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Adaptation re-use of traditional cafés in Erbil, Iraq
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Purpose

This paper aims to shed light on adaptive reuse in traditional architecture (TA) in Erbil, Iraq.

Design/methodology/approach

An inductive approach and qualitative method were used in this study. The inductive research approach was used because there was no clear image of adaptive reuse in traditional cafés (TCs) in Erbil. Besides, there are no studies of TCs in Erbil particularly. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge about what adaptations took place in TCs in Erbil. The qualitative method extracted themes and issues from case studies of four TCs in Erbil citadel's buffer zone. This included a physical survey and observation of the TCs in Erbil and 18 semi-structured interviews with the owners, servers and visitors.

Findings

The analysis shows the flexibility of the TCs in Erbil as a face of adaptive re-use (AR) which is explained through the capacity linked to space modifications, the addition of modern devices, the function linked to space modifications, service addition, the condition linked to space modifications and the addition of modern devices. Also, TCs in Erbil has a spatial identity and architectural value that proves it is worthy enough to be preserved through unique spirituality linked to preserving the place.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are limited to the cases of TCs in mountain regain and may not be applicable or appropriate to other cafés in other different countries.

Originality/value

There are three aspects of authenticity in the current research. Firstly, the TCs in Erbil have not been studied before. Secondly, TCs that have been discovered have made AR of themselves whilst maintaining their original function-serving beverages, to stimulate creativity. Thirdly, most of the studies of AR have dealt with historical and heritage architecture, whilst the current research paper is dealing with TA.

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Use of Nicotiana tobaccum extractions as a molluscicide to the snail of Bulinus truncates
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Nicotiana tobaccum L (Solanacea) extracts are used as a mollusciede to the snail Bulinus truncatus the intermediate host of urinary Schistosomiasis. LC50 of the extracts to the snail with 24 hour was 3.27 ml/l? 48 hour was 3.33 ml/l? 72 hour was 2.67 ml/l and 96 hour was 2.28ml/l. This study showed the ability to use the leaf extracts in the control of this type of snail.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 10 2023
Journal Name
2023 3rd International Conference On Emerging Smart Technologies And Applications (esmarta)
Perceived Trust of Stakeholders: Predicting the Use of COBIT 2019 to Reduce Information Asymmetry
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Perceived Trust of Stakeholders: Predicting the Use of COBIT 2019 to Reduce Information Asymmetry

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Sat Apr 20 2024
Journal Name
Int J Eng Res Technol
Effect of irrigation levels and organic matter on water use efficiency of chilli pepper
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Mon Jan 01 1990
Journal Name
Solar & Wind Technology
Use of passive heat transfer and fluorescence to improve performance of photovoltaic solar panels
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2020
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering
Increasing the Setting Time of Local Gypsum (Joss) by the Use of TGP additive
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Abstract<p>This research presents a study of using an additive for the objective of increasing the setting time of a material used in several aspects in the constructional field, this material is “Local-Gypsum” which is locally called “Joss”, and the additive used in this study is “Trees Glue Powder” denoted by “TGP”. Nine mixtures of Local-gypsum (joss) had been experimented in the current study to find their setting time, these mixes were divided into three groups according to their water-joss ratios (W/J) (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5), and each group was sub-divided into three sub-groups according to their TGP contents (0.0%, 0.3% and 0.6%). It was found that, when TGP is added with the </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Jul 01 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering
Interlaboratory Study on the Use of Sugarcane Molasses for Production of Bioasphalt: Field Application
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The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives in road construction has led to the exploration of bio-based materials for bitumen modification. This study investigates the use of sugarcane molasses (SM) as a partial replacement of bitumen, evaluating its performance through an interlaboratory study conducted in India and Iraq. Bio-bitumen binders were prepared by partially replacing 30% of conventional bitumen with sugarcane molasses, and their chemical and thermal behaviour was studied. Additionally, laboratory tests were conducted on bio-bitumen mixtures, evaluating rutting resistance, cracking resistance, moisture susceptibility, and stiffness characteristics. A mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis using

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Technique Features of the 1990s Prose Poem in Iraq: The Technique Features of the 1990s Prose Poem in Iraq
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Abstract:
The prose poem of the 1990s is considered one of the important
contributions of the Iraqi poetic scene. The poem found a position in the Iraqi
poetry because of the favor of a group of youth poets who lefty clear traces.
Their linguistic techniques often violate the domain o9f language, significance
and image.
The poems of those youth poets moved the verse towards reality to
drink from its abundant springs in order to stand on a rigid ground. Their
linguistic traces are characterized by paradox and astonishment that are used
by the poet to construct his poem.

The paradox was considered an ideal means for constructing a
poem by some of them. The poem moved towards definitions and these
de

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Defining the Feature of Cold Wave (Al-Marba'aniyah) in Iraq: Defining the Feature of Cold Wave (Al-Marba'aniyah) in Iraq
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Abstract:
Al-Marba'aniyah, which is a long cold wave, was defined by ancient
Iraqis. It represents the coldest days in Iraq. In this research paper, a new
scale was put to define it. It shows that the period between the minimum
temperature degree recoded in December and the minimum temperature
degree recorded in January is considered to be the period of Al-Marba'aniyah.
The research concluded that Al-Marba'aniyah is unsteady and it changes in
the days of its occurrence. It was also concluded that the dates of the
beginning and the end of Al-Marba'aniyah are unsteady, too. Moreover, it was
found out that each of the Siberian high, European high, and finally the
subtropical high are the responsible systems for

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 26 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN PROVIDING FINANCIAL SUPPORT WOMEN IN IRAQ: THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN PROVIDING FINANCIAL SUPPORT WOMEN IN IRAQ
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This study dealt with the basics of financial inclusion in terms of concept, importance and objectives, The empowerment of women financially and bank ,and then the relationship between financial inclusion and women, and determine the requirements of inclusion Financial resources for women. The analytical descriptive method was used for data, which included reviewing and analyzing information and data in economic and financial literature. The study: reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are Financial inclusion contributes to women's financial and banking support, as there is a positive relationship between financial institutions Banking and women's access to financial and banking services, thus playing a rol

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Use of One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance in the Impact of the Database on the Fields of Banking Service in Some Iraqi Banks
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 The purpose of this paper is to recognize the impact of database levels on fields of banking service (provision of remittance services and transfer of funds, save financial deposits, provision of personal loans services) in some of Iraqi banks using one-way multivariate analysis of variance. The paper population consisted of (120) employees, then a random stratified sample of (104) employees was taken. A questionnaire paper consists of (24) items were designed in order to analyze by one-Way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS.One of the main findings of the current paper is that there is an impact of database on fields of banking service in Iraqi banks (Al Rafidain and Al Rasheed).

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