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A Robust Handwritten Numeral Recognition Using Hybrid Orthogonal Polynomials and Moments
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Numeral recognition is considered an essential preliminary step for optical character recognition, document understanding, and others. Although several handwritten numeral recognition algorithms have been proposed so far, achieving adequate recognition accuracy and execution time remain challenging to date. In particular, recognition accuracy depends on the features extraction mechanism. As such, a fast and robust numeral recognition method is essential, which meets the desired accuracy by extracting the features efficiently while maintaining fast implementation time. Furthermore, to date most of the existing studies are focused on evaluating their methods based on clean environments, thus limiting understanding of their potential application in more realistic noise environments. Therefore, finding a feasible and accurate handwritten numeral recognition method that is accurate in the more practical noisy environment is crucial. To this end, this paper proposes a new scheme for handwritten numeral recognition using Hybrid orthogonal polynomials. Gradient and smoothed features are extracted using the hybrid orthogonal polynomial. To reduce the complexity of feature extraction, the embedded image kernel technique has been adopted. In addition, support vector machine is used to classify the extracted features for the different numerals. The proposed scheme is evaluated under three different numeral recognition datasets: Roman, Arabic, and Devanagari. We compare the accuracy of the proposed numeral recognition method with the accuracy achieved by the state-of-the-art recognition methods. In addition, we compare the proposed method with the most updated method of a convolutional neural network. The results show that the proposed method achieves almost the highest recognition accuracy in comparison with the existing recognition methods in all the scenarios considered. Importantly, the results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust against the noise distortion and outperforms the convolutional neural network considerably, which signifies the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to the state-of-the-art recognition methods under both clean noise and more realistic noise environments.

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Publication Date
Tue Jul 15 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The study of tempromandibular joint disorders and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in serum and saliva of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects mainly the synovial membranes and articular structures and is characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation involving multiple joints.Being a synovial joint, the Temporomandibular Joint is subject to the same disorders affecting other synovial joints, including RA.Beside it was considered as a specific serological marker for diagnosing RA disease ,antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide have proven to be associated with joints destruction, though; it may play a potential role in the prediction of the disease severity. Materials and Methods: Sixty nine individuals (69) were enrolled in this study, forty nine (49) were patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis, a

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 03 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Genetic And Environmental Resources Conservation, 2023, 11(1):53-59.
Comparative histomorphological and immunohistochemical study of parathyroid gland in two Iraqi mammals (Weasel, Herpestes javanicus and long-ear hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus)
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The present study aimed to investigate the anatomy, histology, and immunohistochemistry of parathyroid gland in two Iraqi mammals (Weasel, Herpestes javanicus and Long-ear hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus) as a comparative study. A total of (20) animal for each species were used in the present study. Animals collected were immediately anesthesia and dissected to get the parathyroid gland. Methods of Humason and Bancroft and Stevens were employed for histological techniques. Different stains were used (Hematoxylin- Eosin stain-(H & E), Periodic Acid Schiff stain-(PAS), Azan stain, and Methyl Blue stain-(MB)) for staining the histological sections. Anti-calcitonin, code140778 marker used for immune-histochemical study. Results of the present stu

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 02 2008
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Petrology, geochemistry and tectonic environment of the Shalair Metamorphhic Rock Group and Kater Rash Volcanic Group, Shalair Valley area, Northeastern Iraq
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Considerable use of computers and the Internet in managing public relations activities The Ministries of Justice and the Interior are examples
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She noted most of the results of research conducted on the use of computers and the Internet in the areas of administrative, economic, agricultural and educational to a significant improvement in learning outcomes of these groups in the development of mechanisms of action, has increased rates of computer use and applications in various spheres of life at very fast pace so that the computer and the Internet is a vital part of any activity, whether administrative or research or the media, hence it can be said that the use of computers and the Internet in the management of public relations activities in any organization can accelerate the pace of echo positive goals and purposes of public relations, this study comes to looking at us

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 04 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of Baska Style in Achievement and Creative Thinking among Students in the Fifth Grade Literary Material and Application Rhetoric
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The current research aims to identify the effect of Baska style on students’ achievement and the creative thinking in material rhetoric and the application of students for fifth grade literary. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher has designed an achievement test to measure group of students in the fifth grade literary in material application. The researcher chose a sample of 40 female students from Khansa School for Girls in Baghdad for the academic year (2014 - 2015), he applied the test on an exploratory sample consisted of 30 female students from the research community. The study resulted in being no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 25 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles via Black and Green Tea and Study its Toxicity on few Vital Organs of Female Mice
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This study included synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a green method using AgNO3 solution with glucose exposed to microwave radiation. The prepared NPs were also characterized using ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UV/vis spectroscopy confirmed the production of AgNPs, while SEM analysis showed that the typical spherical AgNPs were 30 nm and 50 nm in size for the NPs prepared using black tea (B) and green tea (G) as reducing agent, respectively. The changes in some of the biochemical parameters related to the liver and kidneys have been analyzed to evaluate the probable toxic effects of AgNPs. 40 adult male mice were included in this study. To assess the probable he

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 03 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Polymorphism study of MTHFR 677C?T and its correlation with oxidative stress and their influence on female infertility in Erbil – Iraq
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This research includes a study of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene’s allele 677C?T and its correlation with oxidative stress and their impact on female infertility. Fifty infertile women with the range age (23-42) years and twenty five fertile women with the range age (22-39) years as control group living in Erbil city were selected. The serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), prolactin hormone (PRL), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine hormone (T3), and Thyroxine hormone (T4) were measured, also a body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A restriction enzyme (Hinf1) was used to improve the mutation in DNA bands of infertile women. The results showed significant inc

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 13 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Repercussions of the Corona Pandemic (Covid 19) and its Impact on the Educational and Psychological Function of the Omani Family:
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Abstract

This study aims to identify the repercussions of the Corona pandemic (Covid 19) and its impact on the educational and psychological functions of the Omani family from the point of view of a number of fathers and mothers. Drive for a group of fathers and mothers, some of whom work in the government sector and others are mothers enrolled in graduate studies programs at the university, their ages range between (30-50 years) totally (28) mothers and fathers: 22 mothers and 6 fathers. The results showed that the repercussions of the transformation of e-learning, home quarantine, social distancing, and the challenges associated with them were among the most frequent responses that posed a real challenge to the

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 02 2019
Journal Name
Biochem. Cell. Arch.
NEW MIXED LIGAND OF DITHIOCARBAMATE AND 8- HYDROXYQUINOLINE WITH SOME COMPLEXES OF SCHIFF BASE LIGAND : SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL ANALYSIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
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The preparation, spectroscopic characterisation of complexes derived from the mixed ligands with CdII, ZnII and CoII metal ions with Schiff base, Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) and 8-Hydroxyquinoline are reported. The compounds that prepared have been defined via; chloride content, F.T-IR, UV-Vis 1H-NMR spectroscopy and C.H.N.S, as well as conductance and magnetic susceptibility.All data which collected from such methods specified complexes with 6 coordinates in solution and solid states. The biologicalactivity that is related to all the prepared compounds which were screened for their antimicrobial activitiesagainst (G+ and (G- )). The data that collected from biological activity indicate that complexes will have extra activity against such teste

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 28 2024
Journal Name
Curr Pharm Des
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Schiff base-mixed Ligand Complexes with Divalent Metal Ions Derived from Amoxicillin and Vanillin/Nicotinamide
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