Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) are two of the most prevalent autoimmune disorders affecting children and adolescents, with a notable tendency to co-occur in the same individual. This co-occurrence is thought to be attributed to the shared genetic predisposition underlying both conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies and the impact of the human leukocyte antigen-DQ2 (HLA-DQ2) gene on their levels in diabetic pediatric populations in Wasit Province, Iraq. A total of 100 patients with type T1DM and 60 healthy individuals, both sexes, under the age of 16 years, were 
recruited. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected from each participant to determine the

In this work, the optical emission spectroscopy technique was employed to diagnose the plasma and solar wind parameters of Comet C/2020 F3 from July 21 to July 31, 2020. Datasets of comet C2020 F3 (NEOWISE) were gathered using the Cassegrain telescope camera CTK-II providing information within the visible spectrum, particularly emission lines within the wavelength range of 560 to 636 nanometers. The investigation utilized a two-line ratio method to scrutinize the spectrum of the comet over a five-day period from July 21 to July 31, 2020. Furthermore, various plasma parameters such as electron temperature, electron density, Debye length, and plasma frequency were determined. The study also delved into solar wind parameters that align with

This study investigates the impact of varying concentrations of Pb, Ni, and Cr heavy metal ions on the growth of Synechococcus elongatus (S. elongatus) and evaluates the effectiveness of S. elongatus in removing these heavy metal ions through biosorption, with a focus on identifying the residual ions that are not removed by this process. This study was conducted using five bioreactors filled with BG11 growth medium, each containing a different concentration of each heavy metal ion. The removal efficiency and the remaining ions of these heavy metals were determined by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by measuring the concentration of heavy metal ions in the

A study was conducted on water's physical and chemical properties at five sites along the water channel within the University of Baghdad in Baghdad's Al-Jadriya district. All sites drew water from the Tigris River, adjacent to the university. The present study aimed to determine aquatic plant types inhabiting the study area and the diversity of fungi associated with these plants and fungi present in water during three seasons of the year: spring, autumn, and winter (2022 - 2023), considering five locations.

The results of the current study showed that the water became alkaline and the oxygen level was good, four types of aquatic plants were diagnosed and isolated from the aqueducts that derive their water from the Tigris River:

The current study investigates the association of the gene expression and Polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene variations (rs78025551 and rs7903146) with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iraqi patients. The study included 200 participants; 100 were T2DM patients, and 100 were healthy controls. Sex, age (divided into three groups), BMI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and HbA1c % were investigated. Results indicated that there were substantial variations between patients and controls (p < 0.01) regarding age, age group, BMI, FBG, and HbA1c %, while no significant differences at the sex level. The first part of the research revealed the determination of TCF7L2 gene expression. The median of ge

     Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that causes ongoing inflammation in the joints, starting with smaller joints and gradually spreading to larger ones, with potential complications affecting other parts of the body. The chronic inflammation in the synovial membrane leads to the degradation of cartilage and bone. Osteonectin (SPARC), a protein involved in tissue remodelling, is found to be highly expressed in the cartilage and synovium of individuals with RA, indicating its potential role in the disease process. This research aimed to investigate serum Osteonectin (ON) concentrations as a potential marker of RA disease activity. The study included 58 patients with RA and 30 healthy individuals, divided i

In many different applications, wireless sensor network (WSN) security enhancement is crucial. The progress in localizing routing attacks is a critical focus of security research.  The network performance is compromised by introducing rogue nodes into wireless sensor networks, resulting in various routing attacks.  This research introduces a method called hybrid self-organizing neural networks (Hyb_SONN) for detecting and localizing numerous assaults.  The proposed approach consists of two main components: localization techniques and a neural network for the detection and localization of WSN DoS attacks. Using the Hyb_SONN method, the dataset is divided into training and testing sets to detect 10 different types of attacks, includin

The high morbidity and mortality are caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which behaves as an opportunistic organism that resists many disinfectants through biofilm. The current study aims to detect variation in the ndvB gene and its relation with biofilm construction through the correlation of the change in the DNA sequence of the ndvB gene in different isolates and their phenotypic change in biofilm formation (weak, moderate, and strong biofilm producers). The biofilm was constructed, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for planktonic cells and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) for biofilm-forming cells were determined for the 20 isolates under the study. The prevalence of ndvB gene

Resource utilization in computer networks is a key area of research. Due to the growing numbers of communication devices and data being processed in the network, today's 5G networks are no exception. Network slicing provides a data-driven, programmable solution by enabling the use of virtual segments over the same underlying physical network, using techniques such as Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization. This paper focuses on predicting the most suitable network slice for network tenants by utilizing the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system as a multiclassifier for incoming network slice requests. Each tenant is assigned a suitable slice based on the requesting device's type and characteristics of the required

This research aimed to create eco-friendly superabsorbent gels that excel in swelling and absorption capacity, rapid swelling rate, affordability, and durability, with the ultimate goal of effectively removing water from crude oil and gasoline practically and sustainably. Superabsorbent hydrogels are composed of two main components. The first component is linear polyacrylamide, which acts as a polyelectrolyte. The second component includes varying amounts of acrylamide as a monomer with N, Ǹ-Methylene bis-acrylamide as a cross-linking agent and sodium persulfate as an initiator. This composition is developed using the semi-interpenetrating polymers network technique (semi-IPNs). The hydrogel was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and XRD

The antenna of the Baghdad University Radio Telescope (BURT), located at Baghdad longitude (44.38°) and latitude (33.275°), is moved according to a horizontal coordinate (Azimuth (Az), Elevation (El)) system. In this paper, the relation between antenna telescope movement is converted to equatorial coordinates (Right Ascension (RA), Declination (DEC)) using a set of conversion equations. MATLAB R2014a is used for programming all equations. Sun data observations for the BURT radio telescope archive are used to investigate the relationship between horizontal and equatorial coordinates. Two sets of data are selected to test and verify this 
relationship. The first set of data is for sun observation on 7 January 2019 at 10:50 AM, and

Medical leech therapy has been used for centuries due to its therapeutic effects. This therapy is mainly due to two main mechanisms: sucking and removing blood by leeches and secretion of leech saliva containing bioactive substances. This study investigated the effects of leech saliva extract (LSE) and medical leech therapy (MLT) on wound healing in rats with an incisional skin-wound model. The rats were divided into three groups: the control group (group I), the medical leech therapy group (group II), and the leech saliva extract group (group III). The wound healing process was observed and photographed morphologically on days zero and seven. After seven days, the rats were euthanised for detailed histological and biochemical examinatio

In this article, new class of operators named -Parahyponormal operator is imposed. It is extended Paranormality, means it includes both paranormal and hyponormal operators. This concept is described analytically based on the Inequality Theory (IT). Furthermore, a new characteristic of -Parahyponormality is investigated and provided. Several analytical merits, such as adjoint, invertible, null set, power again, and scalar multiplication, are highlighted. Besides, some algebraic merits of this considered operator are discussed including addition, multiplication and tensor product. Some illustrative examples are also provided.

The groundwater quality in the Abu Ghraib area of Baghdad governorate was estimated using a water quality index. Abu Ghraib area is located between latitudes (33° 10' 5" - 33° 22' 4" N) and longitudes (44° 1' 0" - 44° 13' 7" E) where twenty samples sixteen from groundwater, three from the Main drain, and one channel from the Euphrates River were collected and analysed between September 2023 and April 2024 for physical and chemical data. Which include TDS, pH, EC, Cation and anion. The sampled water was  neutral to slightly alkaline based on pH results. Groundwater samples are categorized as fresh to mildly salted according to TDS classifications. Every sample water is excessively mineralized according to Ec.. By applying the Kurlolo

Najas gracillima is a green seaweed commonly found in North America and East Asia. This study explored its phytochemical composition and assessed its antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, along with α-amylase inhibition and cytotoxicity evaluations via the brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSLB) and the HeLa cancer cell line. The acetone extract of Najas gracillima (ANG) showed a total phenolic content of 14.26 ± 1.86 mg GAE/g extract and a total flavonoid content of 10.27 ± 2.24 mg QUE/g extract. ANG demonstrated strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ for DPPH: 14.57 ± 0.93 µg/mL; IC₅₀ for ABTS: 32.17 ± 1.35 µ

The process of combining images from multiple medical imaging sources without any distortion or loss of information is known as medical image fusion. It improves the usefulness of medical imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of medical issues by maintaining every feature in the fused image. Recent years have seen the introduction of many image fusion techniques that show the significant progress in the field of medical diagnosis. However, the fusion performance of these contemporary methods is prone to distortion, noise, and blurring. To address these drawbacks of the current methods, this work presents a novel fusion methodology for a visually pleasing appearance. Using Gaussian curvature and guided filters, a new decomposition techn

In this paper, solving the Bicriteria Machine Scheduling Problems (BCMSP) and Bi-Objective Machine Scheduling Problems (BOMSP) are proposed using Swarm Intelligence (AI) represented by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The discussed BCMSP is a single machine with maximum early job time and range of late jobs (), and the BOMSP is . Comparison results of a simulation for exact (complete enumeration and Branch and Bound), heuristic method, and simulated annealing with proposed PSO has been made. The results prove the good efficiency of PSO in solving the two problems. All the results obtained by constructing simulation programs using MATLAB language. 

In this paper, a food chain model with fear, Allee effect and linear harvesting in prey population with additional food and nonlinear harvesting in predator’s population have been advanced and studied. Furthermore, it is assumed that the predators are feed on prey using Crowley-Martin functional response. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution have been discussed. The conditions of local and global stability have been found. The aim of this study is to determine the fear, Allee and additional food effect on the stability of the proposed system, it has been shown that they have an important effect in controlling the stability of the system. Finally, numerical simulation carried out by using Mathematica to verify our a

A numerical simulation of the streamer discharge was constructed to study the streamer origination (initiation) of the streamer discharge formation and development between two electrodes, one of which is a needle and the other a sphere electrode in transformer oil, with focusing on the effect of the rising time of lightning impulse voltage between the two electrodes. The model includes electron, positive, and negative ion continuity equations and Poisson's equation to simulate this streamer discharge behavior. The growth and development of the streamer discharge are examined by changing the rising time it takes for the voltage to increase using the applied impulse voltage parameters. Additionally, this model investigates different charac

For a commutative ring with identity 1 0. We denote the set of all zero divisors of  by  and . Let  denote the zero-divisor graph of R. Many authors have investigated zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings. In particular, some authors gave all rings with realizable graph order less than or equal to 22, the exploration of this classification for degrees 23, 24, and 25 is still a subject of ongoing research. In this paper, we present all possible rings when zero divisor graphs order 23, 24 and 25.

This research focused on studying the Toeplitz determinants for classes of functions with bounded turnings. Before that, some previous studies of Hankel's determinants have been discussed, due to their strong association with Toplitz determinants. They share most of the mathematical features. For example, if the transpose of both matrices is taken, then the original matrix is obtained. On the other hand, for the set BT of univalent functions with bounded turnings, estimates of the sixth-order Toeplitz determinants have been provided in the unit disc. Besides, the sixth Toeplitz determinant for the  and  was found, which subfamilies of the  family.

Long Term Evolution-LTE is a mobile communication system used in wireless communication networks, while the development of communication methods used today and the high demand for mobile devices of all kinds have necessitated many attacks. This paper suggests a new way to model and build the RC6 algorithm, which creates dynamic keys using last-layer switching (PLL) algorithms, so that it can be used for more than just text and images in a 4G network. Images of different lengths and sizes are selected in the encryption and decryption process. Comparative results show that the proposed security algorithms outperform the standard algorithms. A lot of tests were done on both algorithms, and the proposed algorithm did better than the standard

This paper presents two subclasses of analytic and bi-univalent functions associated with the Ruscheweyh derivative operator to investigate the bounds for  and where  and  are the initial Tayler-Maclaurin coefficients. The current results would generalize and improve some corresponding recent works. Additionally, in certain cases, our estimates correct some of the existing coefficient bounds.

This paper's primary goal is to present the connection between coding theory and the projective space PG(5,q) of order q, where q={2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11} It was determined whether or not the [n,k,d]-code is perfect. Where n is the length of the code, k is the code dimension, and d is the minimum distance, were calculated with error correction e according to the incidence matrix. We have found that the [n,k,d]-code in PG(5,q), q= {2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11}, is perfect if e = 1.

A field experiment was conducted in the fields of the University of Baghdad to determine the effect of clover residues mixed with the soil in which the barley crop (Arviat variety) was planted. Residues of two varieties of clover (Red clover and Egyptian clover) were added at a rate of 3 and 6grams of plant residues. Two control treatments were also implemented with 3 and 6 grams of barley straw for comparison purposes. The results showed that the clover residues significantly reduced the germination and growth of the barley crop. However, this inhibition increased significantly when plant residues were added to the Egyptian clover variety at concentrations of 3 and 6grams, achieving inhibition in the germination of barley seeds. It achi

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosis is a challenge, including invasive classical methods, which are time-consuming, inaccurate, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose modifying the VGG16 architecture to improve its performance in the classification task. We utilize the Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) image dataset to train the proposed modified VGG16 model. The dataset was split into training and testing sets at a ratio of 80% for training data, 10% for validation data, and 10% for testing data. The ALL dataset consists of four classes: Benign, Early, Pre, and Pro. The results of the proposed modified VGG16 model were very satisfactory: accuracy, 96.59%; precision, 96.61%; sensitivity, 96.59%; F1-score, 96.58%; and Matthe

     A new Schiff base ligand was prepared via a condensation reaction. The synthesis involved combining N-(4-aminophenylsulfonyl) benzamide (also known as sulfabenzamide) with indoline-2,3-dione. To facilitate the reaction, three drops of glacial acetic acid were added. This process yielded the ligand N-(4-(2-oxoindoline-3-ylideneamino) phenylsulfonyl) benzamide, designated as (L). Mixed ligand complexes were prepared in a molar ratio (1:1:1) (M:1,10-phen, L) at concentrations of 10^-4M by interacting L and 1,10-phenanthroline, with the following metal ions (Cr⁺³, Mn⁺², Zn⁺², Pd⁺², Cd⁺², Pt⁺⁴). These complexes exhibited different geometric shapes, including

Analyzing feasibility studies is essential for enhancing wind farms' availability, efficiency, and economy during construction and operation. Wind power and other renewable energy sources offer promising prospects for sustainable and cost-effective energy solutions. Considering technical and economic factors, this study evaluates the viability of establishing an onshore wind farm in the Al-Fajer location in southeastern Iraq. The RETScreen expert software is used to conduct financial analyses and assess the potential annual energy generation of the proposed project. The study includes analysis and evaluation using three distinct scenarios: economic factors such as investment costs, operation and maintenance costs, and the increasing debt

In this research, we studied the effect of porous media, magnetic field, and heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a second-order dusty fluid in a symmetrical cylindrical channel. The coupled nonlinear differential equations, which represent the motion of dust and fluid molecules, are formulated. These equations are solved by using the perturbation method with the help of the mathematics package; we obtained an approximate analytic solution. The impact of different kinds of parameters, like the Prandtl number, Renold number, wave number, second-grade parameter, Hartman number, wave length, permeability of the medium, and Darcy number, is discussed on the fluid velocity, fluid temperature, flow pattern, dust particle flow pattern, and

Since high prolactin levels worsen Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) symptoms, they have been the focus recently. The current study aims to shed light on hyperprolactinemia and the role of inflammation and biochemical disturbances in increasing the severity of PCOS. The study involved 90 participants: 68 women with PCOS, aged between 20-45, and 22 apparently healthy women with age match to patients. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, utilizing ElectroChemiLuminescence, ELISA, and NycoCardTM techniques for precise measurement of prolactin, testosterone, estrogen, TSH, FSH, LH, anti-FSH, and CRP. Depending on the prolactin level, samples were categorized into 3 groups: hyperprolactinemia-PCOS (above 23.30 ng/ml), normal