In this paper, the rotation curve of the Milky Way galaxy has been determined using the observed HI emission line at a wavelength of 21 cm. Particularly, the Tangent Point Method was used in order to measure the rotational velocity and the distance to the center of the Milky Way. The measured rotation curve showed that the rotational velocity remains approximately constant at large distances from the center of the Galaxy. This is actually an evidence for the existence of dark matter in the halo of the Milky Way. If all the matter in the Milky Way is visible, then the behavior of the rotation curve of the galaxy should experience a Keplerian decline. The mass of the Milky Way within a radius of 15 kpc was also estimated to be ~ 1.65 × 10

Ten species of edible mushrooms (higher fungi) were tested for their ability to reduce cholesterol and glucose in mice blood. The powders of dried fruit bodies of these mushrooms were mixed with standard mice diet at 5 and 10% (on dry wt.). This diet was also supplemented with 2% of pure cholesterol and glucose. Though the significant reduction of blood cholesterol and glucose in mice fed on all tested mushrooms (at both concentrations) was recorded, maximum reduction of blood cholesterol in mice fed on 10% of Pleurotas ostreanus (Gray types, Lentous edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus (White type), Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus sajor caju was 52.55, 50, 485, 46.6 and 18.1% in males, and 50,42, 48.72, 46.4, 41.4 and 38.1% in females, respectiv

A non-destructive assay (NDA) for radioactive waste drum has been studied
using a local manufacturing gamma scanning system. The gamma system has been
designed and implemented using scanning system contains a high efficiency
portable HPGe detector for characterization and surveying the radioactive waste
drums at Al-Tuwaitha site- Baghdad. To achieve identification with nonhomogenous
radioactive waste drum, six parallel plastic pipes (2cm in diameter)
were inserted inside the cement type Portland contain radioactive sources and
located at different distances from the outer diameter of the drum. The efficiency
calibration is measured by conventional technique, using five miscellaneous radio
nuclides with drum. Th

The development in the field of medical physics has led to the use of devices that
are manufactured under normal conditions to make tremendous progress in the
world of development in medical treatment by using these devices with modern
techniques by reducing the use of antibiotics and relying on these tools and devices
that link between physics and modern therapeutic medicine. In this research, a nonthermal
plasma system for argon gas operated at normal atmospheric pressure was
designed, this system was applied on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacteria isolated
from burn patients from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital. These bacteria were exposed
to this system, the results showed that these bacteria were killed at time (5 min)

Upper Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds (CORBs) are pelagic sediment
deposits that deposited in the Upper Cretaceous basin, with widespread in
part of the world as well as in Iraq. This research investigates the deposition
of cyclic marl and marly limestone CORBs of six selected sections at the
active southern margin of the Tethys during the Late Campanian -
Maastrichtian with petrography, microfacies, and depositional environment.
As this study was not a consideration in the past, so decided to visit and
identify all exposure areas of the Upper Cretaceous period rocks are visited.
This study involved two fields touring reconnaissance extended from
Darbandikhan city in the east south to Shiranish Village in the west

Twilight is a light which appears in the horizon before the sunrise and after the
sunset .This research is about the count of long period of twilight after the sunset for
a day born of crescent in Iraq for the city of Baghdad , Mousl , Basrah for many
years and for months of blessed Ramadan and Shawal . Studying the changes period
of astronomic twilight on the long of months of year for three cities . It is found that
the different between the bigger and smaller period for twilight on the long of
months of year arrives to (22 ) minute in Baghdad and in Mousl (25 ) minute , in
Basrah (19 ) minute . As well studying elements seeing crescent for this month .It is
found that there is a reflected relati

Space velocities (U,V,and W)for many stars in the halo of our galaxy were
calculated by choosing A,G and K spectral type stars at a distance nearly 10 pc. It
was found that some of these stars represent a Local Association group (kinematic
stream), the stars of this group are sharing in similar 3-D kinematic motion in the
galaxy, in the solar neighborhood. The results displayed that these velocities are in a
good correlation with each other .

In this paper, an accurate optical system for human eye is designed using new approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA). The eye is assumed consists of two optical elements: cornea and eyelens, the remaining contents are just a supplements for these optical elements. The optimal eye design is obtained by GA with some restrictions related to the determination of the generic structure of the eye. The resulted eye is then tested by comparing its optical functions; once with that of the perfect eye, and another with that in literatures. As a results, the genetic eye was identified the characteristics of the real-life eye, which ensure the efficiency of the evolutionary methods to achieve an intended optical design.

Full diallel crosses conducted to develop tobacco hybrids using three cultivars;
Corjo (A), Sumer48 (B) and Croillo (C), during 2004, Hybrid trail carried out in the
green house using Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 parents, 6 hybrids
and 2 control, Habana and CV. 48.Significant differences were found among parents
and hybrids in studied characters except necotin and ash percentages. The crosses
(AxB) and (BxC) superior in pH (6.71 & 6.37), while the crosses (AxB) superior in
sugar percentage, the reciprocal hybrid (BXA) had highest burne speed (0.101
mm/sec.). Genetic parameters analysis revealed, that average degree of dominance
were higher than one, broad sence heratibiliy, also high

This study has been carried to evaluate the effect of the entomopathogenic fungi
Beauveria bassiana on the various developmental stages of Phthorimaea
operculella. Both first and second instars larvae were more susceptible than the third
and fourth instars. The infected prepupae and pupae resulted in marked decreases in
the emergence and longevity of moths, deposited eggs and egg hatchability. An
obvious increase in the pupal duration was observed and malformed adults were also
recorded. The latent was markedly obvious, especially in high doses of B. bassiana.

Let R be a non zero ring with identity and let M be a non zero module over R. An
R-module M is called cosingular if Z*(M)=M where Z*(M)={m ∈ M, mR<<E(M)},
in this paper we introduce the concept that an R-module M is weak-cosingular if
Z*(M)≤e M. and we call that an R-module has (weak-S*)property if every submodule
N of M contains a direct summand K of M such that K≤N and N/K is weakcosingular.
And we study the properties of this kind of modules, and the relation
between this modules and other kind of modules.

Computer network technologies have grown rapidly in the last few decades. With the increased use of networked computers for critical applications, computer intrusions have been increased and became a significant threat to these systems and, thus Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have become essential addition to security infrastructure of most organizations. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Network Node Intrusion Detection System (NNIDS) that support IPv4 protocol. It detects a variety of attacks which are directed to the resources of filing system. The implied detection rules are based on matching the predefined normal behavior of the system with the characteristics of the detected user’s events.
Several sim

Although Bacteroides fragilis is a bacterium present within gut microbiota, the toxin producer strain, known as enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF), is associated with diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. This study includes 69 diarrheal and 29 non-diarrheal (control) samples collected from children less than 5 years old. DNA was extracted directly from stool specimens and directed to conventional PCR targeting beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (leuB) gene, used for detection of B. fragilis,  and Bacteroides fragilis toxin (bft) gene, used for the detection of ETBF. The results showed that the prevalence of leuB gene was 78 (79.6%) including 56 (81.2%) in diarr

In the present investigation, new polymers of Poly [ N - acryl - N - sulfonic acid - N\ yL - 2 - substitute - 4 - oxo - thiazolidine ] Maleic and Succinic diimide were synthesized by seven steps; first step includes esterification of different cyclic anhydride, using one mole of absolute methanol in the presence few drops of conc. H2SO4, yielded mono group ester [I] , which was reaction with thionyl chloride to give ester acid chloride [II] .Then reacted with sulfanilic acid to product compound [III] , which was condensation with hydrazine hydrate to give acid hydrazide [IV] . The new different Schiff bases [V-VIII] were synthesized by reaction of acid hydraizide with different (aliphatic and aromatic) aldehyedes and ketones in the prese

In this paper, a mathematical model consisting of the prey- predator model with disease in both the population is proposed and analyzed. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution are discussed. The existences and the stability analysis of all possible equilibrium points are studied. Numerical simulation is carried out to investigate the global dynamical behavior of the system.

This study is concerned with the unsteady flow of non-Newtonian, viscous, incompressible fluid in a curved pipe with rectangular cross-section, under the action of pressure gradient. An orthogonal coordinate system has been used to describe the fluid motion and it is found that the motion equations are controlled by three parameters namely; Dean number, non-Newtonian parameter and frequency parameter. Solution for the secondary flow and the axial velocity are droved as perturbation over straight pipe. Firstly the expansion was in terms of Dean number and secondly in terms of frequency parameter. Perturbation equations are solved by using variation method namely, Galerkin's method, after eliminating the dependency on time. The solutions h

A newly flow injection-turbidimetric method characterized by it is speed and sensitivity has been developed for the determination of Amiloride in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. It is based on the formation of yellowish white precipitate for the Amiloride-phosphomolybidic acid ion pair in aqueous medium. Turbidity was measured by Ayah 6Sx1-T-1D solar cell CFI analyser via the attenuation of incident light from the surfaces precipitated particles at 0-180. The Chemical and physical parameters were investigated. Linear dynamic range for the attenuation of incident light versus Amiloride concentration was of 0.005-10 mmol.L-1, with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9986 , while the percentage linearity (r2%) was 99.71%. The L.O.

One of the main environmental problems which affect extensively the areas in the
world is soil salinity. Traditional data collection methods are neither enough for
considering this important environmental problem nor accurate for soil studies.
Remote sensing data could overcome most of these problems. Although satellite
images are commonly used for these studies, however there are still needs to find the
best calibration between the data and real situations in each specified area. Landsat
satellite (TM & ETM+) images have been analyzed to study soil pollution
(Exacerbation of salinity in the soil without the use of abandoned agricultural for a
long time) at west of Baghdad city of Iraqi country for the years 1

In this paper, suggested method as well as the conventional methods (probability
plot-(p.p.) for estimations of the two-parameters (shape and scale) of the Weibull
distribution had proposed and the estimators had been implemented for different
sample sizes small, medium, and large of size 20, 50, and 100 respectively by
simulation technique. The comparisons were carried out between different methods
and sample sizes. It was observed from the results that suggested method which
were performed for the first time (as far as we know), by using MSE indicator, the
comparisons between the studied and suggested methods can be summarized
through extremely asymptotic for indicator (MSE) results by generating random
error

In this research, we study the effect of adding cold-standby redundancy in
increasing system reliability. Cold-standby redundancy is essential in the study of
maintenance polices.

In this paper, have been studying the effects of changing camera aperture
diameter on image quality, after that had been classified the captured images through
using Minimum Distance Classification method, after that evaluating the statistical
properties of the original images and analyzing the results. Next step is enhancing
the original images, and using Multi Scale Retinex algorithm, and then classify the
enhanced images and analyze the effects of classification for the enhanced images
through evaluating its statistical properties. We concluded that there was a
noticeable improvement in the results, comparing between the classified original
images with the classified enhanced images, the origina

Medical image analysis has great significance in the field of treatment, especially
in non-invasive and clinical studies. Medical imaging techniques and it analysis and
diagnoses analysis tools enable the physicians and Radiologists to reach at a specific
diagnosis. In this study, MR images have been used for discriminating the infected
tissues from normal brain’s tissues. A semi-automatic segmentation technique based
on statistical futures has been introduced to segment the brain’s MR image tissues.
The proposed system used two stages for extracting the image texture features. The
first stage is based on utilizing the 1st order statistical futures histogram based
features such as (the mean, st

Let 


 
, 1
( )
1 2 ,
( , ) 1 2
m n
s s
m n
f s s a e m n   , (s   it , j 1,2) j j j  ,  
m 1  and
 
n 1  being an increasing sequences of positive numbers and a E m n  , where E
is Banach algebra, represent a vector valued entire Dirichlet functions in two
variables. The space  of all such entire functions having order at most equal to 
is considered in this paper. A metric topology using the growth parameters of f is
defined on  and its various properties are obtained. The form of linear operator on
the space  is characterized and proper bases are also characterized in terms of
growth parameters  .

Nano-silver oxide thin films with high sensitivity for NH3 gas were deposited on glass substrates by the chemical bath deposition technique. The preparations were made under different values of pH and deposition time at 70áµ’ C, using silver nitrate AgNO3 and triethanolamine. XRD analysis showed that all thin films were
polycrystalline with several peaks of silver oxides such as Ag2O, AgO and Ag3O4, with an average crystallite size that ranged between 31.7 nm and 45.8 nm, depending on the deposition parameters. Atomic force microscope (AFM) technique illustrated that the films were homogenous with different surface roughness and the
grain size ranged between 55.69 nm and 86.23 nm. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer showed that the op

The aim of the current  study is to determine the elastic properties  of carbonate rocks using ultrasonic method.  Forty rock samples of  Anah formation  were collected at  different depths from  four wells drilled at the study area . The relationship between wave velocities and elastic properties of rocks was defined. Regression analyses to define these relations were applied. The results indicate that the elastic properties of the rocks show a linear relationship with both P- and S-wave velocities. The best relationship was obtained between both Young's modulus and Shear modulus with Vs in the determination of the coefficient ( R²  ), with values of 0.91 and 0.94,  respectively.&n

Effects of Trebon (Etofenprox) and its residues in Gambusia affinis were investigated .The fish were exposed to various doses of the insecticide during aperiod of 96 hours. The LC50 was 0.027 mg / l . Residues of Trebon in tissues of fishes weighting 0.35 g exposed to high concentration of the insecticide in water which killed 100% of the fish was 0.02696 mg/g fish as analysed by the UV-visible spectrophotometer.

The study includes 23 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound
infections .The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to each of Levofloxacin
and Ceftazidime for these isolates were determined. The results showed 11(47.8%)
isolates sensitive to both antibiotics, 5(21.7%) isolates resistant to each one of the
antibiotics and 7(30.5%) isolates appeared resistance to one of them and sensitive to
the other. Mutant Prevention Concentration (MPC) to both Levofloxacin and
Ceftazidime alone and in combination were determined to the 5 sensitive and 5
resistant isolates to both antibiotics. Mutant Selection Window (MSW) was
calculated according to the data of MPC and MIC to both levofloxacin an

β -galactosidase enzyme was extracted from the new born sheep brain by nine
solutions, It was found that the0.2 M sodium acetate and 0.2M NaCl give a highest
specific activity of crude enzyme. This enzyme was concentrated by four methods,
includes: concentration by ammonium sulfate (20-60%); old acetone; ethanol (30%-
60%) and by ultra filtration. It was found that the cold acetone was the better. The
purification folds were about 124.78 times and yield about 77.39%. The molecular
weight of this enzyme about 185.942 Kilo Dalton.