Abstract. Shock chlorination is a well-known practice in swimming pools and domestic wells. One of the limitations for using this technique in drinking water purification facilities is the difficulty of quickly removing high chlorine concentrations in water distribution systems or production facilities. In order to use this method in the drinking water industry a shock de-chlorination method should be introduced for producing microorganism and biocide free water. De-chlorination using natural stagnant aeration (leaving the water to lose the chlorine naturally) is the safest known method if compared with chemical and charcoaling methods. Unfortunately, stagnant aeration is a slow process. Therefore, developing a process for accelerat

Abstract. The main technique for removing bacteria from water for various applications is chemical disinfection. However, this method has many disadvantages such as producing disinfectant by-products (DBPs), biofilm formation and either rendering the water unpotable (at high residual disinfection) or leaving a potential for lethal diseases such as Cholera (if the residual disinfection is too low). Recently, a process was developed for continuous removal of bacteria from water using the principle of froth flotation through compressed air only without any chemicals (Hassan, 2015). This work examines the extent to which chemical free froth flotation can purify drinking water. The experiments were carried out using two flotation columns

There is currently a pressing need to create an electro-analytical approach capable of detecting and monitoring genosensors in a highly sensitive, specific, and selective way. In this work, Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Polypyrrole, and gold nanoparticles nanocomposite (f-MWCNTs-GR-PPy-AuNP) were effectively deposited on the surface of the ITO electrode using a drop-casting process to modify it. The structural, morphological, and optical analysis of the modified ITO electrodes was carried out at room temperature using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemi

The theory of general topology view for continuous mappings is general version and is applied for topological graph theory. Separation axioms can be regard as tools for distinguishing objects in information systems. Rough theory is one of map the topology to uncertainty. The aim of this work is to presented graph, continuity, separation properties and rough set to put a new approaches for uncertainty. For the introduce of various levels of approximations, we introduce several levels of continuity and separation axioms on graphs in Gm-closure approximation spaces.

in this paper copper oxide (cuO thin films were prepared by the method of vacum thermal evaporation a pressure.

Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) was coupled with ultraviolet absorption sepectoscopy (UV) for separation and identification of Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Pyrene, Benz{a} anthracene and 1,3,2,4-Dibenzanthracene. RP-HPLC was performed on an ODS-C18 column (150×4.6 mm I.D) using acetonitrile–buffer phosphate as mobile phase. UV absorption spectra of the elutes was detected in 254 nm, and studying the chromatographic variables include organic modifier ratio, PH, column temperature and concentration of buffer to maximize resolution and minimize separation time. the results showed that using mobile phase( 80:20) v/v acetonitrile:0.01M phosphate buffer solution at PH 6 with flow rate 1ml/min and column te

 The current work utilizes the peel and pulp of the Iraqi eggplant to remove Alizarin Red S dye (ARS) from an aqueous solution. The isotherms of adsorption were studied and the factors that the effect them: temperature, the effect of surface nature and effect of ionic strength. The isotherms of adsorption of ARS on the peel were found obey the Freundlich, equation, but the isotherms of adsorption on the pulp were found to obey the Langmuir equation. At different temperatures, the adsorption process was studied, and it was found that when the temperature decreased, the adsorption increased. Based on the data we obtained in practice, the thermodynamic functions (∆H, ∆G, ∆S) were calculated as the process was exothermic, spontan

Thermal conductivity for epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 and Fe2O3 are
calculated, it found that increasing the weight ratio of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 lead to
increase in the values of thermal conductivity, but the epoxy composite filled with
Fe2O3, have values of thermal conductivity less than for epoxy composite filled with
Al2O3, for the same weight ratio. Also thermal conductivity calculated for epoxy
composites by contact to every two specimens (like sandwich) content same weight
ratio of alumina-oxide and ferrite-oxide, its found that the value of thermal
conductivity lays between the values of epoxy filled Al2O3 and of epoxy filled Fe2O3

In this work, a magnetic switch was prepared using two typesof ferrofluid materials, the pure ferrofluid and ferrofluid doped with copper nanoparticles (10 nm). The critical magnetic field (Hc) and the state of magnetic saturation (Hs) were studied using three types of laser sources. The main parameters of the magnetic switch measured using pure ferrofluid and He-Ne Laser source were Hc(0.5 mv, 0.4 G), Hs (8.5 mv, 3 G). For the ferrofluid doped with copper nanoparticles were Hc (1 mv, 4 G), Hs (15 mv, 9.6 G), Using green semiconductor laser for the Pure ferrofluid were Hc (0.5 mv, 0.3 G) Hs (15 mv, 2.9 G). While the ferrofluid doped with copper nanoparticles were Hc (0.5 mv, 1 G), Hs (12 mv, 2.8 G) and by using the violet semiconductor l