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Adaptation re-use of traditional cafés in Erbil, Iraq
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Purpose

This paper aims to shed light on adaptive reuse in traditional architecture (TA) in Erbil, Iraq.

Design/methodology/approach

An inductive approach and qualitative method were used in this study. The inductive research approach was used because there was no clear image of adaptive reuse in traditional cafés (TCs) in Erbil. Besides, there are no studies of TCs in Erbil particularly. Thus, there is a lack of knowledge about what adaptations took place in TCs in Erbil. The qualitative method extracted themes and issues from case studies of four TCs in Erbil citadel's buffer zone. This included a physical survey and observation of the TCs in Erbil and 18 semi-structured interviews with the owners, servers and visitors.

Findings

The analysis shows the flexibility of the TCs in Erbil as a face of adaptive re-use (AR) which is explained through the capacity linked to space modifications, the addition of modern devices, the function linked to space modifications, service addition, the condition linked to space modifications and the addition of modern devices. Also, TCs in Erbil has a spatial identity and architectural value that proves it is worthy enough to be preserved through unique spirituality linked to preserving the place.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are limited to the cases of TCs in mountain regain and may not be applicable or appropriate to other cafés in other different countries.

Originality/value

There are three aspects of authenticity in the current research. Firstly, the TCs in Erbil have not been studied before. Secondly, TCs that have been discovered have made AR of themselves whilst maintaining their original function-serving beverages, to stimulate creativity. Thirdly, most of the studies of AR have dealt with historical and heritage architecture, whilst the current research paper is dealing with TA.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Different Development Scenarios to Increase the Production Rates for Fauqi Oil Field Southeastern Iraq
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The Fauqi field is located about 50Km North-East Amara town in Missan providence in Iraq. Fauqi field has 1,640 MMbbl STOIIP, which lies partly in Iran. Oil is produced from both Mishrif and Asmari zones. Geologically, the Fauqi anticline straddles the Iraqi/Iranian border and is most probably segmented by several faults. There are several reasons leading to drilling horizontal wells rather than vertical wells. The most important parameter is increasing oil recovery, particularly from thin or tight reservoir permeability. The Fauqi oil field is regarded as a giant field with approximately more than 1 billion barrels of proven reserves, but it has recently experienced low production rate problems in many of its existing wells. This study

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
2019 12th International Conference On Developments In Esystems Engineering (dese)
Roadway Deterioration Prediction Using Markov Chain Modeling (Wasit Governorate/ Iraq as a Case Study)
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Publication Date
Thu Aug 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Economic contributions to small industrial projects (Selected international experiences with special reference to Iraq)
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Abstract:

Most of the studies on this subject, small industrial projects, by researchers and scholars in the economic field show the great and increasing importance of doing this kind of projects, the extent of which can be determined by the contribution of these projects to indicators and macroeconomic and sectorial variables. So this research aims to show the extent of the economic contribution of projects in selected international experiences and in the Iraqi economy. As international experiences have provided the opportunity for the progress and growth of small projects in their economies, which led to an increase in the contribution of these projects in the recruitment of economically active manpower, in added

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Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Budget Deficiency and Its Treatment Prospects and Policies with Reference to Iraq (2003-2012)
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Developed and underdevelopment countries, on equal terms, face the problem of budget deficiency. Budget deficiency means that the public expenditure surpasses the public revenues. This, on the international level, is one of the most serious economic problems with many direct effects on the national economy, and depends, basically, on its finance chosen method. Looking for a solution to this problem, for this reason and many other ones, has been highlighted in spite of the many attempts to reduce the role of the governmental expenditure. Budget deficiency can not be attributed to a single unique cause since it is complex phenomenons the causes of which are related to many factors contribute to its occurrence, some of which refer t

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Isvs E-journal
Preserving the Past and Building the Future: A Sustainable Urban Plan for Mosul, Iraq
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Preserving the Past and Building the Future: A Sustainable Urban Plan for Mosul, Iraq

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Scopus
Publication Date
Mon Jun 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The availability of the internal mechanisms of corporate governance and the Contexts of workof the Federal Board of Supreme Audit of Iraq (BSA (
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The research focuses on addressing one of the most important concepts of modern management that deal with the relationship between government institutions and stakeholders, Which now occupies a special significance in trends modern management, a concept of corporate governance it takes the internal mechanisms due to its key role and is important in the process of corporate governance and looking for building Effective mechanisms for this concept in light of laws and regulations that are available in the local environment and on the functioning of government institutions, Search has been applied in the Federal Board of Supreme Audit of Iraq (BSA) due to its particular importance as an institution control and as a awaits the societ

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Crossref (1)
Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The dominance of the consumption pattern of government Expenditure and its impact on economic growth of Iraq for the period 2003-2014
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The importance of government Expenditure policy in economy come from its role leading to the mitigation and adjustment of fluctuations in macroeconomic variables caused by imbalance between aggregate demand and aggregate supply,  It is associated with the efficient management of government Expenditure to reinforcement the relationship between government Expenditure and the overall economic system .

Regarding the Iraqi economy,the increasing in financial rentier after the political change in 2003 has led to finance the budgets Characterized by consumption,The government Expenditure employed to encourage government employment in services jobs, and find different channels for the distribution of

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 09 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The financial aid of the Central Bank of Iraq to the government and its reflection on indicators of banking stability/ Applied Research
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The research aims to define the images of financial aid that it provides within their tasks (central banks to governments) and how it can affect the indicators of banking stability, as well as monitoring the levels of banking stability in the Iraqi economy through the indicators used by the Central Bank of Iraq, and the importance of research in banking stability lies in Iraq, because any decrease in the movement of the aggregate banking stability index will reflect negatively on the financial sector in Iraq. Therefore, the Central Bank sought to provide financial aid to the government through a group of components, some of which are represented by initiatives that contribute to revitalizing the national economy and the other hel

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluation The Efficiency And Effectiveness of The Iraq stock Exchange -An Empirical Study From July 2004 to March 2008–
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 The aim of this study was to provide an overall assessment to the efficiency of the Iraq stocks exchanges (ISE) through specifying well –known models .First, Fama's efficient market hypothesis as a contrary concept to the random walk hypothesis, was performed and it has been found that ISE follows the random process, so the price of the shares can't be predicated on the basis of past information. Second,we use a multifactor model, which so named multiple regression, to explore the link between ISE  and the main economic indicators. our empirical analysis finds that every weak associations exists between major ISE measures and main economic indicators.

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Dec 06 2019
Journal Name
Ssociation Of Arab Universities Journal Of Engineering Sciences
Application of Artificial Neural Network and GeographicalInformation System Models to Predict and Evaluate the Quality ofDiyala River Water, Iraq
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This research discusses application Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Geographical InformationSystem (GIS) models on water quality of Diyala River using Water Quality Index (WQI). Fourteen water parameterswere used for estimating WQI: pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Orthophosphate, Nitrate, Calcium, Magnesium,Total Hardness, Sodium, Sulphate, Chloride, Total Dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity and Total Alkalinity.These parameters were provided from the Water Resources Ministryfrom seven stations along the river for the period2011 to 2016. The results of WQI analysis revealed that Diyala River is good to poor at the north of Diyala provincewhile it is poor to very polluted at the south of Baghdad City. The selected parameters wer

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