ) and have not recorded any concentration for mercury in “Yasmine” brand during (Nov. 2012-Feb. 2013).The maximum level of zinc reached in November. rather t

The proposed sensor is designed to measure the concentration of liquids using the photonic crystal fibre (PCF) principles. The sensor has been implemented by splicing the two ends of the PCF piece to a single mode fibre (SMF). The air holes found in the splicing points are fully collapsed by the arc discharge. The wavelength shift occurs at the collapsed regions due to the excitation of combined core besides the cladding modes. The PCF was infiltrated by diluted olive oil to be tested in terms of the variation of sensing response with the wavelength shift in the transmission spectra. The sensitivity is 875 nanometre per refractive index unit (nm/RIU) that estimated in refractive index range between 1.43 and 1.47. Result also sho

This study was aimed to detect the presence of aflatoxin B1 in thirty nine samples of some canned foods (6 samples of beef meat, 4 samples of chicken meat, 6 samples of fish meat, 5 samples of mushroom and 18 samples of different types of legumes) which collected randomly from some Iraqi local markets using ELISA technique. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in thirty four samples and the concentration of toxin ranged from 2.5 ppb to 975 ppb.

UV radiation (365nm wave length) was used for detoxification of aflatoxin B1 from each type of tested samples with highest concentration (beef meat 975ppb, chicken meat 217 ppb, fish meat 75 ppb, mushroom 237.5 and legumes 207) at distance of 60 cm between UV source and tested sample for 30 minute ex

The present study demonstrate the infection (injury and damage) of wireworm on potato crop in spring and autumn season. This study  was conducted in Abu- Greeb fields in Baghdad– Iraq during 2009 – 2010 In order to assessment the damage caused by wireworm Agriotes spp. on four type of  growing Solanum tuberosum crop (Rodeo, Lotona, Bleni, Deseri) in spring and autumn season.  The results of this study showed that Agriotes spp. was more damage in spring season more than autumn season. Percentage of the numbers of damage potato tuber to the four types was 1.81, 4.87, 6.66, 8.33 % respectively. While it was 6.55, 3.63, 10.52, 9.09 % total weight of Rodeo, Lotona, Bleni, Deseri , respect