At the Subba oil field, wellbore stability is the main concern while drilling. The wellbore's instability causes several issues, including: (inefficient hole cleaning, tight hole, stuck pipe, mud losses, caving, bad cementing, and well kick or blowout). This increases Non-Productive Time (NPT) and well-drilling costs; hence the operator's main goal is to create a drilling program that reduces these problems and therefore reduce drilling cost. The study aims to build a 1D mechanical earth model to predict the wellbore failure and design optimum mud weight to improve the drilling efficiency for future wells. The model includes pore pressure, stress state, and rock mechanical parameters (such as UCS, angle of friction, Young-Modulu

     Linear programming currently occupies a prominent position in various fields and has wide applications, as its importance lies in being a means of studying the behavior of a large number of systems as well. It is also the simplest and easiest type of model that can be created to address industrial, commercial, military and other dilemmas. Through which to obtain the optimal quantitative value. In this research, we deal with the post optimality solution, or what is known as sensitivity analysis using the principle of shadow prices. The scientific solution to any problem is not a complete solution once the optimal solution is reached. Any change in the values of the model constants or what is known as the inputs of the model will

     This work demonstrated a simple and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing silica-supported copper nanocubes (CuNCs/SiO₂). The copper nanocubes, with a size of 15 ± 5 nm, were synthesized using green reagents and conditions. Ascorbic acid, water, and di-n-butyl sulfide were employed as reducing agent, solvent, and stabilizing ligand, respectively. The designed nanoscale catalyst was utilized for the esterification of acetic acid to methyl acetate at room temperature. The catalyst exhibited high efficiency, converting 80% of the reactant to the desired product (methyl acetate) after 24 hours of reaction at room temperature. The size and shape of copper nanocubes were characterized by transmission el

In this work, biosynthesized nanoparticles (Cr₂O₃) NPs were extracted by licorice root and proven by AFM technique to have a particle diameter of 14.99 nm. These particles were superimposed on polypropylene, and nanocomposites were synthesizes and diagnosed using different techniques, such as FT-IR, SEM, EDS, XRD, TG, DTA, and DSC. To identify the shapes, sizes, and nature of the particles of nanocomposites synthesized in an environmentally friendly way using the mentioned techniques, inhibitory actions of microorganisms were studied using several types of bacteria and fungi. To identify the protective role of environmentally friendly nanoparticles, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was cha

      A significant topic of contemporary cryptography research and standardization is the development of public key crypto systems that resist attacks from quantum computers. Protocols and applications should start investigating the use of quantum-resistant key exchange and encryption to protect the confidentiality of current communications against future quantum computers utilizing post-quantum cryptography for a particular key exchange. Since they operate harder and need fewer steps compared to conventional computers, quantum algorithms are more secure and robust. Attackers who use quantum computers have powerful computing capabilities, and a quantum allows for simple cryptographic system breaking. Security algorithms that are qu

 In this study, the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide (ZNo NPs) was evaluated. ZnO NPs are considered as one of the many multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with potent antibacterial properties. ZnO NPs were synthesized from the Lyngbya sp. extract.Following the green synthesis method,several other methods were used to characterize the biologically produced ZnO nanoparticles, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis).The AFM results showed 52.09 nm diameter as an averagesize of ZnO NPs, while the shapes of NPs were irregular as revealed through the FE-SEM image.Also, using UV-visible a cut-off phenome

Gram-positive enterococciare opportunistic and resistant to many antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Enterococcus spp. in our community and whether these isolates are resistant to the macrolides class of antibiotics. Fifty isolates from 112 clinical samples were recognized as Enterococcus spp. and confirmed using Vitek-2 system. The current study found that 50/112 (44.6%) represented the total isolates, 38/50 (76%) of which were Enterococcus faecalis, while 12/50 (24%) were Enterococcus faecium, twenty (40%) isolates from root canals and 30 (60%) isolates from urine were isolated. The sensitivity of the enterococcal isolates to various macrolides (erythromycin

In this paper we introduce the concept of Endo-approximately 2-absorbing sub- module (shortly EATA) as a generalization of Endo 2-absorbing sub-module , where A proper sub-module N of an R-module Μ is called an EATA sub-module  if for all f, g ∈ EndM, x∈M, f∘g(x) ∈ N implies the f^2 (x) ∈N or g^2 (x) ∈N or f^2∘g^2  (M) ⊆N. Many basic properties, characterization and examples of this concept are given. 

The purpose of this paper is to define Bi- Hom Γ-Lie algebra, Lie triple Hom Γ-derivation on Bi- Hom Γ-Lie algebra (g,[.,.]_λ,θ_1,θ_2)and Jordan triple Hom  Γ-derivation on Bi-Hom  Γ-Lie algebra (g,[.,.]_λ,θ_1,θ_2 ), Also to study the relation between Lie triple Hom  Γ-derivation and Jordan triple Hom  Γ-derivation on Bi-Hom  Γ-Lie algebra (g,[.,.]_λ,θ_1,θ_2 ).

As infertility became a significant public health problem, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) were introduced. The study aims to investigate infertility in women undergoing their IVF cycle, the role of FMS like Tyrosine kinase 1, and other associated factors causing infertility, as well as the relationship between FMS like Tyrosine kinase 1 and the IVF outcome. The study population consisted of 136 infertile women who sought medical help at Kamal Al-Samarra'ay Specialized Hospital for infertility treatment. The collection of data was performed by means of a specifically designed questionnaire, which, apart from the demographic data, included questions concerning the causes of infertility. According to the reasons for infertility, t

Soil index properties are used to calculate and determine the geotechnical properties of soils and then determine soil suitability for the construction of engineering projects. Most of the geotechnical properties of soil affect each other directly or indirectly, and these properties can be utilized as indicators to calculate other properties.

In the present study, some soil index properties were used to identify the geotechnical properties of soil. According to the unified classification system for soil, most soils were classified as low and high plasticity hilt. In addition, the soils showed a medium to a high degree of expansion according to the values of the Atterberg limit and were generally considered inactive clay soil. Base

Structure-from-Motion (SfM) Photogrammetry-based unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are considered one of the most effective non-destructive techniques to detect features in archaeology. However, relying on only standalone-based photogrammetric approaches is not always valid in revealing new archaeological features and monuments. This study aims to verify the efficiency of the integration-based methodologies of SfM photogrammetry products to improve the detection of new archaeological features in the non-excavated regions of the archaeological site of Ur, south of Iraq. The methodology proposes an automatic workflow to extract 3D topographic models such as Digital Terrain Model (DTM) by Agisoft Metashape (MS) software and orthomosaic images

This study aimed to demonstrate the biosynthesis procedure of zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-O NPs) by using extracellular components from environmental isolates of Escherichia coli as reducing and stabilizing agent by adding 1 g of zinc sulfate to 10 ml of bacterial extract to prepare of zinc oxide nanoparticles. These organic pollutants are considered one of the most important causes of poisoning that have great health risks to humans and are also considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants as they are toxic and harmful to the environment. The optimum condition for Zn-O biosynthesis was characterized through several devices and techniques such as ultraviolet- visible (UV-Vis) Atomic force microscope (AFM) X-Ray diffract

     Injection logging tools (ILT) have long been used in the industry to evaluate well performance and make strategic decisions. This case study validates the application of ILT in diagnosing anomalies and evaluating well-injection performance. An injector in Iraq's southern oil fields has three perforations, each in a different zone (commingled injection). Throughout the ILT job interpretation, at the flow pass analysis, according to the spinner recording, the first zone perforation takes all the injected water confirmed by the temperature sensor. While in the shut-in pass, the temperature sensor detects an anomaly, a cooling effect, on the entire first zone, not just in front of the injection perforation; there is also a cooling e

Melatonin (MEL) appears to have a regulatory role in vascular tone through enhancing endothelial-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) and modulation of calcium (Ca²⁺) influx in both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs). While, such effects on angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) vasoreactivity in the vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) remained unclear. Therefore, the current study investigates the vasculoprotective action of MEL on Ang 1-7 dose response curve (DRC) via Ca²⁺ channels and EDRFs in streptozotocin (STZ)–induced diabetes mellitus (DM) in male albino rats’ isolated aorta. The present study included four experiments. Experiment I, included measurement of tunical inti

The opportunistic multidrug resistance pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has one or several flagella, and the numbers of these sophisticated machines are regulated by the flagellar regulator gene FleN. The flagellar hook gene FlgE is important for its synthesis, motility and tolerance to antibiotics. Bacteriahave resistance to antibiotics, especially to cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotics. For the current study, 102 clinical specimens were collected and identified using routine laboratory tests and confirmed by Vitek-2 compact system.  A total of 33 isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified. The antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the Vitek 2 Compact system. Flagellar gene detected by conventio

Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by polymerization via the chemical oxidation of aniline monomer with ammonium persulfate as the initiator. The interfacial polymerization method was used to prepare PANI/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF₄] polyionic liquid (PIL). The obtained PANI/ [BMIM][BF₄] PIL was investigated by the XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR, and UV-Visible characterizations. X-ray diffractogram of PANI showed five prominent characteristic peaks at 27.1°, 24^o, 21.8°, 19.8°, and 18.2°. This demonstrates the semi-crystalline character of the polyaniline produced through the interfacial polymerization process. Incorporation of [BMIM][BF₄] into PANI reduced the crystalline ph

     In this work, the pseudoparabolic problem of the fourth order is investigated to identify the time -dependent potential term under periodic conditions, namely, the integral condition and overdetermination condition. The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the inverse problem are provided. The proposed method involves discretizing the pseudoparabolic equation by using a finite difference scheme, and an iterative optimization algorithm to resolve the inverse problem which views as a nonlinear least-square minimization. The optimization algorithm aims to minimize the difference between the numerical computing solution and the measured data. Tikhonov’s regularization method is also applied to gain stable results. Two examp

The water quality of the Tigris Channel at Al-Taji area were studied in both periods (August, and March, 2022).  Eight samples were collected from Tigris channels to investigate water quality and parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Temperature (T), hydrogen number (pH), Total Hardness (T.H), as well as significant cations (Ca²⁺, Mg ²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺), significant anions (CO₃^2-, HCO₃ ^-, Cl^- and SO₄^2-) and Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cr). The results show that the maximum value of EC is 1182 (µS/cm) in Ch3 in the dry period, while the lowest value of EC is1105 (µS/cm)

The conformable Sumudu-Elzaki Transform Decomposition Method CSETDM is used in this research to handle the approximate numerical solutions for the regular and singular one-dimensional conformable Fractional Coupled Burger's Equation CFCBsE and the Nonlinear Singular Conformable Pseudohyperbolic equation NSCPE. This method is generalized in the sense of conformable derivatives. Essential results and theorems concerning this method are discussed. Some numerical examples are given to exhibit the proposed technique's viability, applicability, and effortlessness.

This paper proposes and studies an ecotoxicant system with Lotka-Volterra functional response for predation  including prey protective region. The equilibrium points and the stability of this model have been investigated analytically both locally and globally. Finally, numerical simulations and graphical representations have been utilized to support our analytical findings. 

Nickel-doped manganese–magnesium ferrite (Ni_xMn_0.25-xMg_0.75Fe₂O₄) was prepared using the auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a single ferrite spinel phase in all the prepared samples. The crystallite size ranged from 24.30 to 28.32 nm, increasing with increasing the Ni content. The porous structure of all the samples was verified with a scanning electron microscope. FE-SEM images were used to confirm the production of spherical or semi-spherical nanoparticles with little change in particle size distribution. The study revealed that the nanoparticles were small enough to behave superparamagnetically. According to the magnetic tests conducted with the VSM at roo

This research aims to assess trace elements of contamination by agricultural soils in the Al-Haye district. Soil samples were collected from a selected agricultural area near the banks of the Tigris River, and trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, CR, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn, Zr, Pb, Se, V, Zn, Zr), pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter were identified in soil samples. The pH of the soil sample ranged between 7.7 and 7.6, which is equivalent to the pH of the sub-alkalis (7.3). The organic matter content is 1.8433%; this range of organic matter is between 1.56 and 1.98. The average soil conductivity was 995.37 ug/cm. The level of trace contamination was found in soil samples as follows: Fe> Mn> Ba> Cr> Ni>

Because of the importance of using ^99mTc isotope as a radioactive tracer for nuclear medicine, the production of this isotope from accelerating protons at energies 1-70 MeV is investigated carefully through the evaluation of the calculated excitation functions of the ¹⁰⁰Mo(p,2n)^99mTc reaction. For accuracy, the proton interaction channels with ¹⁰⁰Mo, the excitation functions of reactions,¹⁰⁰Mo(p,2n)^99mTc, ¹⁰⁰Mo (p, pn)⁹⁹Mo, and ¹⁰⁰Mo (p, nonelastic) are calculated, using Kalbach Systematic approach in Exciton model gathered with Feshbach-Kerman-Koonin (FKK) statistical theory. The results are compared with the available published data in th

In the oil and gas sector of Basrah, natural radioactive materials are accumulated in various equipment like wellheads, pumps, and separation vessels, often manifested as scales, sludge, and other forms of waste. Without proper preventive measures, these accumulations pose significant risks to workers, the public, and the environment. This study aims to assess the lifelong cancer risks associated with production processes and the handling of resultant waste, be it scale sediments, sludge, or soil. Sample collection across different regions was based on the evaluation of production and storage facilities. Using a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe), activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were m

    The United Nations classified Iraq as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Temperatures continue to rise leading to more heat waves, droughts, sandstorms, and desertification. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of heat waves over Iraq from 1982 to 2050 using CMIP6 model at RCP4.5 scenarios. The results clearly showed that the effects of climatic changes were evident in the maximum and minimum temperatures inside Iraq. Average temperature increased of 1.9°C between 1982 and 2020. During 1999, there was a sharp increase in summer days for all stations. The annual number of summer days for the stations (Basra, Nasiriyah, Baghdad, Rutba, Sulaymaniyah, and Mosul) was (195, 193, 177, 108, 106, and 142

The study aimed to address the global challenge of cancer-related fatalities by investigating the feasibility of identifying or predicting the early-stage presence of three distinct forms of cancers, colon, thyroid and urothelial carcinoma, via the analysis of raw DNA sequences. The data, sourced from the NCBI database, underwent a series of pre-processing techniques, including kmer analysis, under-sampling and count vectorization. Subsequently, machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression and multinomial Naive Bayes, were implemented on the pre-processed data with logistic regression demonstrating superior accuracy of 80.10% with calibration and 78.54% without calibration. To enhance the model's extrapolative capabilities,

To examine the total mass of the merging galaxy NGC1614, the findings of this paper are presented in the CO(3-2) transition using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The total mass of the NGC1614 galaxy is determined in this study within a radius of 0.5 kpc, which is based on the line-of-sight rotational velocity. According to the findings, the total mass is about (2.8±0.08)×10⁹ M⨀. The derived mass of NGC 1614 is an important feature to know its mass distributions and dynamical structure. The latter might be a key to study the missing matter mass and stellar mass, where baryonic mass and missing matter in each galaxy become affected by the approaching galaxy during the merger.

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer with many advantages such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of chitosan in reducing or regulating liver disorders caused by high fructose.concentration. The study was performed on thirty-two Wistar male rats, weighing between 195-200gms. These rats divided into four groups: control group which was kept on distill water, group 2 (G2) dosed with 40% fructose, group 3 (G3) dosed with 250 mg/kg of chitosan and group 4 (G4) dosed with 40% fructose and 250 mg/kg chitosan. After four weeks  of study the blood samples were taken by heart puncturing and then all animals were sacrificed and  specimens from liver were taken  and homogen

 Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)  were prepared by green method using Zingiber officinale (G-ZnO) and Syzygium aromaticum extract (S-ZnO). X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations revealed that ZnO NPs have wurtzite hexagonal structures in extracts of Zingiber officinale and Syzygium aromaticum, with average crystal sizes of about 38.49 nm and 27.66 nm,   respectively. FTIR was performed to investigate the nature of functional groups in the active compounds responsible for the formation of ZnO NPs. The diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) showed the direct bandgap energy of the as-prepared nanoparticles. The zinc oxide sample composition and purity  were confirmed using energy dispersive  X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphologi