Urinary tract co-infections are particularly significant due to their potential to facilitate the transfer of biofilm formation genes between pathogens. The research aims to uncover hidden partners for catheter patients and determine, that isolates producer biofilm. 131 samples were collected from urinary catheter patients, during the period from October 2023 to March 2024. Each sample was cultured on mannitol salt agar and MacConkey agar plates to differentiate between G+ve and -ve bacteria. Then, identification was completed by using chemical tests and the Vitek 2 compact system. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and specific primers were designed to amplify mrpA and fimH genes using multiplex PCR. 96/131 (73.28%) of sampl

The most significant challenges in the advancement of cancer therapies including the adverse effects of chemotherapy, the emergence of drug resistance, and tumor metastasis, represent the major factors in therapies. In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising paradigm in drug delivery technology. This study utilised the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with bromelain (AuNPs-Br) and bromelain (Br). The AuNPs were synthesised using the Turkevich method, followed by the loading of bromelain onto these nanoparticles. Characterisation of the gold nanoparticles was conducted using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometry

Seismic noise analysis is crucial to enhance the reliability of earthquake monitoring networks. Therefore, in this paper, we investigated the ambient seismic noise at four seismic stations in central Iraq, namely Karbala (KAR2), Kut (KUT1), Diyala (DYL1), and Baghdad (BGD1) over a period of one year, by analysing the seismic noise using power spectral density (PSD) and probability density function (PDF) techniques and then comparing the analysis results with Peterson's models. Our results indicate that most of the stations are within the acceptable noise levels according to Peterson's model. However, the Karbala (KAR2) station consistently exceeds the New High Noise Model (NHNM) standards over the long periods range. A new station was in

To enhance patient outcomes, it is essential to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images with precision, ensuring the process is swift and automated. This study investigates the impact of integrating Caputo derivatives into deep learning models to enhance their performance in classifying HCM. The study examines the performance of a tailored convolutional neural network (CNN), the advanced EfficientNetV2S architecture, and the improved CNN incorporating the Caputo derivative. Key pre-processing techniques included image resizing, normalization, and data augmentation. Caputo’s CNN performed best with 92.47% accuracy, 93.57% precision, and 89.36% F1 score with a slightly reduced recall of 85.

This study is focused on simulations of the radiation pattern characteristics for a circular loop antenna that operates at a frequency of 1.42 GHz (λ = 21 cm). The circular loop antenna pattern is considered weak and depends on the antenna's circumference. Therefore, five values of antenna circumferences are chosen to achieve the best results for the antenna characteristics. These circumferences are taken to be smaller, equal, and larger than the operated wavelength. Then, the antenna characteristics are estimated. These characteristics are antenna directivity, effective area, efficiency, and solid angle, which are found to be 2.6, 0.009 (m2), 0.011, and 11.5 (radian), respectively. To improve these characteristics, four types of window

The morphological and photometric characteristics of dwarf galaxies in the local group are key to understanding galaxy structure and evolution, providing insight into the properties of low-luminosity systems. However, their faint nature makes them challenging to observe, especially at greater distances. In this study, we examined the morphological classification, spatial distribution, and photometric properties of a sample of 33 nearby dwarf galaxies at approximately 2 kpc, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) data release 18 (DR18), to investigate how these galaxies are varying in terms of their colors, surface brightness, and structural features. 

Our results reveal notable trends in the relationship between m

Recently, Operator Equation Theory (OET) has a leading demonstrated potentiality applicable in numerous scientific ranges of engineering, physical and mathematical. In a Hilbert C*-module, OET has enhanced by expanding upon extensive research. In this study, for the general situation of adjointable operators, the solvability of the operator equation P^* XΦ^*+ΦYP=Ω, where X and Y are unknown operators, are investigated based on Moore-Penrose inverse. Necessary and sufficient conditions for founding a solution to this equation are proposed. Moreover, by utilizing matrix approaches, four general expressions for the solutions are derived depending on the states of the operators P and Φ involved in the equation.

Genetic association between HBB genetic variations and β-thalassemia is the key factor for management and counseling β-thalassemia. This innovative investigation aims to explore the connection between three intronic SNPs in the HBB gene rs7946748 (64G>A), rs7480526 (71A>C), and rs1451581925 (386A>T) and clinical outcomes in β-thalassemia major patients from Southern Iraq. Using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing, 100 participants (50 patients and 50 controls) were analyzed. The study revealed a strong correlation between the AA genotype and the A allele of rs7480526 and a heightened risk for β-thalassemia and notable alterations in hematological parameters. Furthermore, rs7946748 and rs1451581925 were linked to

The nanoparticles (V₂O₅ and NiO) were synthesized via reflux and characterized using various techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV/visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Initially, the nanoparticles were dried at 90 ^oC, to obtain the as prepared nanoparticles (V₂O₅.1.8H₂O and Ni(OH)₂), followed by annealing at 500 ^oC to produce the oxide nanoparticles (V₂O₅ and NiO). The average grain sizes of the nanoparticles as prepared were 30.51nm, 55.70 nm, which decreased to 21.49 nm and 37.07 nm after annealing, respectively. T

Due to the fast growing nature of educational technologies, increased flexibility of learning processes has been realized with characteristics such as flexibility in assessment and delivery styles to match the students’ pace on different learning styles. Progress and engagement are very crucial since they show how flexible the learning system is to adapt to the new technologies. Current conventional educational systems pose a significant challenge in implementing differentiated instruction in conjunction with the idea of group learning, especially in heterogeneous classes, making the mixed ability classroom nearly marginal. In response to these challenges, this research uses the reinforcement learning approach for personalized educatio

In data analysis, “Clustering” has emerged as a mechanism applied in machine learning to group analogous data points or objects together based on their features, attributes, or characteristics. Clustering attempts to detect underlying patterns or structures in data without prior knowledge of group labels. Many algorithms are used in clustering like K-means, one of the most widely used clustering algorithms whose performance depends on the initial point and the value of K. Most clustering techniques need to determine the number of clusters in the beginning. However, in most cases, predicting that value is a high computational cost task. In this paper, an algorithm is designed to compute the proper number of dataset clusters using vari

The protein-coding gene MUC4 (Mucin 4) is positioned on chromosome 3's long arm at position q29. The current study aims to investigate MUC4 polymorphisms and haplotypes concerning polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The research involved 120 women, comprising 60 women with PCOS, and 60 healthy fertile individuals serving as a control group. This study focused on sequencing of certain segments (775 bp) from exon 11 in the MUC4 gene to identify polymorphic SNPs and haplotypes. Four SNPs in the MUC4 gene were examined. The SNP rs781407488 GG homozygous genotype showed a significant protective association with PCOS with a 0.46 odds ratio. In contrast, the GA heterozygous and AA homozygous

Pseudomonas aeruginosa’s biofilm may have a role in its resistance to antibiotics. By interfering with the quorum sensing (QS) system, biofilm formation in pathogens may be inhibited, thereby reducing resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, new approaches for treating bacterial infections could be offered by applying QS inhibitors (QSIs). Recently, soil microorganisms have been employed as they created compounds with QS inhibition properties. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the ability of facultatively anaerobic soil bacteria to impede the QS of P. aeruginosa, thereby interfering with QS-regulated biofilm production. In this research, the soil bacteria were isolated and identified by the Vitek2 system.

The green synthesis of nanoparticles is regarded as an eco-friendly, cost-effectiveness, and simple methodology. Using green synthesis techniques for nanoparticles may enhance the characteristics of these nanomaterials through reduced dimensions and specific shapes achieved. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom has numerous bioactive compounds, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites, which can act as reducing and stabilizing agents in nanoparticles synthesis. The antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has received considerable interest due to their ability to interact with bacterial surfaces and penetrate the bacterial core, hence revealing unique bactericidal mechanisms. This study explores the

One hundred thirty bacterial samples were collected from different clinical sources, including (diuresis, sputum, wounds, blood, and burns) from different hospitals in Baghdad, including Imamain Al-Kadhimain (PBUT) Medical City, Al-Karkh General Hospital, Al-Kadhimiya Children's Hospital, The burns Hospital, Ghazi Al Hariri Hospital and Baghdad Hospital. The isolates were diagnosed with phenotypic, microscopic, and biochemical tests, and molecular diagnosis was performed by detecting the 16SrRNA gene. After the final diagnosis, 50/130 (38.4%) of K. pneumoniae bacteria were obtained. The results of the study showed that the highest percentage of isolation of K. pneumoniae bacteria was from sputum samples of pati

Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by different species of Leishmania parasites, spreads through the bite of the female sand fly. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe manifestation of Leishmaniasis. If untreated, it can lead to a high fatality rate. This research was designed to examine the prospects of alterations in behavior that might arise following an infection of visceral leishmaniasis in rats. This was achieved by evaluating the exploratory or locomotor activity, anxiety levels, and emotional social behaviour of infected rat models. Sixty adult  male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group and three infected groups with (10, 50, and 100 million parasites). Behavioural experiments were c

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive bacterium that produces proteins with specific toxic effects against invertebrate organisms. These toxins specifically target insects. This study examined a hypothetical Bt protein for its potential toxicity to mammals. The hypothetical protein was analyzed using various bioinformatics tools, including NCBI BLAST and conserved domain tools. The physicochemical properties were assessed using ExPasy ProtParam, and homology models were generated through automated services. The analysis revealed that the hypothetical protein is a thiol-activated cytolysin, a pore-forming toxin that targets mammalian cells with a signature motif. The toxin has a molecular weight of 52.6 kD

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are surface-active chemicals primarily generated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and classified as glycolipid biosurfactants. They have attracted interest in several fields because of their unique properties. Therefore, this study aimed to extract, optimize and characterize the glycolipid from a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa. One hundred-twenty specimens were gathered. Hemolysis test (primary screening) was performed to estimate the isolates that have the ability to produce biosurfactant (glycolipid). Only nine isolates of Pseudomonas spp. showed the highest hemolysis zones ranged between (26-40 mm), respectively. These isolates were subjected to secondary screening and emulsification index (E<

This paper presents a hybrid machine learning model to analyze user behavior patterns in educational mobile applications for engagement frequency, session lengths, and interaction events. The new model combines Decision Trees and Neural Networks into a unique system that predicts learning outcomes accurately rather than deviating toward accuracy-guided prediction models. The research data has been collected over the past six months with approximately 10,000 middle school students aged 12-15 using the educational app, all of which contributed to a dataset of 50,000 user sessions. So extensive data collection was, as discussed in the Data Collection section, that it enabled our model to outperform standard methods such as logistic regressi

This study presents a novel approach to classifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using eye-tracking data and advanced machine-learning techniques. The study employed a comprehensive dataset of eye movements from 28 children, 14 with ASD and 14 typically developing (TD) controls, collected while viewing 300 natural scene images. This methodology encompassed traditional machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting) and deep learning models (Convolutional Neural Network and a hybrid CNN-LSTM architecture). The hybrid CNN-LSTM model achieved the highest accuracy of 99.89%, outperforming other approaches and comparable studies in literature. Notably, even our simpler Logistic Regression model attain

     Background subtraction is the dominant approach in the domain of moving object detection. Lots of research has been done to design or improve background subtraction models. However, there are a few well-known and state-of-the-art models that can be applied as a benchmark. Generally, these models are applied to different dataset benchmarks. Most of the time, choosing an appropriate dataset is challenging due to the lack of dataset availability and the tedious process of creating ground-truth frames for the sake of quantitative evaluation. Therefore, in this article, we collected local video scenes of a street and river taken by a stationary camera, focusing on dynamic background challenges. We presented a new technique for creati

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate was isolated from soil. The antibacterial activity of crude extract of this isolate was determined against pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus) which are isolated from patients with skin infections. The extraction of this substance was done and study it characterization after purified by silica gel chromatography, It was stable within range of pH (5-9) at 37 ºC for 24 hr. and inactivated by serum at concentration > 50%. The substance was soluble in methylene chloride, chloroform, acetone, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and it was insoluble in water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane.

Deposition environment and diagenesis processes are very important factors which affect and control the reservoir properties.  The carbonate Mishrif Formation has been selected as a carbonate reservoir in selected wells from southeastern Iraq to understand the influence of the Deposition environment and diagenesis processes on the carbonate reservoir. A core examination of thin sections, shows that Mishrif Formation comprises of six depositional environments, these are: deep marine, lagoon, rudist biostrome, back shoal, and shallow open marine.  These environments have effect by many diagenetic processes, including dolomitization, dissolution, micritization, cementation, recrystallization and Stylolite, some of these processes

Eight new binuclear metal complexes of pentaaza bimacrocyclic rings were prepared by condensation reactions of benzidine, formaldehyde, and o- phenylene diamine (o-p D) with one of the diketones: acetyl acetone (acac), dibenzoyl (DB), or dibenzoyl methane (DBM) in presence of Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) chlorides, or with 1,2- dicyanobenzene (DCB) in presence of Zn(II) chloride in molar ratios of 1:4:4:2:2 respectively. Structures and bonding behaviour of complexes were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, I.R and U.V-Visible spectra together with conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility. Octahedral geometries, were suggested for all prepared complexes. Five of the studied complexes exhibited fluorescence

       Remote sensing is a source of up-to-date information. The present study relied on various approaches for gathering information, including descriptive, quantitative and quantitative analytical processes. Particularly,  we conducted the analysis of the satellite data ETM + of the satellite Landsat7 and the digital models of Digital Elevation Model of SRTM using ArcGIS9.2. The model depends on primary mathematical equations and  constitutes an essential base for GIS applications that rely on data, computer, and software, performing the processes of data entry, analysis and processing. This paper deals with the geomorphological characteristics of a selected study area in Kirkuk province. The cha

Protecting information systems from manipulation and unauthorized access is extremely important. The Diffie-Hellman (DH) protocol is essential for key exchange because it is based on the discrete logarithm problem. Although widely used, this protocol is vulnerable to various attacks like man-in-the-middle, replay, and brute force due to its lack of validation mechanisms for authorized parties. The novel proposed algorithm treats these vulnerabilities and enhances the security of the DH scheme by performing authentication between the two parties based on the complete graph. We have used simple mathematical operations to ease implementation. The proposed work enhances the security of the DH algorithm by using the properties of the complete

The catalytic subunit The catalytic subunit  (P110α) of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), which is encoded by PI3KCA gene located in chromosome 3, has been found to be upregulated significantly in patients with breast cancer. The research aims to study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP rs2108429654) located in exon 20. This SNP (rs2108429654) was genotyped in 70 women with breast cancer (50 postmenopausal and 20 premenopausal) and 40 control women using the DNA sequencing technique (Sanger method). According to statistical analysis of hormone receptors, prostaglandin hormone (PR), estrogen hormone (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 hormones (HER-2) with menopausal st

The output argon plasma stream was generated, and its properties were studied. The deionized water was formed using the optically described plasma stream. The titanium plate was melted using a needle with the argon gas stream. An analysis was conducted on the emission spectra of the plasma generated within the argon gas plasma jet system at different operating voltages, a flow rate of 4 L/min, and the pressure of the atmosphere. The amounts of NO₂, NO₃, and H₂O₂ that the lab will treat to evaluate their impact on removing bacterial aggregation were determined by measuring the absorbance of the plasma-treated water at wavelengths between 300 and 400 nm. Using optical emission spectrometry (OES),

The use of remote sensing technology and modeling methodologies to monitor changes in land surface temperature (LST) and soil moisture index (SMI) has become an essential reference for making decisions on sustainable land use. This study aims to estimate LST and SMI in Karbala Province to contribute to land management, urban planning, or climate resilience in the region; as a result of environmental changes in recent years, LANDSAT Satellite Imagery from 2013- 2023 was implemented to estimate the LST and SMI indexes. ArcGIS 10.7 package was used to calculate the indices, and the normalized mean vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated as it is closely related to extracting the LST and SMI indices. The results showed that extracting the veg

In the present work, the detailed calculations of a nuclear collision (deuteron + gold) (D+Au) using the sharp surface density profile as a function of collision impact parameter at center of mass energy (√s_NN = 200 GeV) are presented. The number of nucleons that participate in the collisions, in addition to the differential elastic cross-section, at different energies was calculated. The study of the effect of various energies on the outcome of intranuclear nucleon collisions can be carried out by varying the energy of each collision. Thus, properties of the particles resulting from the collision are observed by the different high energies, √s = 200, 56, 200, 2760, and 5440  GeV . The nuclear overlapping functio