Various industrial applications include the dyeing of textiles, paper, leather, and food products, as well as the cosmetics industry. Physic-chemical methods are required to breakdown dyes because they are known to be harmful and persistent in the environment. Many companies' treated effluents contain small amounts of dyes. When it comes to removing dye from wastewater, adsorption has verified to be aneconomical alternative to more traditional treatment procedures. It's important to degrade color impurities in industrial effluents since they constitute a serious health and environmental concern. One way that's been tried is using clay minerals as an adsorbent. Using adsorption for removing contaminants from aqueous solutions is discussed in this review article. Adsorbent dosage, solution pH, dye concentration, and temperature all play a role in dye adsorption in this review paper. For dyes removal, the applicability of several adsorption kinetic and isotherm models is also given here.
The aim of this study is to shed light on the importance of biofuels as an alternative to conventional energy, in addition to the importance of preserving agricultural crops, which are the main source of this fuel, to maintain food security, especially in developing countries. The increase in global oil prices, in addition to the fear of global warming, are among the main factors that draw the world’s attention to searching for alternative sources of traditional energy, which are sustainable on the one hand, and on the other hand reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, the volume of global investment in renewable energy in general, and in liquid biofuels and biomass in particular, has increased. Global fears emerged that the excessive convers
... Show MoreThe aim of this study is to shed light on the importance of biofuels as an alternative to conventional energy, in addition to the importance of preserving agricultural crops, which are the main source of this fuel, to maintain food security, especially in developing countries. The increase in global oil prices, in addition to the fear of global warming, are among the main factors that draw the world’s attention to searching for alternative sources of traditional energy, which are sustainable on the one hand, and on the other hand reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, the volume of global investment in renewable energy in general, and in liquid biofuels and biomass in particular, has increased. Global fears emerged that the excessive
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Molar conductivity of different concentrations of thymine and adenosine in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride solution at different temperatures , 283. 15-323.15 K has been determined from direct conductivity measurements , examination of aqueous mixture of thymine and adenosine with Onsager equation reveal deviation from linearity at high concentration .This deviation was explained in term of molecular interaction . Ostwald dilution law also examined with the above mixtures lead to calculation of limiting molar conductivities and dissociation constants of both nucleic acid in water , sodium acetate and ammonium chloride. The agreement between the values obtained for Onsager equa
... Show MoreThis work was conducted to study the oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution using copper based catalyst with zinc as promoter and different carrier, i.e. γ-Alumina and silica. These catalysts were prepared by impregnation method.
The effect of catalyst composition, pH (5.6-9), phenol to catalyst concentration ratio (2-0.5), air feed rate (30-50) ml/s, stirring speed (400-800) rpm, and temperature (80-100) °C were examined in order to find the best conditions for phenol conversion.
The best operating conditions which lead to maximum phenol conversion (73.1%) are : 7.5 pH, 4/6 phenol to catalyst concentration, 40 ml/s air feed rate, 600 rpm stirring speed, and 100 °C reaction temperature. The reaction involved an induction period
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