Laser ablation of a silver target immersed in distilled water using Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength of 1064nm was carried out to fabricate silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with different laser energy in the presence and absence of magnetic field. UV-Visible spectrum showed that the nanoparticles are almost spherical in shape. The number of Ag NPs increased by increasing laser energy while their particle size was reduced by increasing  laser energy without magnetic field. In the presence of magnetic field, the size of Ag NPs increased slightly by increasing laser energy. According to AFM results, the presence of magnetic field did not affect the average diameter of Ag NPs. The presence of a magn

      This study includedepidermal appendages characters of ten species belongingto the familyAsteraceae.Most of the studied species are characterized by eglandular, glandular, trichomesand papillae which are variable according to itskind, number of cells, shape, dimensions, characteristicsof surrounding cells, wall thickness and the position. Results showed that all species included glandular and eglandulartrichomes exceptCosmos bipinnatus, Ecliptaprostrate, andEupatoriumcannabinum that lacked in glandular trichomes and were based on their specific details.Trichomes were divided into different groups. The glandular ones involved sessile glandular or group multicellular and the head wasmace-shaped or round

The results were obtained through a study of three samples of three dust storms that struck the Baghdad Governorate in 2022. The following results were obtained by analyzing the grain sizes, showing that silt and clay are the main parts where the silt portion is occupied. The silt fraction occupies first place with a percentage ranging between 31.8%-51.9% with an average value of 43.22%. The clay fraction comes in second place with a percentage ranging between 31.8%-59.5% with an average value of 48.98%. In contrast, the sand percentage comes Finally, with a relative distribution ranging between 5.6%-11.6 and an average percentage of 7.78%. It was found that the organic matter in the samples of the study area was 1.78 and in the range 1.

The aim of the current study is the stratigraphic detection of clay thickness in the Hasciba Al-Sharqi region, western Iraq, which is suitable for making bricks, according to the recommendation of a previous study of the same area. Three resistivity sequences were created with an interelectrode spacing of 5 m, an n factor of 6a (where the initial spacing a is 5 m), and 120 electrodes of the Wenner-Schlumberger array were used. The quality of the 2D data is excellent as shown by the likeness between the pseudosection of the measured and calculated apparent resistivity. As for the quantitative interpretation, it is an inverse model that shows the thickness of the upper part of the Injana Formation (clay layer), ranging from 8 to 17 m. The

An investigation was conducted to examine the potential for producing bioethanol from lettuce leaves waste through fermentation utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study three different of pre-treatments methods were applied to the raw materials using H₂SO₄ (2%), HCl (5%) and NaOH (1%), respectively. The goal of these pretreatments was to break down the cellulose, hemicellulose as well as lignin to a mono-sugar that considered a simpler form which can be consumed directly through the fermentation process by S. cerevisiae to produce bioethanol. The results indicate that the NaOH pre-treatment yielded the highest sugar content, followed by the HCL, H₂SO₄ pre-treatment, while the

Six wells were selected in this study for the Mishrif Formation (Late Cenomanian - Early Turonian) in the Zubair oilfield in southern Iraq, which is considered one of the main reservoirs in the field, to study the microfacies and to evaluate the petrophysical properties. This study estimates shale volume, distribution (dispersed, laminar and structural), and formation effective porosity from well log data and cross-plots. The distribution of shale is mainly dispersed,
and an increase in effective porosity values indicates the quality of the reservoir. The microfacies analysis and the Lucia plot demonstrate that the Mishrif Formation consists of four main Microfacies (Lime mudstone, Wackestone, Packstone and Grainstone) in wells Zb-4

Image compression is a suitable technique to reduce the storage space of an image, increase the area of storage in the device, and speed up the transmission process. In this paper, a new idea for image compression is proposed to improve the performance of the Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC) method depending on Weber's law condition to distinguish uniform blocks (i.e., low and constant details blocks) from non-uniform blocks in original images. Then, all elements in the bitmap of each uniform block are represented by zero. After that, the lossless method, which is Run Length method, is used for compressing the bits more, which represent the bitmap of these uniform blocks. Via this simple idea, the result is improving the c

An arc discharge model for the discharge layers close to the cathode surface is reported. In addition to calculating the degree of plasma ionization and the ionization length to the average free path ratio; the effect of the voltage (U=10 V and 20 V), the temperature of the cathode surface, and mixture concentration (xenon- sodium) on the current density of plasma ( ), of ion ( j_i,), of electrons(  ), and of electrons emitted from the surface cathode (j_em,) , the ion energy density qi and the electron energy q_e was determined. The voltage (U=20V) had a greater effect. At sodium concentrations between (0.1 and 0.5 moles) added to xenon, a shift towards lower temperatures (1500-3000) K after adding sodium

In this study , nanoparticles of the metal oxides CuO, ZnO, and TiO₂ were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These nanoparticles were then used to dope paraffin wax (as the matrix material) and prepare nanocomposites [TiO₂; CuO/paraffin] and [TiO₂; ZnO/paraffin] through the ultrasound method. The morphology, size, and structures of the synthesized nanocomposite were examined and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier and transform infrared (FT-IR), in order to confirm the design of nanocomposite based nanostructures and reveal their distinctive features from where distribution on paraffin wax. The results of AFM analysis of the two synthesized nanostruc

The phenomenon of the drug trade has become a concern for the whole world, due to its negative effects on societies and the frustration that it caused when spreading to all parts of the society after being prevalent among young people only. The purpose of the study is to detect and identify the presence of drug dealers' gangs and the possibility of their presence and spread according to the neighboring areas and the number of residents. According to the data of the Iraqi Ministry of Interior for the period 2020-2021, organized gangs of the drug trade have become rampant in Iraqi society and are not confined to a specific group or place, but are practiced by many due to the multiple entry and exit outlets for this trade and the lack of co

Let G be a finite simple connected graph of order p, size q, and block B=B(G). The semifull graph of  G is a graph that has a vertex set V(G)∪E(G)∪B(G). So that any two vertices in the semifull graph of G are adjacent if any two vertices are adjacent in G, or any two edges are adjacent in G, or any two blocks are adjacent in G, or any vertex incident on edge or block. It was found that Hosoya polynomial, Wiener index, and average distance of a semifull graph are for some special graphs such as star, wheel, path, and cycle graphs, in addition to specifying  the diameter for each of the resulting graphs.

This study involves the synthesis of a new class of silicon polymers, designated as P1-P7, derived from dichlorodimethylsilane (DCDMS) in combination with various organic compounds (Schiff bases prepared from different amines and appropriate aldehydes or ketones) [I-V] through condensation polymerization. The structures of all monomers and polymers were characterization by FTIR and ¹HNMR spectroscopy (for some polymers)_. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry DSC test show stable thermal behaviour. Polymers with a higher concentration of aromatic rings in their repeating structural units exhibited a higher temperature for weight loss, indicating increased thermal stabil

High-purity Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized using the pulse laser ablation technique. Low-power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser was utilized as the energy source for the present study. A surface of a high-purity (99.95%) zinc plate submerged in 10 milliliters of water was exposed to a pulse laser beam of wavelength (λ=1064 nm), (τ= 9 ns). ZnO NPs in colloidal form were effectively synthesized. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were investigated using (XRD, SEM, Zeta Potential, and PL) approaches. XRD patterns revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the nanoparticles. Was detected by XRD. The spherical form of the generated nanoparticle was seen in the SEM images of Zn

In recent decades, the identification of faces with and without masks from visual data, such as video and still images, has become a captivating research subject. This is primarily due to the global spread of the Corona pandemic, which has altered the appearance of the world and necessitated the use of masks as a vital measure for epidemic prevention. Intellectual development based on artificial intelligence and computers plays a decisive role in the issue of epidemic safety, as the topic of facial recognition and identifying individuals who wear masks or not was most prominent in the introduction and in-depth education. This research proposes the creation of an advanced system capable of accurately identifying faces, both with and witho

Analytical studies of finite projective spaces of interest make understanding space objects much easier. In this paper, an analytic study is given of the finite projective space of dimension seven. Formulas of some combinatorial properties and details are found like, number of i-spaces through j-spaces, i>j, spaces resulting from the intersection of two spaces, i-space with j-space i≠j, and the relation between lines and skew lines. Also, the basic conditions to spread the space by lines were also found. All obtained results were implemented on the finite projective space of dimension seven over the finite field of order two as an example.

The Furin cleavage site and fusion peptide are critical regions in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The activation of the spike protein relies on furin cleavage, whereas the fusion peptide is critical for merging the viral envelope with host cell membranes. This study aims to map the mutations in the S1/S2 Furin, S2' cleavages sites, and fusion peptide regions within Iraqi isolates, examining the variability and conservation of these critical sites. Our study includes 14 SARS-CoV-2 Sanger sequenced fragments coupled with data mining of the 1043 genomic dataset of Furin/ S2' cleavage sites and fusion peptide regions extracted from whole genome sequences, representing the entire entry of Iraq to GISAID during the pandemic. The current anal

The research presents a proposed model for the role of using waiting queue models in improving the performance of health institutions in Iraq, Baghdad. The proposed model relies on a set of numerical methods, the most important of which is the quantitative programming method (QM for Windows). The model analyzes the stability of the system and simulations are performed to evaluate its performance. The main goal of this paper is to improve the performance of these government medical institutions in Iraq in a scientifically sound manner, so that the proposed model is applied to reduce crowding and waiting in health centers. This study was applied in one of the health centers in Baghdad, Palestine Street (Al-Idrisi neighborhood) during the p

This paper studies the mixed triple optimal control vector problem (MTOCVP) controlled by nonlinear system of triple elliptic PDEs (or for short TNES) under appropriate hypotheses.  The existence theorem of a unique triple state vector solution (TSVS) for the weak formulation resulting from the TNES is demonstrated by employing the Browder theorem, with fixed mixed triple control vector (MTCV). The Lipshcitz operator between the MTCV and its conforming TSVS is demonstrated continuous. The existence theorem of a mixed triple optimal control vector (MTOCV) controlling by the TNES is stated and demonstrated, under suitable assumptions. 

The Code-Talker Paradox concept is applied to test the ability to achieve differential privacy while maintaining an acceptable level of machine learning accuracy. A real-world dataset for heart failure patients is used to test the accuracy. Four different machine learning algorithms, namely: decision tree, logistic regression, random forest, and Naïve Bayes, are employed. Laplace noise is added to the raw dataset to protect private and sensitive user data. This research aims to: first, find a balanced noise scale where differential privacy is achievable with an acceptable accuracy result. Second, evaluate the four machine learning classifiers and introduce the one that best fits the current heart failure dataset. Hyperparameter tunings

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread, yet often overlooked, parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan, which is prevalent in numerous countries, including Iraq. This condition is marked by the appearance of skin lesions on various exposed areas of the body. In most old-world regions, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) is the classical widely used drug to treat CL. The progression of skin ulceration is controlled by different inflammatory modulators including cytokines and enzymes. In this study, the possible role of the enzyme Matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor Metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) as immunological markers was evaluated in CL patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis before and after tr

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) exhibits various virulence factors that enable it to both establish itself in the urinary tract and trigger disease symptoms. Ag43, which is encoded by the flu gene, promotes bacterial adherence and the production of biofilms on human urothelial cells. Using the Kirby-Bauer method, the ciprofloxacin sensitivity of forty UPEC isolates was assessed. Twenty-two UPEC isolates (21 of which were resistant to ciprofloxacin and one of which was sensitive) were used in order to calculate the MIC of ciprofloxacin using the macro tube assay. Using the (ABIO pure extraction) procedure, genomic DNA was extracted from bacterial growth. Real time PCR (qRT-PCR) proved successful in detecting the exp

Beta thalassemia major (BTM) is a genetic disorder that has been linked to an increased risk of contracting blood-borne viral infections, primarily due to the frequent blood transfusions required to manage the condition. One such virus that can be transmitted through blood is the Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and molecular detection of B19V. This study included 60 blood donors as controls and 120 BTM patients. B19V was identified by serology, which measured B19-IgG and B19-IgM antibodies. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) was employed to target the VP1/VP2 structural proteins. The results showed that B19V seropositivity represents 27.5% (33 out of 120) in BTM patients, and only

In recent years, the rapid rise of the population and urbanization have raised the issue of air pollution. Because of its impact on human health, air quality monitoring is a crucial problem. Air pollution impacts our daily lives and quality of life. It presents a threat to the planet's environment and quality of life. Because industrial operations have grown in recent years, there is a clear need to monitor air quality. People must realize how their actions affect the quality of the air. With advances in sensing and embedded technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to costly and stationary air quality monitoring stations for implementing air quality monitoring systems (AQMS). By developing an a

The present world depends on communications. Increasing dependency on communications means the importance of information security is increasing than ever. Every user wants to keep the data secure by applying a strong data encryption concept. The strong data encryption can be satisfied by using a strong encryption algorithm and strong key. In this research, a method is proposed –Key Generation Method (KGM) to generate the strong unique keys for the cryptographic algorithm. This method includes using 22 different types of hash functions to generate 22 strong unique keys with different two lengths (128-bit and 256-bit), then applying these keys with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. Analysis tools (entropy and autocorrelat

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes hospital-acquired infections, particularly in burn wounds and urinary tract infections, and is consistently ranked among the top three most common Gram-negative pathogens associated with these types of infections. During a period of 4 months, from 8/2021 to 11/2021, 65 samples were collected from patients suffered from burns, wounds, and UTIs infections in three hospitals in Baghdad. The conventional cultural identity of the isolates was confirmed by the results of the VITEK 2 system. Molecular identification of P. aeruginosa isolates based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was done, followed by testing antibiotic susceptibil

This paper introduces approximate estimators for the scale parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the exponential Rayleigh distribution using Modified Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian method. The Modified Maximum Likelihood estimator requires iterative techniques such as the modified Newton–Raphson method due to the unavailability of closed-form expressions. Bayesian estimators are derived using both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, and Lindley's approximation method is employed for integrals that lack closed-form solutions. Finally, the estimators obtained are compared through Monte Carlo simulation study.

This study intends to investigate the effect of rotation on the peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian Sutterby fluid through wave channel. The equations are non-homogeneous and non-linear partial differential equations. The equations have been resolved using approximation long wavelength assumptions. The results have been examined through graphics using the “Mathematica 13” program. Therefore, it has been noticed that the effect of the flow rate, amplitude ratio, density of the fluid, viscosity of the fluid, rotation and tube's average radius on the distribution of velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction forces and stream function. It has been noticed by increasing the flow rate, amplitude ratio, density of the fluid an

In this research, a new weighting method was presented based on the truncated fractional Mittag-Leffler function. Alternatives to Jacobi polynomials represented by the Chelyshkov polynomial with the orthogonal property and the fractional degree were relied upon. This approach is based on weighted residual methods. The differential equations are converted into a system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations. Accurate results were obtained in various applications, and the convergence of the proposed method was studied and the Chelyshkov polynomial was compared with other functions. In addition, weighting methods were compared. In comparison with other methods, the results showed the efficiency of the proposed method in solving such typ