Automated software defect prediction (ASDP) is a fundamental and vital action in the software progress domain. Nevertheless, software as a contemporary system is integrally huge and complex, with several associated metrics that capture diverse aspects of software components. Such a huge associated metrics number renders building a Software Defect (SD) prediction (SDP) model so complex. Therefore, selecting and identifying a metrics subset that enhances the SDP performance of the method is imperative. The chief goal of the current work is to build an ASDP (SDP) tool and assess its performance. The SDP tool calculates significant software (CK) metrics that measure code characteristics, for evaluating software quality and anticipating issue

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an innovative trend that promotes technological and industrial advancements. As IoT networks expand, RPL (Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks) becomes crucial for efficient routing but is susceptible to a number of security threats and attacks. The DIS (DODAG Information Solicitation) flooding attack is one such attack that compromises network performance. This paper introduces DISTec, a novel technique designed to detect and mitigate DIS flooding attacks in RPL-based IoT networks. DISTec employs an n x m matrix to track DIS message frequencies from nodes, analyzing deviations during the DIS_INTERVAL to identify potential attackers. The Contiki OS Cooja Simulator implemented DISTec on a netwo

Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been found to exhibit high catalytic activity in a wide range of organic reactions, and their stability in the presence of moisture and high temperatures makes them particularly useful as catalysts in reactions that require elevated temperatures. In this study, new Schiff base (L) 2-((3-nitrophenylimino) methyl) phenol and new copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes were synthesized from 3-nitrophenylamine with salicylaldehyde. The complexes were prepared by weighing the metal chloride and dissolved in methanol. The synthesised samples were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, SEM, and EDX and tested for catalytic activity as homogenous catalysts for esterification reactions. The free ligand's υ(C=N)

The ligand 4-formyl-2-methoxyphenyl dihydrogen borate (L) was synthesized through a 1:1 molar reaction between vanillin and boric acid. Additionally, the synthesis of metal complexes of L with Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) was also described. All the synthesized compounds were described using spectroscopic methods like that FT-IR, ¹H NMR, UV-VIS. Also thermal analysis (TG),atomic absorption (AAS), elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), melting point (m.p.), magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity and chloride measurements. The experiments determined that all the complexes were non-ionic compounds that did not dissociate into ions in solution. Additionally, the proposed molecular structures of these complexes were found to be octahe

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a notorious pathogenic bacterium, armed with multiple virulence factors, and is commonly associated with pneumonia infections. One of the virulence factors helps K. pneumonia to cause many diseases and escape immune system and antimicrobial effect is biofilm construction. Therefore, the overall aim was to investigate the genic profile for K. pneumonia that formed and non-formed biofilm. The result revealed that around half of the isolates did not form biofilm and this may because luxS gene was present in only two isolates forming biofilm and absent in others while fimH genes were absent in all other isolates. K. pneumonia isolates were sensitive to green tea,

In recent years, the graph-based approach has become increasingly popular for modeling real-world data because graphs represent a wide variety of data, such as social networks and trajectory mining. In this paper, we propose a Weighted Adjacency Matrix (WAM) for constructing a graph based on edges from the features of each trajectory and a vertex from the frame number. In trajectory mining, finding objects that have similar patterns of motion is a common data analysis; thus, selecting effective algorithms is necessary for grouping information and showing trajectories as graphs. A new algorithm is proposed to calculate Graph Trajectory Similarity (GTS) between two trajectories of graphs, the Nodes Similarity Function (NSF). The NSF is int

In this work, metal oxides [Y₂O₃\La₂O₃] nanoparticles were synthesized using a green method with ashwagandha extract, which served as a reducing agent. This extract also catalyzed the polymerization of poly methylmetha acrylate, resulting in the formation of nanocomposites [PMMA\Y₂O₃\La₂O₃]. The morphology, size, and structures of the synthesized nanocomposites were determined and characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), tested by antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity. To confirm the design of nanoc

In this study, compound [A], an oxime derivative, was synthesized through the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, using sodium acetate as a catalyst. Subsequently, Schiff bases [A1-A3] were prepared by reacting compound [A] with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid. Acid derivatives containing oxazolidinone ring [A4- A6] were synthesized from the reaction of Schiff bases [A1- A3] with chloroacetic acid. The resulting compounds [A4-A6] reacted with thionyl chloride to produce the corresponding acid chloride [A7-A9]. Polyesters [A10-A12] were produced by reacting polyvinyl alcohol with compounds [A7-A9]. All prepared compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy FTIR and

In the present work, by employing the differential subordination notion and Darweesh-Atshan-Battor operator, we investigate third-order of sandwich-type theorems for the p-valent of analytic functions.

Soliton generation in microresonator is studied numerically using the Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE). Optically induced effects, duration, and shape are studied via the adaptive split-step Fourier method (SSFM). It investigates how the microresonator affects the evolution of the optical field in cases of nonlinearity, dispersion, slow time, and fast time. A study is done on the optical frequency comb produced and the frequency domain dynamics of the microresonator. The generated soliton wave was a dispersive soliton. The study shows that the soliton generation and its properties depend strongly on the parameters included in this study.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the administration of levothyroxine (T4), insulin-like growth factor-1, zinc, selenium, and vitamin B12 for 2 months to methimazole-induced hypothyroid adult male Wistar albino eight-week-old rats weighing 180–250 gm were bought from the Ilam Lab of Animals and n=8 was for each group. The thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, and ultrastructure of follicular cells by transmission electron microscope were compared between the control group and 7 groups of hypothyroid rats treated with T4, insulin-like growth factor-1, T4 + insulin-like growth factor-1, T4+zinc, T4+selenium, T4+ selenium, and T4+zinc +selenium + vitamin B12, respectively. The hypothyroid rats displayed a si

This research explores advanced methodologies in restaurant sales forecasting, focusing on a dataset from a Middle Eastern-based chain. It integrates machine learning algorithms and recurrent neural networks (RNN), including ARIMA, SARIMA, and LSTM models, to predict future sales trends accurately. Initial analysis includes various regression models to identify optimal sales prediction models, with Random Forest emerging as the top performer with an r2_score of 0.999895. The study emphasizes the importance of accurate sales forecasting in optimizing resource allocation, inventory management, and strategic decision-making for restaurant operations. Data preprocessing techniques such as missing value handling and feature selection ensure r

Increasing the exposure time of radio wave radiation to human tissues is an important factor affecting the SAR (the specific absorption rate) values. This leads to the question of whether overlapping or interfering with electromagnetic waves has a negative impact on our health. Specific absorption rates (SAR) were calculated for the multilayered model of a human head model through different exposure times (30 min, 45 min, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, and 2 hours) at radio wave frequencies of 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz emitted from the mobile phones with planer inverted-F antenna (PIFA) and planar monopole antenna. The electromagnetic wave equation was solved using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD). Different physical phenomena (penetration

Two varieties of halal soaps—body and laundry—were developed by incorporating various types of clays to effectively cleanse severe najis (impurities) in adherence to Islamic principles. Four clays-kaolin, white clay, bentonite, and clay loam, were tested individually at concentrations ranging from 5% to 20% w/w. Selection of the optimal formulation was based on physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that a 20% w/w concentration of kaolin clay was the most suitable for both soap types. At this composition, the soap provided an appropriate pH, strong foam production, and foam stability, meeting most requirements for industrial soap standards. Both body and laundry soaps enriched with kaolin received high

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disorder that is shaped by the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, which collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disease. This study pursued three key goals: first, to estimate the expression levels of the Human Leukocyte Antigen – DR4 )HLA DR4 (gene; second, to identify the predominant enteric bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and healthy controls; and third, to examine the association between HLA-DR4 gene expression and the identified bacterial profiles. The case-control study involved 100 blood specimens and 100 stool specimens were collected from 50 RA patients and 50 healthy indi

The objective of this study is to investigate and determine the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in wastewater, before and after treatment, and the prevalence of E. coli strains capable of producing biofilms. Nineteen E. coli isolates were isolated from the inputs and outputs samples of AL-Rustamiya Sewage Treatment Plant on AL-Rusafa side (STP1) and the old AL-Karkh STP on AL-Karkh side (STP2). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using VITEK-2, and isolates' ability to form biofilm was evaluated. According to the resistance level of STP1 and STP2, multiple drug resistance (MDR) was found 100% and 75% ,respectively,  of output isolates. Extensive Drug Resistance (XDR) was found in STP1 (poss

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of microRNA-223 (miRNA-223) and the prevalence of chronic renal disease, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers in Iraqi patients. The study found a correlation between blood lipid profiles and the risk of developing CKD. A total of 250 blood samples were collected, 150 samples from CKD patients and 100 samples control group were collected from healthy individuals. Clinical biomarkers showed that there was a significant increase (p-value ≤ 0.05) in white blood count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, blood urea and creatinine, while the increase in platele

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential association between age, gender, and the incidence of glioma. Thirty-four paraffin embedded tissue samples from patients with high grade glioma, (13female and 21 male), and thirty as control (20 female and 10 male) were randomly selected. All samples with age range (13-70 years) with mean age of 44.94 ± 2.99. Patient samples were collected from the archives of the Neurological Hospital in Baghdad. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examinations conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. The results indicated a significant difference P≤0.05 between Glioma and gender p-value 0.0437) in both sexes, with male patients have a higher inci

Arabic text and characters recognition are among the most challenging problems in the field of optical character recognition (OCR) due to the complex nature of the letters and their variance in forms. This paper presents a new ADL dataset of the Arabic derived letters: Che (چ), Ngain (ڠ), Pe (پ), Ve (ڤ), Zhe (ژ), and the three versions of Gaf (گ, ڭ, and ݣ). This dataset consists of 55,440 images from scanned handwritten papers made by 30 participants of different ages, thus ensuring demographic and stylistic diversity. The dataset has been evaluated on three different models: a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and a Vision Transformer (ViT) to demonstrate its practical usability. Several forms f

Recent advancements in deep learning models-based Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) object detection technologies have garnered significant interest in smart cities. The tiny object detection task is still a crucial challenge in research due to variant image resolution and training sample size. The primary aim of this paper is to realize precision and model generalization in multi-scale object detection tasks. An optimization of the YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once version 8) deep learning model was carried out to detect 16 classes of tiny objects in UAV imagery data with the assistance of the transfer learning technique. The optimization method's workflow consists of two main procedures; the first procedure aimed to fine-tune the YOLOv8 model's hy

Serratia marcescens is gram negative bacteria, an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. Some strains possess the ability to produce a pigment called prodigiosin. While numerous studies have explored the antimicrobial properties of prodigiosin produced by S. marcescens against other microorganisms, the effect of prodigiosin on the producing S. marcescens isolates themselves remains unclear and warrants further investigation.  Ten isolates of S. marcescens were isolated from 135 wound samples collected from some hospitals in Baghdad city. The isolates were cultured on selective media, identified by further biochemical tests and confirmed by VITEK2 compact system in (7.4%) isolation percentage. Four fro

Celiac disease is a condition in which the small intestine's lining is damaged and the body has trouble absorbing nutrients, typically occurring in individuals who are genetically susceptible and triggered by the consumption of gluten. The pathogenesis of this disease involves the interactions between environmental, genetics, and immunological factors. This research designed to inspect the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of IL-9 rs17317275 in an Iraqi celiac disease population via allele specific primers-polymerase chain reaction technology. The study included fifty patients with celiac disease, with a mean age of 23.5±11.88 years, preforming between November 2021 to February 2022. The results indicated that the AA genotype and

Accurate determination of Mebendazole in pharmaceutical formulations is essential for ensuring drug quality and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in humans. Therefore, a new technique for detecting the antifungal medication mebendazole was developed. This method utilizes flow injection analysis with merging zones, offering a quick, straightforward, and highly sensitive approach to quantifying the drug. The method relies on mebendazole to reduce iron III to iron II under acidic conditions. The reduced iron then reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline to form an orange-red colored complex measured spectroscopically at 510 nm. The method showed a linear correlation between response and concentration over 25-250 µg/mL, with 22 and 25.5 µg/mL LOD and

Ensuring robust authentication is essential in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to protect sensitive data transfer between nodes. This paper proposes the use of mathematical implementations to enhance the security and complexity of secret data transmission between nodes, thereby providing a robust communication system. Additionally, it proposes a new mathematical implementation as an authentication model based on the Taylor expansion sequence. This strategy allows secure communication between any two nodes to prevent the malicious node from stealing the data or hacking the secret information from any node on the network. The proposed solution is based on unique parameters carried by any two communicating nodes in the network. These nodes

In a cloud computing environment, virtual machines must be allocated wisely among queued resources waiting for a specific service. In this case, the optimal load balancing on those virtual machines must be done using optimization methods. Because the distribution of processes on the VMs is considered one of the NP-Hard optimization problems, it is necessary to use optimization methods. This paper proposes a hybridized Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Levy Flight (LF) search approach. The proposed method is called Levy Flight-GWO-Virtual Machine Load Balancing (LF-GWO-VM-LB). Despite the success of the standard GWO alone as a load-balancing method, it needs to improve its explorative capability and premature convergence. Levy flight is an id

In this paper, the point estimation method for parameters  and  of the parameters of the Exponential-Rayleigh distribution have been estimated by using the simulation technique by using two Bayesian estimation methods; The first Bayesian method of estimation  consists of  standard Bayesian estimation  methods and the second Bayesian estimation method consists lindley approximation Bayes estimation method to estimate all the unknown parameters  of Exponential-Rayleigh distribution. Comparisons between these two methods were made by employing the Mean squares error criterion. Applying a simulation technique with different sample sizes, these methods are being compared. The simulation procedure is used to generate some sample s

Human identification is crucial in forensics for the investigation of large-scale disasters such as fires, epidemics, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Even though biometric identification using panoramic dental radiography (PDR) has been the subject of several studies in the literature, further study remains a necessary and challenging issue. In this research, a human identification system was developed based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and contour transform (CT). The proposed system was implemented on a total of 1540 PDR from 302 individuals. The preprocessing applied to PDRs for enhancing and taking the Region of Interest (ROI). The features were extracted using CT transform. These features were fused with features extracted from

The ongoing issue of unauthorized image distribution poses a serious modern challenge. This research introduces an innovative dual image watermarking technique that determines a potential embedding area in a small 4×4 DCT block and employs a hybrid approach of NSST-LWT-DCT-SVD to ensure efficient copyright protection. The watermark images are integrated using the red and green channels. These channels are then transformed using NSST-LWT to extract the low-frequency sub-band. Following this, the low-frequency section is divided into 4×4 blocks. The Human Visual System (HVS) is then used to select the appropriate blocks, which are transformed using DCT. Certain coefficients from the middle frequency of the DCT are chosen for decompositio

This study included the synthsised of new nanocomposites using hydrothermal and sol-gel methods by preparing a mixture of metal oxides from their salts using the hydrothermal method, and then using the sol-gel method, the mixture of prepared metal oxides was reacted with polyaniline (as a substrate) prepared immediately through the polymerization of aniline (monomer). Nanocomposites consisting of polyaniline and various metal oxides (PANI-MO) were synthesized using a combination of hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques. This study employed metal oxides (MO) including zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and cobalt oxide (CoO). Metal oxides were added to the PANI to create nanocomposites nickelcobalt oxides (NiO: CoO) and nickel-copper oxi

     Land use and land cover (LULC) are fundamental components of the Earth's surface, representing the environment and influencing the lives of both human and natural communities, as well as their mutual interactions. Following the announcement of Amaravati as the capital city of the newly formed state of Andhra Pradesh, Land use and land cover (LULC) in the Amaravati region have undergone profound changes over the past decade, primarily due to anthropogenic activities resulting from urbanization. This study aims to identify and analyze general trends in Land Use/Land Cover Change (LULCC) that have occurred in the study area over a 12-year period, specifically from 2009 to 2021, using geospatial tools such as Remote Sensing and GIS