Numeral recognition is considered an essential preliminary step for optical character recognition, document understanding, and others. Although several handwritten numeral recognition algorithms have been proposed so far, achieving adequate recognition accuracy and execution time remain challenging to date. In particular, recognition accuracy depends on the features extraction mechanism. As such, a fast and robust numeral recognition method is essential, which meets the desired accuracy by extracting the features efficiently while maintaining fast implementation time. Furthermore, to date most of the existing studies are focused on evaluating their methods based on clean environments, thus limiting understanding of their potential application in more realistic noise environments. Therefore, finding a feasible and accurate handwritten numeral recognition method that is accurate in the more practical noisy environment is crucial. To this end, this paper proposes a new scheme for handwritten numeral recognition using Hybrid orthogonal polynomials. Gradient and smoothed features are extracted using the hybrid orthogonal polynomial. To reduce the complexity of feature extraction, the embedded image kernel technique has been adopted. In addition, support vector machine is used to classify the extracted features for the different numerals. The proposed scheme is evaluated under three different numeral recognition datasets: Roman, Arabic, and Devanagari. We compare the accuracy of the proposed numeral recognition method with the accuracy achieved by the state-of-the-art recognition methods. In addition, we compare the proposed method with the most updated method of a convolutional neural network. The results show that the proposed method achieves almost the highest recognition accuracy in comparison with the existing recognition methods in all the scenarios considered. Importantly, the results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust against the noise distortion and outperforms the convolutional neural network considerably, which signifies the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to the state-of-the-art recognition methods under both clean noise and more realistic noise environments.
In this study, light elements Li ,10B for (a,n) and (n,a) reactions
as well as o-particle energy from threshold energy to 10 MeV are
used according to the available data of reaction cross sections. The
more recent cross sections data of (a,n) and (n,a) reactions are
reproduced in fine steps 42 Kev for 10B(n,o) Li in the specified
energy range, as well as cross section (o,n) Values were derived from
the published data of (n,a) as a function of a-energy in the same fine
energy steps by using the principle inverse reactions. This calculation
involves only the ground state of Li OB in the reactions 'Li(a,n) B
B (n,a) Li
Introduction
When two charged nuclei overcome their Coulomb repulsion, a
rearrangement
Green areas are an essential component of city planning, as they serve as an outlet for them to spend their free time, in addition to the environmental role that these green areas play in improving the city’s climate by purifying the air and beautifying the city. The study’s problem is summarized in identifying the appropriateness of the current spatial distribution of green areas in the city of Najaf with the current population densities and the pattern in which green areas are distributed using GIS and knowing the per capita share of those green areas in the city, the research assumes that the inconsistency of spaces between regions Green and residential neighbourhoods need to c
The aim of the research is to examine the multiple intelligence test item selection based on Howard Gardner's MI model using the Generalized Partial Estimation Form, generalized intelligence. The researcher adopted the scale of multiple intelligences by Kardner, it consists of (102) items with eight sub-scales. The sample consisted of (550) students from Baghdad universities, Technology University, al-Mustansiriyah university, and Iraqi University for the academic year (2019/2020). It was verified assumptions theory response to a single (one-dimensional, local autonomy, the curve of individual characteristics, speed factor and application), and analysis of the data according to specimen partial appreciation of the generalized, and limits
... Show MoreThe problem of rapid population growth is one of the main problems effecting countries of the world the reason for this the growth in different environment areas of life commercial, industrial, social, food and educational. Therefore, this study was conducted on the amount of potable water consumed using two models of the two satellite and aerial images of the Kadhimiya District-block 427 and Al-Shu,laa district-block 450 in Baghdad city for available years in the Secretariat of Baghdad (2005, 2011,2013,2015). Through the characteristics of geographic information systems, which revealed the spatial patterns of urban creep by determining the role and buildings to be created, which appear in the picture for the
... Show MoreThis study includes applying chemical tests on cow, sheep and chicken bones including both hallow and flat. The results of chemical tests on bones mentioned the moisture percentage which was between 4.95-7.32 %, and it was noticed the difference in protein percentage among different kinds of bones, The highest protien percentage was 39.62 % in hallow chicken bones and the lowest was in hallow sheep bones 20.31%, at the same time, the highest Ash percentage was in hallow sheep bones48.11% , whereas the highest percentage of fat was in hallow cow bones 30%. The chemical and physical tests were conducted for extracted fat from hallow and flat bones for cows, sheeps and chicken. It was found that peroxide values (PV), and free fatty acids (F
... Show MoreDapagliflozin is a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor. This work aims to develop a new
validated sensitive RP-HPLC coupled with a mass detector method for the determination of dapagliflozin, its
alpha isomer, and starting material in the presence of dapagliflozin major degradation products and an internal
standard (empagliflozin). The separation was achieved on BDS Hypersil column (length of 250mm, internal
diameter of 4.6 mm and 5-μm particle size) at a temperature of 35℃. Water and acetonitrile were used as
mobile phase A and B by gradient mode at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A wavelength of 224nm was selected to
perform detection using a photo diode array detector. The method met the
Information pollution is regarded as a big problem facing journalists working in the editing section, whereby journalistic materials face such pollution through their way across the editing pyramid. This research is an attempt to define the concept of journalistic information pollution, and what are the causes and sources of this pollution. The research applied the descriptive research method to achieve its objectives. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings indicate that journalists are aware of the existence of information pollution in journalism, and this pollution has its causes and resources.